Campfire

Cookbook

Name(s)
Date of Adventure
 Campfire Cookbook

Contents

1 The Science of Fire 3

2 How to Build a Campfire 5

3 Fire Safety 9

Recipes:

4 Marshmallow S’mores 11

5 Bread on a Stick 12

6 Vegetarian Kebabs 13

7 Egg Muffins 14

8 Pizza Cones 15

9 Foil Hot Dogs 16

10 Campfire Nachos 17

11 Popcorn 18

12 Baked Apples 19

13 Banana Boats 20

14 Chocolate Orange Cake 21

15 Vegan Lemon Cake 22

We hope you find the information on our website and resources useful. The activities set out in this resource are potentially hazardous.
The activities are not suitable for all children and adult supervision may be required for some of the activities. It is your responsibility
to assess whether the children in your care are able to safely carry out the activities and whether the children require adult supervision.
You are responsible for carrying out proper risk assessments on the activities and for ensuring that activities can be carried out safely.
We are not responsible for the health and safety of your group or environment so, insofar as it is possible under the law, we cannot
accept liability for any loss suffered by anyone undertaking the activity or activities referred to or described in this resource. It is also
your responsibility to ensure that those participating in the activity are fit enough to do so and that you or the organisation you are
organising for has the relevant insurance to carry out the physical activity. If you are unsure in any way, we recommend that you take
guidance from a suitably qualified professional.

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 Campfire Cookbook

The Science of Fire

What Is Fire?
Fire is the result of a chemical reaction called combustion.

Oxygen is a gas that is a part of the air we breathe. Combustion happens when oxygen
combines with another substance provided in the fuel. This chemical reaction creates energy
in the form of heat. Fuels can be solids, liquids or gases. The fuel must be heated to a high
temperature - called the ignition point - in order for it to combust. Different types of fuel have
different ignition points.

When the combustible substances

inside the fuel reach the ignition
temperature, the compound
molecules break apart into separate
atoms. These atoms then react with
the oxygen in the air to form water,
Oxygen Heat
carbon dioxide and other products -
in other words, they burn.

Combustion will keep going as long as

there is enough heat, fuel and oxygen
for the chemical reaction to occur.
This is known as the fire triangle.

Fuel

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 Campfire Cookbook

As gases are pushed up into the air by the heat, they emit (that means they give out) light.
This is called incandescence and it is what causes the flame. This is how light is created in
a light bulb! A flame’s colour varies depending on what fuel is being burned and how hot
the temperature of the flame is. The hottest part of the flame - at the bottom closest to the
fuel - glows white or blue. The cooler part - at the top of the flame - glows orange, yellow
or red. In wood fires, the flame colours also come from the substances burning within the
fire, as well as the temperature. Fierce orange flames are due to the burning of sodium; red
flames are produced by the burning of lithium; and green or blue comes from the burning
of copper compounds.

Smoke is also created when different gases are pushed up from

the flames by the heat. Smoke is made up of various
compounds of hydrogen, carbon and oxygen.

When wood burns, the rest of the fuel left in the

fire forms char (which is nearly pure carbon).
This is mixed with ash, which is made up
of all the minerals in the fuel that cannot
combust, such as calcium and potassium.

Charcoal is wood that has been heated to

turn it into almost pure carbon. A charcoal
fire burns with no smoke because there are
no volatile gases released when it burns.
The carbon in the char combines with
oxygen, but this is a slow reaction. This is
why charcoal in a fire can burn for a long
time and why it works well as a fuel for
cooking food.

A fuel, such as gasoline, burns very quickly and does not

produce any char. It produces an extremely hot reaction
but only for a short period of time, so even though it
produces a lot of heat, fuel is not good for using on
campfires.

Soot is made from carbon particles that have collected

on the surface after they have been pushed up from the
fire by the heat and is created by incomplete combustion.

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 Campfire Cookbook

How to Build a Campfire

Step One - Choose a Spot

Check the weather forecast. You should not have a campfire if it is going to be very windy or
wet. If it is windy, the flames and smoke could blow in unpredictable directions and the fire
could get out of control. If it is very wet, the water will probably put out your fire and you
will be disappointed.

In order to have a campfire in the UK,

you must first make sure that you have
permission from the person who owns the
land. Many campsites, national parks and
forests open to the public will have their
own rules and regulations about campfires,
so it is important to check this information
before deciding to light a campfire. Unless
you live in an area with specific laws
preventing fires, householders are generally
free to have barbecues, firepits and bonfires
in their own gardens. If you are lighting a
fire in your garden, it is a good idea to speak
to your neighbours first, to warn them. Find a flat, open area for your fire. There
should be as few plants and trees around
as possible. You should also avoid lighting
a fire near any low-hanging branches. If
possible, find a fire pit that someone has
already used before, to avoid destroying any
more soil than is necessary. Ideally, fires
should be constructed on bare dirt.

You must not choose a spot close to a road

where the smoke could blow into the traffic
and stop drivers from being able to see
clearly. It is against the law to have smoke
drift onto a public highway and you could
be fined thousands of pounds if this were
to happen.

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 Campfire Cookbook

Step Two - Build a Pit

Clear the area around the site where you would like to build
your campfire. Remove any loose grass, twigs, leaves and
rubbish. You should clear an area of at least three metres
in diameter - using your campfire as the centre.

Dig a large, circular dent into the ground. The centre

of the circle should be the lowest point, allowing
for fire control and also to contain the ashes after
the fire.

Line the pit you have dug with a circle of large or

medium-sized, dry stones. This will help to contain the
fire inside the boundary.

Step Three - Gather Firewood

You will need three different types of wood
to build your campfire:

• tinder - small twigs, dry leaves, loose

bundles of grass and pine needles

• kindling - small sticks, less than two

centimetres in diameter

• firewood - larger pieces of wood,

ideally larger than the length and width
of your arm

Keep this firewood stacked away from

the fire, in the opposite direction to
where the wind is blowing.
Always gather wood that has already fallen to
the ground. Do not pull branches off living trees
as this will not only damage the vegetation
and disturb birds and nesting wildlife, but
living materials will be too wet to properly
burn. Collect wood from the local area. Do not
bring wood with you from far away, because it
could contain insects and plant seeds that are
not native to the area. This could disrupt the
ecology (existing wildlife) in that location.

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 Campfire Cookbook

Step Four - Build the Campfire

Place tinder in the centre of your firepit. Pile the material loosely so that oxygen can circulate
around it. If packed too tightly, not enough oxygen will enter to allow the materials to burn.

Carefully arrange the kindling around and above the tinder. There are several different ways
you can arrange your fire, depending on what you would like to use the fire for.

1. Teepee or Cone 2. Crisscross

Lean the branches of kindling against
each other so they are over the tinder,
as if you are building a tent. Add several
layers, making sure you don’t pack the
branches too tightly and stop the air from
circulating. You should be able to see spaces
between the branches and see the tinder in
the centre of the stack. Light your fire from
below and gently blow to encourage the fire
to start. Once the fire is burning strongly,
the temperature will increase, then you can
begin to add the larger logs a few at a time
from your firewood pile.
Lay a kindling branch flat above the tinder,
and then lay another to create a cross
shape. Keep crossing the branches, building
up several layers, making sure not to pack
the branches too tightly and prevent air
from circulating. As with the cone shape,
you should be able to see spaces between
the branches and see the tinder in the
centre. You can make the layers become
narrower as you build. On top you can lay
more tinder ready to light. Once the fire is
burning strongly, you can begin to add the
larger logs from your firewood pile.

This shape is the best for cooking food. This shape is best for building a long-
lasting fire.

Step Five - Ignite the Campfire

If you have permission from an adult, light the tinder with a match or a gas lighter. Discard
the match in the fire once it has been lit, rather than leaving it on the ground, in case it ignites
loose tinder.

As the fire begins to take hold, add more tinder and blow lightly at the base of the fire to push
more air into the spaces between the wood and to help the fire grow.

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 Campfire Cookbook

Step Six - Maintain the Fire

Continue to add more kindling and firewood
when you see the wood begin to break up into
ash in order to keep the fire going.

Do not add too much fuel at once and always

make sure to keep the fire under control.

Never leave the fire unattended.

Step Seven - Put Out the Fire

If possible, allow the wood to burn completely to ash BEFORE you are ready to leave.

Pour lots of water on the fire and stir the ashes

with a shovel to make sure everything is soaked
through - keep going until you no longer hear
a hissing sound. Once it no longer hisses, it
means it is no longer hot enough to turn the
water into steam.

Add extra soil and dirt on top of the fire to help

put it out.

You must not leave the fire until you are sure that it is completely out. You should be able to
touch it with your fingers and it should feel cold to the touch before you leave it unattended.

Be environmentally friendly by restoring

the ground around your camp to the
condition you found it in as much as is
practically possible.

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 Campfire Cookbook

Fire Safety
Archaeological records show that humans have been playing with fire for over a million years,
even before homo erectus (our hominid ancestor) evolved into homo sapiens (modern humans).
Civilisation would not be possible without fire. Campfires kept people warm and kept wild
animals away. Fire has lit the way at night, provided heat, created light such as in caves, and
has been used to cook food. People gathered in groups around fires and developed socially and
shared their different cultures.

As technology developed, people began to However, while fire has been fundamentally
use fire in new and different ways. They important to humans for many centuries,
burned vegetation to clear land for farming. it is also extremely dangerous and must be
They used fire to make pottery from clay. treated with caution.
By about 3500 BC, people were using fire
to heat and shape metals to make tools and
weapons. People eventually learned to use
fire to make steam, rubber and bricks.

When planning to build a campfire, always follow these safety points.

1) 1. Keep a bucket of water nearby to extinguish the fire.

2) 2. Only build a fire when the weather conditions are favourable. Never build a
campfire during very dry or windy conditions, as the flames could easily get out of
control and lead to devastating wildfires.

3) 3. Burn your fuel in small amounts to minimise the volume of smoke made and keep
the fire manageable. ‘Feed’ your fire little and often.

4) 4. Look out for (and remove) any extra wood, overhanging branches, dead grass or
anything that might add too much fuel to the fire, resulting in it spreading or
growing beyond your control.

5) 5. Never burn toxic materials such as plastic, as it can produce poisonous fumes.
6) 6. Never use accelerants, such as gasoline, on the flames to boost your fire.
7) 7. Make sure the fire is cold before you leave. Never leave glowing embers or
a part-extinguished fire unattended, as these could re-ignite.

8) 8. Always check you have permission or supervision from a responsible

adult before doing anything with fire.

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 Campfire Cookbook

Recipes
We hope you find this resource useful. These recipes are intended as general guide only and involve the use of knives, hot water and kitchen appliances
which use considerable heat. It is your responsibility to assess risks and ensure the activity is safe for those participating. We will not be held responsible
for the health and safety of those participating and cannot accept any liability. It is also your responsibility to ensure you are fully aware of the allergies
and health conditions of anyone making or consuming these products – noting potential allergens included in the ingredients.

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 Marshmallow S’mores
You are going to learn how to make a well-known American camping snack called s’mores.
S’more means ‘some more’ (which you will want after trying these)!

They are often cooked on campfires.

You will need:

• digestive biscuits or similar plain biscuits

• large marshmallows

• chocolate (not cooking chocolate)

• tinfoil

• stainless steel kitchen tongs

• plate

• a campfire / barbecue

What to do:
1. Before you handle food, it is important to wash your hands carefully.

2. Ask an adult to help you prepare the fire or barbecue. It is important that you have adult
supervision.

3. Place two squares of chocolate on top of a digestive biscuit. Add a marshmallow and then
top it with another digestive biscuit.

4. Wrap the food in tinfoil.

5. Using the tongs, pick up the s’more. Make sure the s’more is at the very end of the tongs so
you are as far away from the heat as possible.

6. Hold the s’more over the heat for about one minute.

7. Take the s’more off the heat and carefully place on a plate.

8. Leave the s’more to cool down for at least a minute.

9. Unwrap your s’more and enjoy!

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 Bread on a Stick
Traditionally cooked on a stick over a campfire, damper bread is simple to make. It has
different names in different countries: in Scotland it is known as bannock; in Denmark it is
called Snobrød and is associated with the concept of ‘hygge’ - a feeling of contentment and
connection.

You will need: • 175ml milk, or any dairy-free milk

• 250g self-raising flour substitute for a vegan recipe

• ½ tsp salt • mixing bowl

• 25g unsalted butter or margarine • freshly cut, green sticks

approximately 1.5m long
• 1 tbsp sugar

What to do:
1. Before you handle food, it is important to
carefully wash your hands.
2. Ask an adult to help you prepare the
fire. It is important that you have adult
supervision when you are working
with fire.
3. Mix the flour, salt and sugar together in a
large mixing bowl.
4. Add the butter or margarine to the bowl,
rub the ingredients together to form a
thick paste.
5. Slowly add the milk, adding a little
bit at a time, stirring and mixing with
your hands until you have a dough
consistency.
6. Roll the bread dough into long
sausage shapes.
7. Wrap the bread dough around the end of
the sticks and pinch the end to secure it.
8. Hold the bread dough over the fire, using
your long sticks, taking care not to put
your hand too close to the flames.
9. Cook the bread, taking care to turn the
stick over so that all sides are evenly
baked, until the dough has risen slightly
and the bread is a golden brown colour.
10. Enjoy your damper bread. It can be eaten
directly from the stick (take care it is not
too hot though), or torn off and perhaps
dipped in jam or honey for a sweet
treat. Yum!
Top tip - experiment with different flavours
by adding additional ingredients to the
dough mixture, such as oregano, rosemary,
thyme, garlic, cinnamon, nutmeg, a handful
of cheese or whatever you like!

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 Vegetarian Kebabs

You will need: • pineapple • chopping board

• cherry tomatoes
• courgette • vegetable knife
• red, orange, yellow and
• red onion • skewers
green bell peppers
• olive oil
• summer squash
• mixed herbs (optional)
• aubergine
• barbecue or campfire
• mushrooms
grill grate

What to do:
1. Before you handle food, it is important to
carefully wash your hands.
2. Ask an adult to help you prepare the fire
or barbecue. It is important that you
have adult supervision when you are
working with fire.
3. Choose and prepare your favourite
vegetables by cutting them up into cubes
or kebab-sized chunks.
4. Thread the vegetables onto a skewer. The
more colourful your kebab is, the tastier
and healthier it can be!
5. Drizzle a little olive oil over each kebab
and sprinkle with a few herbs, if desired.
6. Place the kebabs on the campfire grate Top tip - this recipe is perfect for you to
and grill the vegetables, turning regularly get creative. Feel free to experiment with
for about 10 minutes. different combinations of vegetables, fruits
or add some meat if you wish. Drizzle with
7. Enjoy your vegetarian kebabs! marinades or spices. Dip the grilled vegetables
into sauces to create any flavour you like!

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 Egg Muffins

You will need: • salt and pepper

• eggs
• cooking oil or spray
• grated cheese
• muffin tin
• ham (chopped)
• barbecue or campfire grill grate

What to do:
1. Before you handle food, it is important to
carefully wash your hands.
2. Ask an adult to help you prepare the fire
or barbecue. It is important that you
have adult supervision when you are
working with fire.
3. Grease the holes of the muffin tin with
the oil or cooking spray.
4. Crack an egg into each of the holes of the
muffin tin and discard the shells.
5. Sprinkle the grated cheese and cut ham
on top of the eggs.
6. Season with salt and pepper or other
herbs and spices, if desired.
7. Place the muffin tin on the barbecue
or the campfire grate until the egg is
cooked through.
8. Enjoy your muffins either on their own,
on toast, or as part of a full English
breakfast!

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 Pizza Cones
These can be a simple and delicious snack or add extra toppings and serve it as the evening meal!

You will need: • campfire or camping stove

• tortilla wraps (small ones can work really
• plate or chopping board to
well for little ones)
prepare them on
• pizza sauce
• cocktail sticks
• cheese (buy it grated to make this
• spoon
super simple!)
• tin foil
• pizza toppings (you can choose and
experiment with what works well) • plate and cutlery for eating

What to do:
1. Prepare your campfire or camping stove (or whatever heat source
you are using to cook).

2. Take your tortilla and wrap it into a cone shape, making sure there
is no hole at the bottom.

3. Secure the flap using a cocktail stick, to hold your cone in place.

4. Add your ingredients. It can work well adding the sauce and
carefully spreading it around using a spoon (don’t add too
much sauce). Then add some cheese and some toppings.
Finally, add some cheese to the top of your cone to seal it.

5. Wrap your pizza cone in foil. Try not to squeeze it too much
so you don’t lose all of your ingredients.

6. Place it onto the fire (preferably upright) and cook for between 5
and 10 minutes, depending on how hot your heat source is.

7. You can carefully unwrap your pizza cone

to see if it’s ready.
If not, rewrap and cook some more.
8. You now have a tasty and messy
snack to enjoy!
Top Tip - If you are using anything like
salami or ham as a topping, it can work
well to put a couple of pieces into the bottom
of your cone first to seal it some more and
prevent any ingredients escaping!

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 Foil Hot Dogs
These can be a simple and delicious snack or add extra toppings and serve it as the evening meal!

You will need: • chopping board

• hot dogs • knife
• puff pastry (for this, buy ready-made and • long wooden stick/skewer
ready-rolled puff pastry)
• foil
• any sauces or sides
• plate and cutlery for eating
• campfire or camping stove

What to do:
1. Prepare your campfire or camping stove (or whatever heat
source you are using to cook).

2. Open your puff pastry and unroll it. If you’re not using pre-
rolled puff pastry, you will have to roll it out here to your desired thickness.

3. Slice your pastry along the short side in strips about 2 - 3cm wide. You can experiment
with your preferred size here.

4. Stick a hot dog onto each wooden skewer so that the skewer goes lengthways, about ¾
way through your hot dog.

5. Carefully wrap the strip of pastry around the hot dog, spiralling it round from one end to
the other. Your spiral should overlap so there are no gaps.

6. Wrap your hot dogs loosely in foil.

7. Cook it over the fire, turning the stick

occasionally.
8. Depending on the heat of your fire, it can take
15 - 20 minutes to cook through.
9. Unwrap your hot dog to check it’s cooked.
10. Serve with ketchup, mustard, cheese, salad,
crispy onions or plain. Get creative here!
Top Tip - To save little hands going
near the fire or achy arms holding the
hot dogs, you can use a foil tray or
suitable pan over the fire. However,
this may affect cooking times so keep
an eye that they’re not too close to the
flame and keep checking for when they
are cooked through.

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 Campfire Nachos
These can be a simple and delicious snack or add extra toppings and serve it as the evening meal!

You will need:
• tortilla chips
• From here, the choice of
toppings is completely
up to you.
• campfire or camping stove
• foil tray (alternatively, • tin opener (if using any
use an appropriate tray or tinned items without a
cooking pan) ring pull)
• chopping board • plate and cutlery for eating
• knife
Here are some topping ideas:
• grater

The Classic: Keep it traditional and top
with beans (black beans or kidney beans
work well), salsa and cheese. Once cooked,
serve with dollops of guacamole and
sour cream.
The Hearty One: Top your nachos with
some cooked chilli con carne and cheese.
Serve with some sour cream and guacamole.
Warning: this one can get messy!

The Spicy One: Add various cold meats
(ham, salami, chorizo), chop up some
tomatoes and peppers, add some salsa
and top with cheese. To add a bit more
heat, add chilli peppers or even jalapenos!
The Veggie One: Add salsa, chopped up
veggies, a drained tin of sweetcorn, beans
and some olives. Top with cheese and melt
away! To make this vegan, use vegan cheese
or no cheese at all.

What to do: 5. Cook over your heat source until

1. Make sure your heat source (campfire,
camping stove, etc.) is prepped and
ready to go.
2. Line your tin foil tray with the tortilla chips.
3. Prepare your toppings. This might include:
chopping veggies, opening tins, grating
cheese, etc.
4. Add your toppings to your tortilla chips.
Depending on what you are adding, some of
your toppings may be better added towards
the end or served cold as a dip.
warm and the cheese melted (if
using). The cooking time can depend
on how warm your heat source
is and what toppings you have
included.
Top tip - To make this super simple
and easy to do, prepare your toppings
in advance. Chop and cook veggies
(if desired), prepare a chilli topping
(if using) and even buy grated cheese to
save time and hassle!

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 Popcorn
You will need:
• 2 tbsp unpopped popcorn kernels
• 2 tbsp cooking oil
• salt and pepper (optional)
What to do:
1. Before you handle food, it is important to
carefully wash your hands.
2. Ask an adult to help you prepare the fire
or barbecue. It is important that you have
adult supervision when you are working
with fire.
3. Cut a 45cm square of aluminium foil.
Fold it in half and open out flat again
so that you can see the crease of the
halfway fold.
4. Put the oil in the centre of one half
of the foil.
5. Put the popcorn kernels in the oil, moving
them around so that all the kernels are
coated in oil.
6. Add salt, pepper or other seasonings to
create whatever flavour you want.
7. Fold the aluminium foil over in half again
with the kernels and oil inside.
8. Carefully fold over 1cm all around the
edge of the rectangle to create a secure
packet with the kernels inside. Fold this
folded edge over on itself another time to
make sure that the edges of the package
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• heavy duty aluminium foil
• scissors or sharp knife
• long stick, toasting fork or tongs
are secure, but also with plenty of space
for the kernels to move around and
expand inside.
9. Push your stick or toasting fork through
the top of the aluminium foil package, so
that it can be lifted into the air. Use your
stick, toasting fork or a pair of tongs to
suspend the package over the fire.
10. Cook the popcorn package, shaking the
package regularly until you can hear
the corn popping inside the foil, but be
careful not to shake too vigorously; the
foil could tear causing the package to fall
off into the fire!
11. When you can no longer hear any
popping noises, your popcorn is ready.
Set the package aside to cool down for a
few minutes before opening it. Beware of
hot steam escaping when you open the
foil. Enjoy eating your popcorn!
Top tip - experiment with different flavours
of popcorn by adding herbs and spices like
cinnamon, chilli flakes, garlic or nutmeg.
Or, if you prefer sweet popcorn, add some
honey, syrup or sugar!
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 Baked Apples

You will need:
• 6 apples
• 3 tbsp cooking oil or spray
• 3 tbsp brown sugar
• 4 tbsp berries or dried fruit
• 3 tbsp honey or syrup
(optional)
• 4 tbsp chopped walnuts, • sharp knife or apple corer
almonds or mixed nuts
• teaspoon
(optional - if omitting,
increase the amount • heavy duty aluminium foil
of berries or dried
• tongs
fruit instead)
• 1 tsp cinnamon
• mixing bowl

What to do: 6. Use a teaspoon to stuff each of the

1. Before you handle food, it is important
to carefully wash your hands.
2. Ask an adult to help you prepare the fire
or barbecue. It is important that you
have adult supervision when you are
working with fire. For this recipe, the
fire needs to no longer be flaming, but
be reduced down to glowing embers/
hot coals.
3. Use a sharp knife or apple corer to
remove the cores from the apples. Leave
a bit of skin at the bottom of the apple
10. Use tongs to carefully remove the apples
core intact. Create a ‘well’ in the centre
of each apple, not quite all the way to
the bottom.
apples with the filling you have made.
7. Wrap each stuffed apple in aluminium
foil, twisting the extra foil together at
the top to create a handle.
8. Use tongs to place the wrapped apples
among the glowing embers of the fire
to cook. Alternatively, you can place
them on a campfire grate or in a pan
above the fire.
9. Cook the apples for 5 - 10 minutes, or
until softened.
from the fire.
11. Set aside to cool for a few minutes.

4. Put the berries, fruit, nuts, brown sugar, 12. Unwrap the foil and enjoy your tasty,
honey/syrup and cinnamon in a mixing sweet dessert!
bowl and stir them all together. This will
create the filling for your baked apples.
5. Lightly grease the outside of each apple
with some cooking oil or spray. This will
stop the aluminium foil from sticking to
the apple skin when cooked.

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 Banana Boats
What to do:
You will need:
1. Prepare your campfire or camping stove
• bananas
(or whatever heat source you are using
• chocolate chips (your choice of white, to cook).
milk or dark)
2. Adult job: Cut a slit lengthwise down the
• mini marshmallows banana from top to bottom. Do this on a
surface, not your hand. Don’t cut all the
• campfire or camping stove
way through.
• foil
3. Pull the slit open slightly being careful not
• knife to tear it completely open.

• plates/cutlery for eating 4. Carefully stuff chocolate chips and

marshmallows inside the slit. You won’t fit
many and this can get a bit messy!

5. Push the opening in your banana back

together (as much as it will go) and wrap
it tightly in foil.

6. Place your foil wrapped banana on

your campfire or camping stove for
approximately 4 minutes on each side.
The exact length of time can depend on
how hot your heat source is.

7. Once the chocolate and marshmallows are

melted, remove your banana boat from the
fire and let it cool for a few minutes.

8. Unwrap it, grab a spoon and dig in!

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 Chocolate Orange Cake

You will need: • 1 tbsp cocoa powder • spoon

• 120g plain flour
• 2 tsp baking powder • mixing bowl
• 100g butter or margarine
• 80ml milk • heavy-duty aluminium foil
• 100g sugar
• 6 oranges • tongs
• 1 egg
• knife

What to do: 7. Fill each orange skin shell halfway with

1. Before you handle food, it is important
to carefully wash your hands.
2. Ask an adult to help you prepare the
fire or barbecue. It is important that
you have adult supervision when you
are working with fire. For this recipe,
the fire should no longer be flaming,
but reduced down to glowing embers or
hot coals.
10. Bake the oranges for 10 minutes before
3. In a mixing bowl, mix the flour, butter
or margarine, baking powder, sugar and
cocoa powder.
4. Crack the egg into the bowl, add the
milk and stir the mixture together
thoroughly to create a cake mix.
Stir until the mixture is a smooth
consistency with no lumps.
5. Cut each orange in half and scrape the
flesh of the orange from the skin. Leave
the skin intact, as this will form the
container for the cake.
6. Squeeze the juice from the orange flesh
into the cake mixture and stir.
the cake mixture.
8. Wrap each filled orange shell with some
aluminium foil, taking care not to tip it
and spill the cake mixture.
9. Use tongs to place the wrapped oranges
among the glowing embers of the fire to
bake. Alternatively, you can place them on
a campfire grate or in a pan above the fire.
checking them. Check whether the cake is
ready by poking a knife into the centre of
the cake. The knife will come out clean if
the cake is ready, but if there is wet cake
mixture on the knife, it needs to cook on
the fire for a bit longer. The cakes may
need up to 20 minutes to cook fully.
11. When the cakes are done, use tongs to
remove them from the fire and set them
aside to cool.
12. The cakes will be very hot so you will need
to wait patiently for about 10 minutes
before tasting them. Tricky, I know!

Page 21 of 22 visit twinkl.com

 Vegan Lemon Cake
You will need: • 400ml milk substitute
• 400g self-raising flour (we recommend coconut
milk, but other milk
• 1 tsp bicarbonate of soda
substitutes will also work)
• 250g caster sugar
• 8 lemons
• 2 tbsp golden syrup
• knife
• 2 tsp ground ginger
What to do:
1. Before you handle food, it is important to
carefully wash your hands.
2. Ask an adult to help you prepare the fire
or barbecue. It is important that you have
adult supervision when you are working
with fire. For this recipe, the fire should no
longer be flaming, but be reduced down to
glowing embers/hot coals.
3. In a mixing bowl, mix the dry ingredients:
flour, sugar, bicarbonate of soda and ginger.
4. Add the milk substitute and syrup and
stir thoroughly to create a cake mix. Stir
until the mixture is a smooth consistency
with no lumps.
5. Cut each lemon in half and scrape the flesh
of the lemon to separate it from the skin.
Leave the skin intact, as this will form the
container for the cake.
6. Squeeze the juice from the lemon flesh into
the cake mixture and stir.
7. Fill each lemon skin shell halfway with the
cake mixture.
8. Wrap each filled lemon shell with some
aluminium foil, taking care not to tip it and
spill the cake mixture.
Page 22 of 22
• spoon
• mixing bowl
• heavy-duty
aluminium foil
• tongs
9. Use tongs to place the wrapped lemons
among the glowing embers of the fire to
bake. Alternatively, you can place them on a
campfire grate or in a pan above the fire.
10. Bake the lemons for 10 minutes before
checking them. Check whether the cake is
ready by poking a knife into the centre of the
cake. The knife will come out clean if the cake
is ready, but if there is wet cake mixture on
the knife, it needs to cook on the fire for a bit
longer. The cakes may need up to 20 minutes
to cook fully.
11. When the cakes are done, use tongs to remove
them from the fire and set them aside to cool.
12. The cakes will be very hot so you will need
to wait for about 10 minutes for them to cool
down before you eat them.
Top tip - spread some lemon curd or blackberry
jam on top of your lemon cakes to add some
extra zing. Experiment with different flavours
in your cake mix, substitute the ginger for
cinnamon, nutmeg or vanilla extract for a
different flavour. You could even substitute
some of the syrup for a splash of lemonade
and try thyme or basil for added tanginess!
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