PT SOILENS - Methodology of Geotechnical Survey Works

Soilens Proposal No.
: 003/CO-1/07/2023
SOIL INVESTIGATION WORK METHODOLOGY
WORK METHODOLOGY OF GEOTECHNICAL SURVEY

July 2023
:E
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PT Soilens | Jalan P. H. Hasan Mustafa No. 41 | Bandung 40124 | soilens@soilens.com

Soilens Proposal No. : 003/CO-1/07/2023
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Pages
1 INTRODUCTION................................................................................................................ 5
2 GENERAL ......................................................................................................................... 5
2.1 Scope of Works ................................................................................................................ 5
2.2 Work Activities Upon Received of Signed Contract ....................................................... 5
2.3 Execution Plan ................................................................................................................. 6
2.3.1 Material and Field Equipment ......................................................................................... 6
2.3.2 Laboratory Work.............................................................................................................. 7
2.3.3 Drilling Work Area Layout.............................................................................................. 7
3 ORGANIZATION CHART AND RESPONSIBILITIES ........................................................ 9
3.1 Organization Chart ........................................................................................................... 9
3.2 Responsibilities ................................................................................................................ 9
3.2.1 Quality Control (QC)/Quality Assurance (QA) ............................................................... 9
3.2.2 Project Staffing .............................................................................................................. 10
3.2.3 Safety ............................................................................................................................. 11
4 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS ...................................................................................... 12
4.1 Geotechnical Drilling ....................................................................................................... 12
4.1.1 Drilling ........................................................................................................................... 12
4.1.2 Standard Penetration Test (SPT) .................................................................................... 13
4.1.3 Undisturbed Sampling ................................................................................................... 14
4.1.3.1 Sample Handling ................................................................................. 15
4.1.3.2 Thin Walled Shelby Tube ................................................................... 17
4.1.3.3 Pocket Penetrometer............................................................................ 18
4.1.3.4 Fixed Piston Sampler .......................................................................... 18
4.1.4 Ground Water Level Observation ................................................................................. 20
4.1.5 Boring Log ..................................................................................................................... 20
5 LABORATORY TESTS ................................................................................................... 20
5.1 Description and Identification of Soils Visual Manual Procedure (ASTM D-2488) ....... 24
5.2 Laboratory Determination of Water Content of Soil and Rock (ASTM D-2216)............ 24
5.3 Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit and Plasticity Index of Soils (ASTM D-4318) ..................... 24
5.4 Specific Gravity of Soils (ASTM D-854) ........................................................................ 24
5.5 Standard Test Method for Particle Size Analysis of Soils (ASTM D-422)...................... 25
5.6 Unconsolidated-Undrained Triaxial Compression (ASTM D-2850) .............................. 25
5.7 Consolidated Undrained Triaxial Compression (ASTM D-4767) ................................... 25
5.8 One Dimensional Consolidation (ASTM D-2435) .......................................................... 26
5.9 Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil (ASTM D-2166) ........................... 26
5.10 Standard and Modified Compaction Tests (ASTM D-698 and ASTM D-1557) ............. 27
5.11 Standard Test Method for CBR of Laboratory Compacted Soils (ASTM D-1883)......... 27
5.12 Standard Test Method for pH of Soils (ASTM D-4972).................................................. 27
5.13 Soil and Water Chemical Content Test ............................................................................ 27
5.13.1 pH value ......................................................................................................................... 27
5.13.2 Chloride Ion Content ..................................................................................................... 27
5.13.3 Water-Soluble Sulfate Content ...................................................................................... 27
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6 REPORTING.................................................................................................................... 28
7 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR SAFETY WORK ...................................................... 30
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This technical proposal is prepared in response to a request from client to bid for the Geotechnical
Investigation. We have prepared this proposal based on our understanding of the proposed
project and scope of works described in general information and technical specifications for the
geotechnical survey works of the bidding letter invitation.
The works we are proposing include topographic survey, geotechnical drilling, soil laboratory
tests, and geotechnical analysis
We have scheduled the whole work to complete in 270 days in total, excluding unforeseen delays,
by mobilizing two drilling rigs at the same time upon receipt of signed contract, notice to
proceed, and permit to enter the work areas. Our rigs are equipped to drill any types of soils and
rocks using continuous coring method. Bentonite slurry and casing may be used if necessary to
protect the holes from collapsing. Our SPT hammers are fully automatic with measured
transferred energy of 60 to 70 percent of free falling hammer. Tube sampling method will be
chosen to suit the soil types encountered. Each drill rig is equipped with hydraulic Fixed Piston
Sampler, Shelby Tubes, Mazier Sampler as well as Field Vane Shear Test for measuring
undrained shear strength of very soft clays. Cone penetration test (CPT) with pore pressure
measurement will be performed using our 100-kN capacity penetrometer and piezometer to a
refusal depths at which 20-kN total load or 200kg/cm2 cone end resistance is reached but not
exceeding a maximum depth of 30 meter.
Our soil mechanics laboratory is KAN accredited and equipped to perform soil classification
tests, strength tests, and consolidation tests. Due to a large number of tests to be performed some
of the tests may need to be conducted by a trusted third party laboratory to meet the schedule.
Our QA/QC plan follows our ISO 9001:2015 Quality Management and we commit to working
safely in order to have everyone go home safely everyday.
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1 INTRODUCTION
We have prepared this technical proposal in response to a bid invitation from client for
the Geotechnical Investigation. Based on our understanding of the proposed project a
geotechnical investigation, our proposed investigation methods are prepared to meet the request
requirements.
In the following sections and subsections we summarize the scope of works, personnels
assigned, equipment proposed etc. according to TOR provided. Separate documents such as
overall project schedule, curriculum vitae, etc. can be found in shared folders included in our
Google Drive account. The link to these shared folders will be provided in the email
accompanying this proposal.
2 GENERAL
2.1 Scope of Works
We will provide all of the required works for this proposed project as summarized below.
▪ Exploratory drilling 7 points with a drilled depth of 30 meters at each point
▪ Standard Penetration Test/SPT at every 2-m intervals
▪ Collecting undisturbed samples using hydraulically operated Fixed Piston sampler

from very soft clays, Shelby tubes from soft to medium stiff clays, and Mazier
double/triple tube barrels from stiff to very stiff layers
▪ Laboratory testing program
▪ Soil Classification Test

▪ Unit Weight
▪ Natural Moisture Content
▪ Atterberg Limits
▪ Grain Size Analysis (Sieve + Hydrometer)
▪ Specific Gravity
▪ Mechanical Test
▪ UU Triaxial Compression Test
▪ CU Triaxial Compression Test
▪ Consolidation Test
▪ Geotechnical analysis, recommendation and reporting
2.2 Work Activities Upon Received of Signed Contract

Upon the received of signed contract, notice to proceed, and permit to enter the working
area we will immediately prepare the detailed work plan and conduct internal coordination to
mobilize site coordinator manager, geologist, geodetic surveyors, field work technicians, and
equipment & supported materials. We will mobilize our own two (2) drill rigs at the same time.
In addition, we have additional three drilling rigs standing-by at our warehouse ready to mobilize
if required to complete the work on time. Our project and site manager will make immediate
communication with client’s person in charge to coordinate the work.
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Our personnels will be transported by land transportation from Bandung city and stay at rented
houses near the project site. One minibus and/or SUVs will be ready all the time at site for
transporting our personnels to and from the work areas. Meals at lunch break will be delivered
so there is no need to leave the sites during the break. Drinking water will be provided as well as
trash bags for good housekeeping.
2.3 Execution Plan

Our requirement documents and overall survey plan has been prepared and included in a
separate soft files.The plan includes the preparation of project upon received of signed contract
and notice to proceed, mobilization of personnels and equipments, detail works at project area,
other insitu testing (SPT), laboratory test program, and reporting (geotechnical recommendation
and analysis, and topographic survey).
2.3.1 Material and Field Equipment

We will maintain our own equipment for soil investigation, laboratory testing and office
furnishing including materials, parts, tools, and supplies to meet the requirements for the work.
All equipment will be capable of securing satisfactory samples of the required diameters at the
required drilling depths.
All accessories for drilling, sampling, and testing such as casing, drill rods, drill bits,
piping, pumps, meters, gauges and other materials or supplies necessary for the work, will be
furnished.
The equipment will be in satisfactory operating condition and capable of performing the
work set forth herein safety, quality, and efficiency. The equipment will be subjected to any
possible inspection by the Client at all times and, if deemed unsatisfactory, will be removed from
the work site and replaced by other satisfactory equipment.
If we are appointed to carry out this assignment we will mobilize our 2 (two) drilling rigs
(rotary-type drill rigs such as Toho, Jackro type, Acker, APAFOR, and in-house built rigs or
similar) equipped with flushing water/mud pumping units, bentonite slurry mixers, and other
related accessories. Our drilling rigs are capable of penetrating at least 100 meter deep with
productivity of 8 to 10 meter/rig/day.
And also our in-house built jackro-type drill rigs that are also equipped with fully automatic SPT
hammer operated hydraulically. As explained above these rigs have self-supported tower and do
not require tripods during drilling.They are suitable for drilling in narrow areas such as in the
median area of the road, sidewalk area and others.
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Photographs of our in-house built drill rigs
Table 3 The list of personnel and Equipment
No
Purpose Equipment Type Operator and Technicians
.
Toho or Jacro type or Acker or
1 1 operator + 3 helper
APAFOR or similar
Geotehcnical Drilling
Toho or Jacro type or Acker or
2 1 operator + 3 helper
APAFOR or similar
2.3.2 Laboratory Work

The usefulness of the results of the laboratory tests depends on the quality of the samples
at the time they are tested. We will establish a satisfactory procedure for handling and labeling
the samples, as well as for their storage and transport so that they do not deteriorate and can be
readily identified from the sample storage when required. All samples will be immediately
labeled after being taken from a borehole.
All laboratory tests will be performed in our laboratory at Bandung. Unless otherwise
specified, all test procedures will be in accordance with the latest revisions of the standards of
the American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM).
After completing all soil testing, all unused undisturbed samples will be sealed to prevent
loss of moisture and all sacks containing bulk samples will be securely tied. These samples will
be stored in site storage room as approved by client regarding the place and type of structure.
2.3.3 Drilling Work Area Layout

To ensure safe and uninterrupted workflow of the drilling activity the working area will
be arranged as close as possible to the planned layout depicting the figure below.
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LEGEND :
1. Drill Machine
2. Water Pump
3. Rod & Casing Rack
4. (a)(b)(c) Tripod
5. Spool Bak
6. Operator (Driller)
7. Extruder
8. Corebox
9. Disposal Area
10. Supervisor/Geologist/Sampling Area
11. Equipment/tools storage
12. Boundary on working Area 5m x 6m
13. Safety Boundary line 10m x 10m
14. Safety Sign
15. Fire Extinguisher
16. Storage
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3 ORGANIZATION CHART AND RESPONSIBILITIES
3.1 Organization Chart

The people involved in this project will be organized according to project organization
arrangement shown in Figure 1. It is prepared to achieve a good chain of communication and
support in the process of completing the proposed investigation method. In general, the
organizational responsibility for the project is divided between the office and site teams. Project
coordinator, project leader, geotechnical analysis engineers, and laboratory chief will be, most
of the time, carry out the project from the main office and conducting site visit whenever
necessary. The works at site will be coordinated by the field team leader and carried out by the
drilling team, topographic survey, and HSE officers. The responsibilities and authorities of each
person in charge are described in Section 3.2.
Figure 1 Organization Chart
3.2 Responsibilities
3.2.1 Quality Control (QC)/Quality Assurance (QA)

To meet expectations of the Client, a QC /QA procedures will be fully integrated into our
services. Our Safety & QC/QA Manager will set up appropriate QC/QA Procedures and practices
to facilitate quality control throughout the course of the project. The QC/QA will be equally
applied to the services. To ensure this quality control, we have proposed that an integrated
QC/QA program will be implemented from the earliest possible stage of the project.
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3.2.2 Project Staffing

For successfully executing the field and laboratory works, we will employ qualified
personnel. The formation of the personnel is arranged to achieve maximum efficiency in
executing the works. The functions, tasks and responsibilities of each personnel are the
following:
a. Project Coordinator
He will be in charge of the whole project management on managerial administrative
matters. He will be in charge as our representative for this project to maintain good
communication with your project representative.
b. Project Leader
She will be in charge of the whole project management on both technical and
administrative matters. He will be in charge as our representative for this project to maintain
good communication with your project representative.
c. Field Team Leader

He is an engineer who has gained many experiences with geotechnical investigation,
surveying and laboratory works. His main tasks are:
▪ To coordinate preliminary site survey and approach to local authority including

permit arrangement at the Client site.
▪ To coordinate the execution of all works in the field
▪ To check, examine and complete all draft records prepared by Drilling Master
▪ To make continuous counseling and discussion required with the engineer from the
Client
▪ To prepare daily progress reports, and work programs
▪ To attend regular weekly meeting with the Client’s Representative in the field
After receiving a Letter of Intent or preferably signed Contract by both parties, our field
team leader will depart to the site to meet Supervising Personnel of the Client, to prepare all
work, such as :
Conduct pre-construction meetings, site inspection, work permit arrangement, collect
data of existing conditions for every drilling point, instruct to mobilize drilling machines and
determine the location to unload the machine, fulfill all requirements for site work, etc.
d. Driller
Our drillers for this project will be selected from those who have gained many hours of
geotechnical drilling experiences in similar projects. Their main jobs are:
▪ To perform geotechnical drilling by continuous coring, SPT, collecting undisturbed

samples, measuring water level, securing cores and tube samples, field testing results,
and visual soil condition encountered.
▪ To assist our field engineer in furnishing draft records of drilling results and other
field testing
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e. Laboratory Technician (Laboratory)

▪ Laboratory Technicians should be experienced personnel who are familiar with
laboratory equipment. The job description should include, but not limited to:
▪ Performing laboratory testing for disturbed and undisturbed samples taken from
boring and test pit
▪ Evaluating test results and then submitting them to the Chief Laboratory person for
data processing
f. Data Processing (Site and Office)

Data processing personnel should be experienced personnel and computer literate who
are familiar with any software used for processing the laboratory data. The job description should
include, but not limited to performing data processing for laboratory test data in accordance with
standard format for presenting laboratory test result
g. Geotechnical Engineer (Office)

A Geotechnical Engineer should be a Civil Engineer with over 15 years of experiences
in analyzing geotechnical data, and familiar with using geotechnical software and geotechnical
report preparation and certified as Professional Geotechnical Engineer (G-1) by Indonesian
Society for Geotechnical Engineers. The job description should include, but no limited to:
▪ Checking and evaluating the field test results, and reviewing the laboratory test results
▪ Preparing engineering analysis based on field and laboratory test results
▪ Preparing recommendation of the foundation, slope stability, excavation, site filling,
dynamic soil properties, road construction and others
▪ Preparing final report and others
h. Safety (Office)
He will be responsible for initiating the safety program, ensuring that project safety
requirements and procedures are being accomplished. He also prepares HSE procedures and
ensures that all performed works meet the standard procedures.
i. Safety Representative (Field)

He will be responsible for a continuing survey of the operations, ensuring that any
probable causes of injury or accident are controlled and that operating equipment, tools and
facilities are used, inspected and maintained as required by applicable safety and health
regulations. He will also supervise the fieldwork to meet the safety standards.
3.2.3 Safety
We fully recognize that safety is essential for the welfare of the mind kind and also an
important contributor to corporate growth. In order to ensure the safety of all people concerned,
we will comply with the following codes of conduct for safety:
▪ Recognize that every manager, supervisor and employee has and duty and
responsibility for safety
▪ Enhance safety consciousness and knowledge through education and training
▪ Establish safety regulations and comply therewith to eliminate unsafe activities and
procedures
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▪ Assess every situation which presents a possibility of an accident and take all
precautionary measures against such possible accident
▪ Ensure a hazard free and clean work environment
▪ Create interest and enthusiasm in safety effort through recognition of safety
performance; every accident is preventable
▪ We will perform the work by paying a lot of attention to safety aspects. We will also
take measures to ensure public safety as well as the safety of employees are fully
maintained and will take all measures required to comply with applicable laws and
regulations.
▪ Drilling safety guide as standard procedures of our work is enclosed in this proposal.
4 TECHNICAL SPECIFICATIONS
4.1 Geotechnical Drilling
4.1.1 Drilling
Drillings are made to determine the true nature,
arrangement, thickness, and texture of various soil strata
as they exist in the ground. Every effort should be made
to locate and record the datum elevation at which any
change in stratification occurs. Truly representative
samples of the soil comprising each stratum as it exists
in the ground including its natural moisture content must
be obtained. Prior to commencement of drilling location
and drilling depth will be submitted to the Client for confirmation and approval. The final
position and elevation will be provided for each borehole locations.
Continuous disturbed samples for lithologic soil description will be taken by utilizing
single tube core barrel and utilizing double or triple core barrels on any rock condition
encountered.
Steel casing will be driven as required to maintain an open hole for field testing and
sampling operations. The casing will be advanced to a depth greater than the depth at which field
testing of sampling is to be undertaken.
Drilling without flushing water for

the purpose of obtaining better core recovery
will be admitted in soft materials such as
clayey soil. Drilling rigs will be operated in
such a speed and with such water pressure to
ensure perfect core recovery in whatever
kind of soil strata is being drilled.
Core samples taken from each bore hole will be placed in wooden box, each of which has
5 grooves with 1 m of length to contain the drill core. The shallowest core will be placed in the
top left corner; cores from SPT will also be placed in the core boxes at the correct relative depth.
The core samples of moist soft rock will be wrapped air-tightly with transparent vinyl
sheet before being placed in the core box. Depth will be indicated on the core box by permanent
markers at the beginning and end of each drill run. Rigid core spacer will be used to indicate
missing length. The project name, location, bore hole number and depth of coring contained in
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each core box will be clearly indicated at the core box. The core will be protected from direct
heat and sunlight. At the end of each day’s work, core boxes will be stored securely from any
interference and protected from the weather.
Prior to examination of the core, our Supervisor will take photographs of the cores. The
time between commencement of preparation and the examination of the prepared and
photographed cores will be minimized to prevent loss of moisture from the core samples.
The cores will be examined and described on site by our experienced Geologist in
accordance with Unified Soil Classification System (ASTM D-2487).
4.1.2 Standard Penetration Test (SPT)

Standard Penetration Test will be performed in
accordance with ASTM D-1586. For accuracy we assumed that
this test will be conducted at every change of strata and within
a continuous stratum at 2 m interval.
The sampler will be driven with a guided hammer or ram
into undisturbed soil below the bottom of the boring after the
boring has been cleaned to remove all loose and foreign
SPT apparatus
materials. The sampling spoon will be 2 inches OD split barrel
sampler with an inside diameter of 1 3/8 inches. The inside of the split barrel will be flushed with
the inside of the drive shoe.
The hammer used to drive the sampler has a weight of 63.5 kg and will fall freely through a
height of 75 cm. The number of blows required to drive the sampler every 15 cm for a total depth
of 45 cm will be observed and recorded. The record will clearly show the number of blows for
every 15 cm of penetration. In hard materials requiring more than 50 blows/15 cm of penetration,
the blows for smaller amount of penetration may be observed and recorded with special note of
the amount of penetration actually obtained.
Immediately upon removal from the hole, the sample
will be carefully disassembled and the soil classified. The
samples will be wrapped in a transparent vinyl sheet and then
placed in the core box.
Calibration of SPT using the SPT-MAN tools. The
SPTMAN is a lightweight portable SPT hammer energy analyser
SPT split spoon and the various components of the acquisition unit are briefly
described below. The method is based on the propagation of
waves in long elastic cylinders. When the SPT rod is struck with the falling weight, the
instrumented rod section is deformed (enlarged) and this enlargement travels down the rod to the
base, where it is reflected back. To meet standard procedure in Standard Penetration Test (SPT),
all drilling machines have been completed with an automatic SPT system to provide free fall of
SPT Hammer. The energy of the SPT hammer has been calibrated periodically using PDA
equipment and SPT man apparatus as shown in figures below.
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SPT-MAN Tools (SPT Hammer Energy Analyser)
The measurement of SPT Hammer energy is now recommended for all Standard
Penetrometer Test systems. BS EN ISO 22476‐3 states that the hammer energy ratio has to be
known and a certificate of calibration made available “if N values are going to be used for the
quantitative evaluation of foundations or for the comparison of results”. This standard also
recommends that checks should be carried out on a 6 monthly basis, and also after damage,
overloading or repair. The system complies with the relevant parts of BS EN ISO 22476‐3,
EN1997‐2 (Eurocode 7) and ASTM D 4633‐05.
4.1.3 Undisturbed Sampling

In fine grained or cohesive soils, undisturbed sample
will be collected for laboratory testing purposes and in
accordance with the sampling method recommended by
ASTM D-1587. For accuracy of data we assumed that
undisturbed samples will be taken at every 5 meter interval or
soil layer changed.
Undisturbed soil samples are to be recorded by means
of a thin walled Shelby tube having 70 mm inside diameter
and 80 cm length. Shelby tubes will be seamless steel,
properly cleaned and polished on the inside. The sampler will
Thin walled Shelby tube
be pushed with hydraulic pressure fed continuously by boring
machine not by driving to minimize disturbance of the undisturbed sample. Meanwhile, the very
soft - soft soil will be taken using Piston Sampler which having 80 mm diameter and 100 cm
length. Piston tubes also will be seamless steel, properly cleaned and polished on the inside.
The sampler with its contained soil sample should remain in place for about 5 minutes.
The drill rod will then be rotated for two complete revolutions or until the soil immediately below
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the sample has sheared. The tube containing the sample will later
be carefully removed from the boring and detached from the
driving head.
Bottom end of each sample will be cleaned and tested
with Pocket Penetrometer and Hand Vane Shear.
The soil sample in the tube will be carefully squared at

Pocket Penetrometer each end, not less than ½ inch back of the ends of the tube, and
both end spaces will be completely filled with hot sealing wax.
Undisturbed soil sample will be clearly, accurately and permanently marked to show the
number of bore hole, the depth from which the sample was taken, top and bottom of the sample
and many other information which may be helpful in determining sub-surface condition.
All undisturbed samples will be protected in every possible way to avoid disturbance of
the samples during transportation. All samples will be protected from excessive heat and
carefully packed to prevent damage during storage or transportation.
4.1.3.1 Sample Handling

Sample handling is applied to ensure that the condition of the sample in the sample tube,
whether from the Piston Sampler, Shelby Tube Sampler, or Mazier Sampler, remains in the
original condition with the minor disturbance to moisture content, density, and others.
For this reason, after the sample in the tube is plugged using wax, each sample tube is
labeled to identify the sample. Then, the tube will be put into a wooden box. One wooden box
contains 5 (five) tubes. How to put it in a wooden box is vertical with the top and bottom
according to the original sample conditions in the drill hole. On the outside of the box is marked
with a red arrow pointing at the top. The vertical position is maintained during the transportation
process from the drilling site until it arrives at the laboratory in Bandung. Reduces/dampens
shocks in the vehicle during the transport process from site to PT Soilens’ Laboratory inBandung,
between the tubes in the wooden box are given a layer of foam and the lid of the wooden box is
given styrofoam. The end of each tube is capped from plastic (dop). To avoid erroneous samples
from other projects or mixing samples from other drill points, each wooden box is labeled with
a detailed identification of the sample.
Upon the arrival of the wooden box containing the sample tubes in the laboratory, the
sample handling officer will receive and record the arrival of the sample and immediately enter
it into the control room with constant temperature and humidity according to the standard room
for sample storage. The position of the wooden box must remain vertical according to the arrow
pointing up.
If the time for testing has arrived, the sample tubes are carefully removed from the
wooden box one by one. To remove the soil sample from the tube, an extruder is needed which
can be set vertically or horizontally according to the instructions from the Client. The extruder
uses a hydraulic drive system so that the stroke speed to push the sample can be constant
according to the applicable standards. Pictures of the working sequence of sample handling
shown in the following photos.
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Condition in a control room with constant temperature and humidity to keep samples
with their origin water content and density (as shown in figures below)
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The extruder can be set vertical to extrude sample from the tube using a hydraulic power
system with constant speed as stipulated in standard procedure (as shown in figures below)
The extruder can be set horizontal also to extrude samples from the tube using a hydraulic
power system with constant speed as stipulated in standard procedure (as shown in figures below)
4.1.3.2 Thin Walled Shelby Tube

Undisturbed soil samples are to be recorded by means
of a thin walled Shelby tube having 70 mm inside diameter
and 80 cm length. Shelby tubes will be seamless steel,
properly cleaned and polished on the inside. The sampler will
be pushed with hydraulic pressure fed continuously by boring
machine not by driving to minimize disturbance of the
undisturbed sample.
Thin walled Shelby tube
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4.1.3.3 Pocket Penetrometer

The sampler with its contained soil sample should remain
in place for about 5 minutes. The drill rod will then be rotated for
two complete revolutions or until the soil immediately below the
sample has sheared. The tube containing the sample will later be
carefully removed from the boring and detached from the driving
head.
Bottom end of each sample will be cleaned and tested
with Pocket Penetrometer and Hand Vane Shear.
Pocket Penetrometer
4.1.3.4 Fixed Piston Sampler

A fixed piston sampler will be used to take a very soft soil sample with compressive
strength of less than 0.25 kg/cm2. The standard procedure of ASTM D6519-15 will be adopted
for the piston sampling. Each drill rig is equipped with one unit of fixed piston sampler.
Fixed Piston Samplers
Piston sampler consists of an outer barrel and an inner barrel. The outer barrel is a tube
which has 88.9mm in diameter and 1.24m long. The top of the outer barrel is connected to the
barrel head and the bottom is connected to the barrel shoe. The function of the outer barrel is to
hold an inner barrel i.e. thin wall tube or sample tube. The thin wall tube has a 73.2mm inner
diameter and is 1,00m long. There is 4 (four) bolt at top of the thin wall sample too tight to the
inner tube head.
The following photos show the outer and the inner barrel of the piston sampler.
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Note :
1. Head of outer barrel (piston tube)
2. Outer barrel (outer tube)
3. Thin wall tube (inner tube)
4. Outer piston valve + 2 pieces of the rubber seal.
5. Head of thin wall tube
6. Piston axis
7. Valve of thin wall tube, can be arranged to be tighter or loose
8. Shoe of the outer barrel
The function of the outer piston valve with 2 (two) rubber seals is to push a thin wall tube
to take an undisturbed sample by water pressure.
The function of the inner piston valve (valve of thin wall tube) is to hold the sample in
the thin wall tube to avoid sample fall or loss.
PISTON SAMPLING PROCEDURE AND SAMPLE HANDLING

Before the piston sampler is used, all components should be clean and free from rust.
Check the condition of the valve by giving water pressure to know any leakage or not. Then,
follow the procedures below :
▪ Set all components of the piston sampler properly,
▪ Clean borehole until a depth where the sample should be taken,
▪ Insert the piston sampler into the borehole using bore rod,
▪ Push piston sampler by applying water pressure through bore rod and control the
water pressure from 5 kg/cm2 to not more than 20kg/cm2 using manometer gauge.
Usually, applied 5 kg/cm2 water pressure is already run well,
▪ Make sure that thin wall tube can penetrate well and be 100% full of the sample,
▪ Water overflow at top of the borehole can be used as an indication that the thin wall
tube is full of samples and water pressure can be stopped,
▪ Lift the piston sampler from the borehole,
▪ Place horizontally the piston sample,
▪ Take care during release the thin wall tube from outer barrel head,
▪ Clean the thin wall tube and do sample handling from this piston sampler similar to
Shelby tube,
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▪ Protect at both ends by wax, give label at every thin wall tube containing project
name, borehole no, depth, etc.
4.1.4 Ground Water Level Observation

Water levels in all holes will be taken and
recorded in the daily field records and logs at the
following period:
▪ Before the drilling commenced in the

morning
▪ After the drilling finished in the evening
▪ When a hole has been completed
Deepmeter
4.1.5 Boring Log

A field boring log will be prepared as boring progresses for each of the boring and
information in the boring log will include, but not be limited to, the following:
▪ Name of Contractor, driller and supervisor

▪ Name of supervising engineer
▪ Identification of project
▪ Date and weather condition when borehole was drilled
▪ Number and location of borehole
▪ Elevation of surface with respect to reference datum, water depth and state of tide, as
applicable
▪ Depth of different strata and to each sample
▪ Depth of groundwater and any contributing factors
▪ Type of sample
▪ Descriptions of each soil sample and soil stratum according to the Unified Soil
Classification System
▪ Results of all pocket penetrometer and shear vane tests
▪ Descriptions of all equipment used in performing the investigation and pertinent data
regarding obtaining of samples and field tests such as weight of hammer fall used,
size and type of samples, standard penetration blow counts on sample, and others.
5 LABORATORY TESTS
Our laboratory is KAN accredited. All tube samples will be stored standing up in our soil
sample storage room. Soil sample will be extruded from the tube in vertical direction using a
hydraulically operated extruder. All laboratory tests will follow applicable current ASTM or BS
standards. The list and photographs of our laboratory test equipment are given in Table 4 below.
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Table 4 The list of Laboratory Equipment
Table 4 Continued
Page 21 of 30

Page 22 of 30

Table 4 Continued
Page 23 of 30

Table 4 Continued
5.1 Description and Identification of Soils Visual Manual Procedure (ASTM D-2488)
This test covers procedures for the description of soils for engineering purpose and the
identification is based on visual examination and manual tests.
5.2 Laboratory Determination of Water Content of Soil and Rock (ASTM D-2216)
Water content of fine grained soils. It is the water content which changes the soils from
liquid state to plastic and solid states. Its value controls the shear strength and compressibility of
soils.
5.3 Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit and Plasticity Index of Soils (ASTM D-4318)
The values of Atterberg Limits (liquid limit and
plastic limit) are directly used for classifying the fine
grained cohesive soils according to ASTM standard on
soil classification.
Once the soils are classified, the information helps
describe the behavior of the soils and select the suitable
methods of design and construction.
5.4 Specific Gravity of Soils (ASTM D-854)

Specific gravity of soil grains is an important property and is used in calculating void
ratio, porosity, and degree of saturation if density and water content are known. Its value helps,
up to some extent, in identification of soils. It is used for computing the soil particle size by
means of hydrometer analysis. It is also used in estimating the critical hydraulic gradient in soil
Page 24 of 30

when a sand boiling condition is being studied and in zero air-

void calculation in the compaction theory of soils.
Its value ranges as follows :

▪ Coarse grained soils : 2.6 – 2.7
▪ Fine grained soils : 2.7 – 2.8
▪ Organic soils : 2.3 – 2.5
Specific Gravity
5.5 Standard Test Method for Particle Size Analysis of
Soils (ASTM D-422)
This test method covers the quantitative determination of
the distribution of particle sizes in soils. The distribution of
particle size larger than 75 m (retained on the No. 200 sieve) is
determined by sieving, while the distribution of particle sizes
smaller than 75 m is determined by a sedimentary process using
a hydrometer.
5.6 Unconsolidated-Undrained Triaxial Compression

(ASTM D-2850)
Unconsolidated-Undrained Triaxial Compression tests
will be performed on undisturbed soil samples and on
compacted soil samples. Strain-controlled testing
equipment will be used. Saturation of the specimens by
back pressure method may be required prior to testing. The
axial strain at the completion of triaxial compression tests
will be at least 20 percent. Pore pressure measurement will
be recorded during the course of all triaxial compression
tests. Plots of deviator stress versus strain, pore pressure
versus strain (where applicable) will be provided, together
with total and effective shear strength envelopes for both peak shear strength and shear strengths
at 20 percent strain.
5.7 Consolidated Undrained Triaxial Compression (ASTM D-4767)

Consolidated undrained triaxial
compression test specimens prepared from selected
undisturbed soil samples or of soil compacted in the
laboratory will be at least 125 mm in height. They
will be placed in the triaxial chamber, saturated by
the back pressure method, and then allowed to fully
consolidated under the designated confining
pressure. The deviator stress will then be applied
without permitting drainage to take place.
Strain controlled testing equipment will be
used. The axial strain at the completion of triaxial compression test will be at least 20 percent.
Page 25 of 30

Pore pressure measurements will be recorded during the course of all triaxial compression
tests. Plots of deviator stress versus strain, power pressure versus strain, and volume change
versus strain (where applicable) will be provided, together with total and effective shear strength
envelopes for both peak shear strength at 20 percent strain.
5.8 One Dimensional Consolidation (ASTM D-2435)

The purpose of consolidation test is to get
consolidation parameters of a soil which are
compression index Cc and coefficient of consolidation
Cv. The compression index relates to how much
consolidation or settlement will take place. The
coefficient of consolidation relates to how long it will
take for an amount of consolidation to take place.
5.9 Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil (ASTM D-2166)

This is the simplest and quickest test for determining the
cohesion and shear strength of cohesive soils. These values are
used for checking the short term stability of foundations and
slopes, where rate of loading is fast but rate of drainage is very
low. Soil consistency can easily be known from the value of
unconfined compression strength from the following table :
qu, kg/cm2 Soil consistency
<0.25 Very Soft
0.25 – 0.50 Soft
0.50 – 1.00 Medium
1.00 – 2.00 Stiff
2.00 – 4.00 Very Stiff
>4.00 Hard
Sensitivity is a very useful factor to know the effect of remolding on shear strength of
cohesive soils. Remolding of soils is very common during pile driving and excavation. Generally,
soils having sensitivity less than 4 are considered good for construction purposes.
Soils are designated as follows with respect to sensitivity :
Sensitivity Designation
1–4 Normal
4–8 Sensitive
8 – 15 Extra Sensitive
>15 Quick
Page 26 of 30

5.10 Standard and Modified Compaction Tests (ASTM D-698 and ASTM D-1557)
The purpose of the compaction test is to evaluate the compaction characteristics of
potential fill material, and to determine the moisture density relationship of a representative soil
sample when compacted in a mold of a given size with a hammer of a given weight dropping in
a given height. Several alternative procedures are available and each one corresponds to a
specific compaction effort.
Several samples of soil are prepared with different water contents. Each sample is
compacted according to the specified procedures. The unit dry weight and the water content of
each compacted sample are determined, and the results are plotted in a graph. This relationship
is very useful in controlling an artificially compacted fill.
5.11 Standard Test Method for CBR of Laboratory Compacted Soils (ASTM D-1883)
This test is commonly known as the CBR test and involves the determination of the load-
deformation curve of the soil in the laboratory using standard CBR testing equipment. It was
originally developed by the California Division of Highways and used in the design of highway
pavements.
5.12 Standard Test Method for pH of Soils (ASTM D-4972)
This test is to determine pH concentration and will be performed on soil samples obtained
from selected bore hole. The purpose of this test is to evaluate the chemical content of soil for
corrosion potential.
5.13 Soil and Water Chemical Content Test
Some soil and water samples were subjected to chemical test to determine their pH,
chloride content and water-soluble sulfate content. The test procedures are described in the
following sections:
5.13.1 pH value
The soil pH is measured using a pH meter following the recommendation of BS 1377
part 3:1990 Clause 9. A 30-gr air dried soil sample passing No.10 sieve is diluted with 75 ml
distilled water then stirred for about 30 minutes and covered with a cover glass for about 8 hours.
The suspension is stirred again immediately before testing. After calibrating the pH meter the
electrode is washed and immersed in the soil suspension. The soil pH is read from the pH meter.
5.13.2 Chloride Ion Content
The chloride ion content in soil is determined by a procedure recommended by British
Standard BS 1377 Part3:1990 Clause 7. A 50gr oven-dried soil sample passing No. 10 sieve is
diluted by 150ml distilled water, stirred for 4 hours, and allowed to settle for 16 hours. About
25ml of the clear solution is collected and acidy by adding HNO3. After that AgNO3, Benzyl
Alcohol, and Feri Ammonium Sulfat as indicator are added to the solution and finally titrated
with ammonium thiocyanate (NH4SCN) until the colorless solution turns pink.
5.13.3 Water-Soluble Sulfate Content

The water-soluble sulfate content in soil was determined in accordance with ASTM
C1580. One hundred gram of soil sample is oven-dried at 100o Celsius for 18 to 24 hours. After
that the soil sample is crushed and sieved through a 600µm sieve. Thirty (30) gram of soil finer
than 600µm is collected and poured into a 400ml beaker glass added with 200mL aquadest and
Page 27 of 30

stirred with magnetic stirrer for an hour. The solution is then poured through a filter paper into
another glass beaker to get a clear solution.
The solution pH is measured and then neutralized by adding 0.1N HCL or 0.1N NaOH.
The solution temperature is measured and monitored until the temperature of between 20 and
25oC is reached. Two aliquot specimens, i.e., 10 and 20 ml of solution, each is poured into two
volumetric flasks and aquadest is added until the solution volume is about 100 ml. Five (5) ml
conditioning reagent is added to each aliquot specimen and stirred by magnetic stirrer. After that
0.3gram BaCl2 powder is added to specimen and stirred by magnetic stirrer for 1 minute, poured
into a cuvette and let to sit for 4 minutes. The solution turbidity value (Nephelometric Turbiditey
Unit, NTU) is then measured by a turbiditymeter and the sulfate density is determined using a
calibration curve. The water-soluble sulfat content is measured by the following equation:
2.5 × 𝑀
𝑃=
𝐴×𝑊
where:
P = water soluble sulfat content in percent
M = sulfat density (mg/l) from calibration curve
W = specimen mass, gram
A = aliquot specimen volume, ml
The water-soluble sulfate contents of the two aliquot specimens is averaged and reported
as the water-soluble sulfate content of the tested soil.
6 REPORTING
Daily and Weekly Reports. The daily and weekly reports will be submitted to the Client’s
representative which consist of:
▪ Daily and weekly activities
▪ Draft of boring logs
▪ Manpower record
▪ Program for the following day
▪ HSE Report
Preliminary report. Preliminary Report will be provided for comments before finalizing.
Final report. The Final report will be submitted according to the attached schedule. The report
consists of:
▪ A map showing the location of all boreholes and their elevation referenced to the
existing permanent bench mark
▪ Description on the geology of the area
▪ A brief discussion of field drilling and sampling procedures and equipment used
▪ Boring Log graph
▪ Description of laboratory test performed and test results
▪ Summary of soil properties obtained from various test required for the site preparation
and foundation design.
▪ Seismic hazard assessment report
▪ Land subsidence assessment report
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If required, we can also provide discussion and recommendations with respect to:
▪ Recommendation and discussion for site preparation including road and site grading
▪ Recommendation on foundation types and depths of deep and shallow foundation
▪ Allowable bearing capacity at various recommended depth for spread foundation.
Allowable bearing capacity indicated as being gross of net values, allowable passive
and active pressure to resist horizontal loads.
▪ Dynamic loading properties for dynamic analysis of foundations subject to vibratory
loading (machine foundation) including dynamic shear modulus “G”, dynamic
Young modulus “E”, Poisson’s ration“µ”, damping factor “D” and bulk density “ρ”.
▪ Allowable capacities of deep foundations for downward, uplift and horizontal loads.
Plots of depth versus pile capacity for various pile diameters will be provided. The
effect of group action will also be provided.
▪ Load-settlement curve for recommended foundation types
▪ Difficulties in excavation at the site, if any
▪ Suitability of the soils to be used as fill materials
▪ Possibility of harmful sulfate attack on concrete below and advisability of the use
sulfate resistant portland cement
▪ Soil resistivity data
▪ Potential of soil liquefaction
▪ Slope stability recommendation
▪ Ground Improvement Recommendation
▪ And any others topics as required by the Client
Engineering analysis for foundations will be performed based on field and laboratory test
data encountered. Previous soil data, if available, will also be reviewed for these analyses. The
engineering analysis will be performed using the following relevant geotechnical softwares:
▪ PLAXIS (Bentley System), a finite element method program for analyzing almost
any cases related with geotechnical construction and structures including slope
stability analysis, soil deformation, consolidation settlement, shallow foundation and
bearing capacity, pile group analysis, seepage analysis, sheet pile analysis, stability
of sheet pile, soil improvement, etc.
▪ A-PILE, L-PILE, SHAFT (Ensoft, Inc.) for driven precast piles and cast-insitu
concrete bored piles axial and lateral loads capacity analysis
▪ gINT Professional Plus (Bentley System) for preparing boring logs and subsurface
cross sections
▪ GROUP (Ensoft, Inc.) for pile group design analysis
▪ GRLWEAP (Pile Dynamics, Inc.) for pile drivability analysis to determine the
suitability of driving system. The analysis may include the simulation of the pile
response to pile driving equipment, calculates driving resistance, dynamic pile
stresses and estimated capacity based on filed observed blow count, determines pile
drivability and estimates total driving time
▪ PEYSANJ (Novo Software, Inc.) for computing shallow footing bearing capacity and
settlement
▪ Liquefy Pro to determine liquefaction susceptible of the sand layers if any
▪ DC Vibro for analyzing settlement with soil improvement by vibrocompaction (stone
columns)
Page 29 of 30

7 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR SAFETY WORK

Employees of PT. SOILENS who work in this Project environment must comply with
the rules, and are willing to fulfill all requirements arising from the existence of these regulations.
The contractor is fully responsible for providing the necessary facilities and infrastructure, as
calculated in the cost of the project / contract. The detail for HSE Plan and Emergency Response
will be explained in the HSE Security Document.
Page 30 of 30

PT SOILENS - Methodology of Geotechnical Survey Works

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Soilens Proposal No.

SOIL INVESTIGATION WORK METHODOLOGY

WORK METHODOLOGY OF GEOTECHNICAL SURVEY

PT Soilens | Jalan P. H. Hasan Mustafa No. 41 | Bandung 40124 | soilens@soilens.com

PT Soilens | Jalan P. H. Hasan Mustafa No. 41 | Bandung 40124 | soilens@soilens.com

7 GENERAL REQUIREMENTS FOR SAFETY WORK ...................................................... 30

PT Soilens | Jalan P. H. Hasan Mustafa No. 41 | Bandung 40124 | soilens@soilens.com

PT Soilens | Jalan P. H. Hasan Mustafa No. 41 | Bandung 40124 | soilens@soilens.com

▪ Standard Penetration Test/SPT at every 2-m intervals

▪ Collecting undisturbed samples using hydraulically operated Fixed Piston sampler

▪ Soil Classification Test

2.2 Work Activities Upon Received of Signed Contract

PT Soilens | Jalan P. H. Hasan Mustafa No. 41 | Bandung 40124 | soilens@soilens.com

2.3 Execution Plan

2.3.1 Material and Field Equipment

PT Soilens | Jalan P. H. Hasan Mustafa No. 41 | Bandung 40124 | soilens@soilens.com

Photographs of our in-house built drill rigs

Table 3 The list of personnel and Equipment

2.3.2 Laboratory Work

2.3.3 Drilling Work Area Layout

PT Soilens | Jalan P. H. Hasan Mustafa No. 41 | Bandung 40124 | soilens@soilens.com

PT Soilens | Jalan P. H. Hasan Mustafa No. 41 | Bandung 40124 | soilens@soilens.com

3 ORGANIZATION CHART AND RESPONSIBILITIES

3.1 Organization Chart

Figure 1 Organization Chart

3.2.1 Quality Control (QC)/Quality Assurance (QA)

PT Soilens | Jalan P. H. Hasan Mustafa No. 41 | Bandung 40124 | soilens@soilens.com

3.2.2 Project Staffing

c. Field Team Leader

▪ To coordinate preliminary site survey and approach to local authority including

▪ To perform geotechnical drilling by continuous coring, SPT, collecting undisturbed

PT Soilens | Jalan P. H. Hasan Mustafa No. 41 | Bandung 40124 | soilens@soilens.com

e. Laboratory Technician (Laboratory)

f. Data Processing (Site and Office)

g. Geotechnical Engineer (Office)

i. Safety Representative (Field)

PT Soilens | Jalan P. H. Hasan Mustafa No. 41 | Bandung 40124 | soilens@soilens.com

4.1 Geotechnical Drilling

Drilling without flushing water for

PT Soilens | Jalan P. H. Hasan Mustafa No. 41 | Bandung 40124 | soilens@soilens.com

4.1.2 Standard Penetration Test (SPT)

PT Soilens | Jalan P. H. Hasan Mustafa No. 41 | Bandung 40124 | soilens@soilens.com

SPT-MAN Tools (SPT Hammer Energy Analyser)

4.1.3 Undisturbed Sampling

PT Soilens | Jalan P. H. Hasan Mustafa No. 41 | Bandung 40124 | soilens@soilens.com

The soil sample in the tube will be carefully squared at

4.1.3.1 Sample Handling

PT Soilens | Jalan P. H. Hasan Mustafa No. 41 | Bandung 40124 | soilens@soilens.com

PT Soilens | Jalan P. H. Hasan Mustafa No. 41 | Bandung 40124 | soilens@soilens.com

4.1.3.2 Thin Walled Shelby Tube

Thin walled Shelby tube

PT Soilens | Jalan P. H. Hasan Mustafa No. 41 | Bandung 40124 | soilens@soilens.com

4.1.3.3 Pocket Penetrometer

4.1.3.4 Fixed Piston Sampler

Fixed Piston Samplers

PT Soilens | Jalan P. H. Hasan Mustafa No. 41 | Bandung 40124 | soilens@soilens.com

PISTON SAMPLING PROCEDURE AND SAMPLE HANDLING

PT Soilens | Jalan P. H. Hasan Mustafa No. 41 | Bandung 40124 | soilens@soilens.com

4.1.4 Ground Water Level Observation

▪ Before the drilling commenced in the

4.1.5 Boring Log

▪ Name of Contractor, driller and supervisor

PT Soilens | Jalan P. H. Hasan Mustafa No. 41 | Bandung 40124 | soilens@soilens.com