Earthworks Removal of unsuitable - Unsuitable materials should be remove and dump at designated/approve area

materials - The excavated area is fill with suitable materials up until the ground/existing level, and proceed with
filling work for embankment fill and subgrade layer
Suitable materials for fillings - Subsequent laboratory testing is required in order to determine the suitability of materials use for
filling works and achieved the desired requirements.
- FDT must be conducted for every filling/layering work
Dipping level - Dipping level is conducted to determine the required thickness of laying material after compacted,
i.e. the remaining height, which is 750mm to be filled up until FRL with allowance of 10mm after lay
and compact of subgrade layer
Ground treatment - The ground treatment should be done according to the design specifications, prior to the filling work
- For PVD area, the drainage blanket (sand) must be lay according to the drawing, to ensure the PVD
and subsoil drain are covered, also able to drain water well/properly
Bridge Girder - 50% and 100% stressing conducted when achieve the strength of 50N/mm2 (G50) after 7 & 28 days
of cube test respectively
- Determine the elongation of the tendon at site and compare with theoretical elongation (±6% differ)
- The initial of the pressure apply use 1000psi (6.89MPa), with interval of 5MPa up until desired
jacking force
- The cube for grout to be fill prior to grouting work and within 30mins of mixing
- The grouting done when overflow seen out of the vents, indicate the cement grout fill well in the
tendon
Bored pile - SPT N-value, which is number of blows required for penetration of 300mm to reach hard layer/rock
level for bored pile should greater than 200 (at least 50blows to achieve penetration of 75mm)
- The piles are bored at distance greater than 3 times diameter close to other piles (>1.8m), which
means the drilling and concreting work for bored piles are done one pile apart

Non-conformance of Concrete cube test does not achieve required compressive strength
concrete - proposed to conduct cores taken from structure and non-destructive tests
Rectification work (site - construction of pile cap was incomplete resulting the finishing not in a good condition, applying
memo) bonding agent
Pile Testing High Strain Dynamic Testing
of Piles (PDA Testing)
Static Load Test (MLT)
Low Strain Integrity Testing
of Piles (PIT Testing)
Sonic Logging Pile Integrity
Test
Purpose:
- Obtain acceleration, velocity or displacement of the pile under an impact force.
- Can be used to assess the pile’s integrity, bearing capacity, hammer performance and pile stresses.
Methodology:
- The attached gauges are connected to a Pile Driving Analyzer (PDA) by a cable. With each
hammer impact, the PDA processes the strain and acceleration measurements in real time,
providing both graphical data displays and numerical results.
Purpose:
- Determine the settlement that can occur at working load and twice the working load.
Methodology:
- Load (stacked kentledge) is applied to the pile in discrete increments. Full test load shall be
maintained on the pile at least 48 hours.
Purpose:
- Determine the pile quality and integrity
- Estimate the unknown length of existing pile
Methodology:
- Attaching one or two accelerometers to the foundation and using a hand-held hammer to impact
it. The PIT collects the acceleration data and displays curves that reveal any significant changes
in cross section that may exist along the pile.
Purpose:
- Provide information about the honeycombs & segregations on concrete, washouts of cement due
to groundwater flows, cracks due to shrinkages and contaminations of the concrete.
Methodology:
- Sends ultrasonic pulses through the concrete from one tube to another tube present in the pile and
detects the structural integrity based on the received waves.