SCIENCE 8

Name of Learner: __________________________________ Grade Level: ____________

Section: __________________________________________ Date: ____________________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

When Hotter, Faster or Slower?

Background Information for the Learner

Sound waves need a medium to be transmitted. The medium could be a solid, liquid or gas. Its
speed through the medium is affected by some factors. One of the factors is temperature. When sound
travels through dry air, its speed increases by 0.6 m/s per 1oC increase in temperature. The speed of
sound at a certain temperature in air can be computed using the formula: v = 331m/s + 0.6m/s/oC (T).
Where v is the speed of sound in air, 331 m/s is the speed of sound at 0 oC, 0.6m/s/oC is the increase in
speed of sound per oC increase in temperature, and T is the temperature of air. In your past lessons about
sound, you have learned that sound energy travels from one particle to another. As the temperature
increases, the particles vibrate faster resulting to more collisions per unit time. With more collisions per
unit time, sound energy is transferred more efficiently, and travel quickly.
In this activity, you will be investigating the effect of temperature to the speed of sound by doing
different activities.

Learning Competency and Code

Investigates the effect of temperature to speed of sound through fair testing (S8FE – Ie – 25)
 Activity 1. 3 Pics, 1 Concept
Directions: The diagram below shows the air temperature in some areas, and the speed of sound. Study the
diagram and answer the questions that follow.

Source: www.nde.ed.org/EducationResources/HighSchool/Sound/tempandspeed.html Questions:

1. What is the speed of sound at the lowest temperature given in the diagram?
_________________________________________________________________ 2.
What is the speed of sound at the highest temperature given in the diagram?
_________________________________________________________________
3. At what temperature where sound travels the slowest? _____________________ 4.
At what temperature where sound travels fastest? _________________________
5. How does temperature affect the speed of sound?
_________________________________________________________________
 Activity 2. Solve for v

: The table below shows some cities in the world and their recorded air temperature in a
certain time. Using the formula v = 331m/s + 0.6m/s/oC (T), calculate the speed of sound in each given
location. Record your answers in the table. Show your complete solution. Start with the given
quantities, required or unknown, formula, solution, and final answer. A rubric will be used to evaluate
your answers. Then, answer the questions that follow.

Table 1. Speed of sound in some cities in the world at different temperature

Location Temperature in ºC Speed (v) of sound in m/s

Sapporo, Japan -4

Madrid, Spain 6

Wuhan, China 15

Tuguegarao City, Philippines 40

Write your complete solutions here:

Sapporo, Japan Madrid, Spain

Given: Given:

Required: Required:

Formula: Formula:

Solution: Solution:

Answer: Answer:

3
 Wuhan, China Tuguegarao City, Philippines

Given: Given:

Required: Required:

Formula: Formula:

Solution: Solution:

Answer: Answer:

Questions:
1. a. What city is relatively the hottest? _________________________________________
b. What is the speed of sound in this city? _________________________________
c. Is it relatively the fastest? or slowest? ___________________________________
2. a. What city is relatively the coldest? _________________________________________
b. What is the speed of sound in this city? _________________________________
c. Is it relatively the fastest? or slowest? ___________________________________
3. What is the effect of temperature to the speed of sound in air? ______________________
________________________________________________________________________

Rubric for the problem solving:

5 4 3 2 1

Five parts, Four parts are Three parts are One or Two No part is
namely Given complete and complete and parts are properly written
quantity, properly written properly written complete and
Required or properly written
unknown,
Formula,
Solution, and
Final answer are
complete and
properly written.

Each quantity Each quantity Three or four One or two Quantities have
involved has involved has quantities have quantities have no unit of
correct unit of correct unit of correct unit of correct unit of measurement
measurement measurement measurement measurement

4
 Activity 3. Hotter, Faster

: Sound waves also travel through solid, and liquid like water. The table below shows the
speed of sound in water at different temperature. Study the data, and answer the questions that follow.

Table 2. Speed of sound in water at different temperature

Temperature in ºC Speed of Sound in water (m/s)

0 1402

20 1482

100 1543

Questions:
1. What happens to the speed of sound in water when the temperature increases?
__________________________________________________________________ 2.
What happens to the speed of sound in water when the temperature decreases?
__________________________________________________________________

3. Based on the table, what is the effect of temperature to the speed of sound in water?
___________________________________________________________________

5
6
 Activity 3. Hotter, Faster

: Sound waves also travel through solid, and liquid like water. The table below shows the
speed of sound in water at different temperature. Study the data, and answer the questions that follow.

Table 2. Speed of sound in water at different temperature

Temperature in ºC Speed of Sound in water (m/s)

0 1402

20 1482

100 1543

Questions:
1. What happens to the speed of sound in water when the temperature increases?
__________________________________________________________________ 2.
What happens to the speed of sound in water when the temperature decreases?
__________________________________________________________________

3. Based on the table, what is the effect of temperature to the speed of sound in water?
___________________________________________________________________

7
 Activity 4. #Relationship

: Given the data in Table 3 below, draw the graph properly and find out the relationship
between the Temperature and the Speed of Sound. A Rubric will be used to check your graph.

Table 3. Speed of sound at different temperature.

Temperature in oC (Dry Air) Speed of Sound in m/s

0 331

9 336

22 344

30 349

44 357

Relationship Between Temperature and Speed of Sound

Questions:
1. What is the shape of the graph?
_____________________________________________________________________
8
 2. How does temperature affect the speed of sound?
_____________________________________________________________________
3. How does the speed of sound related to the temperature of a medium?
_____________________________________________________________________
4. At what temperature where the particles of air vibrate the fastest? ________________ 5. At what
temperature where the particles of air vibrate the slowest? _______________ 6. Explain your answer
in number 4 and 5 briefly.
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________

7. At what condition where the speed of sound becomes zero? What is its possible implication?
____________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________

Rubric for the graph

5 4 3 2 1

Numbers in the X Numbers in the X Numbers in the X Numbers in Numbers in both

and Y axes are and Y axes are and Y axes are either X or Y X and Y axes are
properly scaled. properly scaled. properly scaled. axes are properly not properly
scaled. scaled.

5 data points are 4 data points are 3 data points are 2 data points are 1 or no data point
properly plotted. properly plotted. properly plotted. properly plotted. is properly
plotted.

Line that best fits Line that best fits Line that best fits A line is drawn No line is drawn
the data points is the data points is the data points is from one point to
properly drawn. properly drawn. properly drawn. another point.

Reflection:
1. I learned that _________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________________

2. I enjoyed most on _____________________________________________________

____ ____________________________________________________________________

3. I want to learn more on _________________________________________________

____ ____________________________________________________________________

9
 SCIENCE 8
Name of learner: ____________________ Grade level: _______________
Section: ___________________________ Date______________________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Colors of Light

Background Information for the Learners

Have you seen a rainbow? When can you see a rainbow?
A rainbow displays a unique band of colors. The colors we see are the result of
sunlight hitting water drops where reflection, refraction and dispersion forms a rainbow.
Water drops act as tiny prism separating sunlight into bands of colors. The colors of light
are distinguished from each other by their different wavelengths and frequencies. The colors
of light depend on their frequencies and wavelengths. Wavelength is the distance between
two identical adjacent points in a wave while frequency is the number of waves that pass a
fixed point in a unit time.
The wavelengths and frequencies of the colors of light vary. The higher the
frequency of the color of light, the greater is its energy. As the frequency of the color of light
increase, the energy also increases. Red has the least frequency with the least energy and
violet has the highest frequency and the highest energy. The spectral colors have the
following characteristics; frequency, wavelength and energy. The color of light with longer
wavelength travels slowly and has low frequency and energy. The color of light with shorter
wavelength travels faster and has higher frequency and energy.

Learning Competency and Code:

Explain the hierarchy of colors in relation to energy. (S8FE-If-27-28)

10
 Activity 1. Complete Me

Directions: Unscramble the word/s to get the correct term and fill the appropriate blanks to
complete the statements below.

itwhehltig deeps dgbinen

loroc repsidoin pmetsrcur

calticriganle flecnoiter velewagnth

lotatlanterniflecnoiter

1. Lights of different frequencies make up __________________.

2. ____________________band of colors obtained by dispersion of light.
3. Refraction is the _____________ of light when it travels from one medium to
another of different optical densities.
4. __________________________ the process of separating light into a band of
colors.
5. ______________________occurs when the angle of incidence is greater than the
critical angle.
6. _________________property of light waves which is dependent on the frequency
or wavelength of radiation that reaches the eye.
7. _______________________the angle of incidence in the denser medium resulting
in angle of refraction of 900.
8. ______________________property of light responsible for the formation of
colors.
9. The ________________ of the different colors changes as it passes through the
prism.
10. __________________ is the turning back of light when it hits a barrier.

11
 Activity 2. Who Am I?
Directions: The diagram below shows the separation of white light into different colors as it
hits the prism. Color the refracted rays. Then, answer the questions that follow.

1. What do you call the process of separating white light into its components?
__________________________________________________________________ __
2. Which color is bent the most? _______________________________________
3. Which color is bent the least? _________________________________________
4. What do you call the bond of colors produced? ___________________________
5. What are the component colors of a white light? ______________________
6. What name or code could you give according to the hierarchy of colors?
_______________________________________

Activity 3. Fact or Bluff

Directions: Study the illustrations of wavelengths below. Given the following color
descriptions, write Fact on the blank if it is true while Bluff if it is false.

VIOLET

RED

_________1. Violet has longer wavelength.

_________2. Red has shorter wavelength.

12
_________3. Violet and red have the same wavelengths.
_________4. Red has longer wavelength.
_________5. Violet has shorter wavelength.

Activity 4. Relate Me
Directions: Draw and color the rainbow with the corresponding bond of colors in relation
to its wavelength.

1. Which color represents the longest arc/ wavelength?

________________________
2. Which color represents the shortest arc/ wavelength?
________________________
3. What color appears at the top of the rainbow? Why?
________________________

___________________________________________________________________
4. What color appears at the bottom of the rainbow? Why?
______________________

13
 ___________________________________________________________________
_ 5. Explain how wavelength is related in the position of colors in a rainbow?
___________________________________________________________________
_
___________________________________________________________________
_

14
 Activity 5. Color Me

Directions: Color the spectrum wheel based on the given corresponding frequency,
wavelength and energy.

15
 Activity 6. Fill Me

Directions: Using the illustration of Color Wheel in Activity 5, fill out the table with
the corresponding wavelength, frequency and energy.

Table 1
Frequency Wavelength Energy

(Hz) (m) (eV)

Red

Orange

Yellow

Green

Blue

Violet

Activity 7. Compare Me

Directions: Study Table 1 to answer the questions below.

1. Compare the following color bonds using the descriptions (lower, higher, shorter,
and longer).
a. Red is _______________ in wavelength than violet.
b. Yellow is _______________ in energy than blue.
c. Violet is _______________ in frequency than red.
d. Red is _______________ in energy than violet.
e. Blue is _______________ in wavelength than red.

2. Which of the colors have the following characteristics?

a. Longest wavelength? ______________
b. Shortest wavelength? ______________
c. Lowest frequency? ________________
d. Highest frequency? _______________
e. Highest energy? __________________
f. Lowest energy? __________________

16
 Activity 8. Link Me
Directions: Use the illustration of electromagnetic spectrum in answering the questions that
follow.

https://www.miniphysics.com/electromagnetic-spectrum_25.html

1. Does the frequencies of the colors of light increase from red to violet?
___________
2. What did you observe about the wavelengths and frequencies of the colors of light?
__________________________________________________________________
3. How is frequency related to energy of colors of light?
_________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________
4. What did you observe about the corresponding energies from red to violet?
___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________________________________
5. How will you explain the heirarchy of colors in relation to energy?
___________________________________________________________________

Reflection:
1. I learned that _____________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
2. I enjoyed most on
______________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
__
___________________________________________________________________
__

17
 ___________________________________________________________________
__
___________________________________________________________________
__
3. I want to learn more on
__________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
__
___________________________________________________________________
__
___________________________________________________________________
__ References:
Campo, Pia C., et. al. 2003. Science – Grade 8. Learner’s Module. Pasig City. Department
of Education.

Rabago, Lilia M., Ph.D.,et.al. 2001. Science and Technology IV: Physics Textbook for Fourth

Year. Quezon City. Vibal Publishing House.

Sotto, R.L., et. al. 2003. Science in Today’s World: Physics. Manila: Rex Bookstore, Inc.

https://www.miniphysics.com/electromagnetic-spectrum_25.html

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ASEdGwpyn58&t=4s

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TvT3g8kU6SQ

SCIENCE 8
Name: ____________________ Grade Level: _________________
Date: _____________________ Score: ______________________

18
 LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Heat and Temperature

Background Information for Learners

Heat is often associated with temperature. In a typical life, one has to cook food using
wood or other fuels like LPG. Burning fuels generate heat. Heat generated, on the other
hand, is associated with increase in temperature. However, this is not always the case.
Though heat and temperature are related to each other, they are two different concepts. The
difference between these terms has something to do with the movement between atoms and
molecules – the kinetic energy of substances. The Kinetic Molecular Theory of matter
states that matter consists of particles that are constantly moving. Take into consideration
the Figure 1 below.

Temperature = 1000C Temperature =

1000C

Heat Heat

A B

Figure 1: Boiling a 500 ml of water (A) vs 100 ml of water (B)

Figure 1 above shows that regardless of the volume of water, the temperature of the
two set-ups remain the same upon reaching their boiling points. There are more water
molecules in beaker A containing 500 ml water, thus, requiring longer time for it to boil
than 100 ml of water in beaker B. The higher the number of water molecules, the higher also
is its heat /internal energy.

Temperature is the measure of hotness or coldness of a body and is measured by

the use of thermometer (Madriaga et. al, 2013).It is the average kinetic energy which indicates
the direction in which heat flows. Heat, on the other hand, is the energy that transfers from
19
a body of higher temperature to another body of lower temperature through molecular
collisions and cannot be directly measured. When heat is absorbed or given off by an object,
its temperature changes. If heat is added to an object, the particles of the object move faster
and the body’s temperature increases. If heat is transferred or removed from an object, the
particles move slower and the body’s temperature decreases. As the thermal energy of a
substance increases, its particles spread out and the substance expands in a process known
as thermal expansion. Almost all materials expand when heated and contract when cooled
(Padua et.al, 2010). Moreover, phase changes occur when heat is added to or removed from
an object. Different materials also have the ability to absorb or release heat that result in
temperature change. The amount of heat required by a material to increase its temperature
of one-unit mass of a given material by one Celsius degree or by one Kelvin is called specific
heat capacity (C). Padua et. Al, 2010).

Learning Competency and Code

Differentiate between heat and temperature at the molecular level. (S8FE-Ig-29)

20
 Activity 1: Word Hunt

Directions: Search the words being described in the sentences below. The answers may be
found horizontally, vertically or diagonally.
1. It is a thermal sensor that measures temperature.
2. A process when matter changes from state to another.
3. A measure of the warmth of an object or substance.
4. A measure of relatively low temperature of an object or substance.
5. The energy that is contained within a system that is responsible for its temperature.
6. Increase in the size of a material.
7. The decrease in the size of a material.

Source: Word Search Puzzle. Accessed June 8, 2020. Retrieved from

http://puzzlemaker.discoveryeducation.com/code/BuildWordSearch.asp

21
 Activity 2: Heat vs. Temperature

Directions: Choose the corresponding characteristics of heat and temperature on the choices
given below. Write the letter of the correct answer on the space provided.

A. It is a measure of hotness and coldness of a body.

B. It is a form of energy that flows from a hotter region to the cooler region.
C. It is measured in degree Celsius (oC), Fahrenheit (oF) or Kelvin (K).
D. It is measured in calories (cal) or Joules (J).
E. It depends on the speed of particles, the size and type of object.
F. It does not depend on the mass of the object.

Heat Temperature
Wh at are the
• __________________ _____________ ____
differences •
__________________ between Heat ____________ _____
and
• __________________ Temperature? ___________ ______
•
_____ _____________ __________ _______

• __________________ __________ _______

•
__________________ ___________ ______

Activity 3: Modified True or False

Directions: Write TRUE if the statement is correct. Write FALSE if the statement is wrong
and change the underlined word/s to make the statement correct. Write your answer on the
space provided.
___________________________ 1. Liquid expands when heated.
___________________________ 2. Thermal expansion applies to solid and liquid.
___________________________ 3. Materials take up more space when heated
___________________________ 4. Solid expands more than liquid when heated.
___________________________ 5. The particles of liquid move freely when heated.

___________________________ 6. Water expands when cooled.

___________________________ 7. Molecules move far each other during
contraction.

22
 ___________________________
___________________________
___________________________
8. Only the spaces between particles changes
during expansion and contraction.
9. Electrical wires could sag during hot days.
10. Tight bottle cap can easily open by putting it in
hot water.

Activity 4: Going Phase Change

Directions: Write the letter of the missing data on the graph below showing the phase change
of water. Choose your answer on the box. Then, answer the questions that follow.

A. vaporization D.
G. melting
B. E. ice
C. sublimation F.
liquid

Phase change of water as heat is added

Temperature

Heat Energy

Source: “Phase Change: Evaporation, Condensation, Freezing, Melting ...” Accessed June
4, 2020. https://spiral.ac/lesson-plan-ideas/clips/lessons/phase-change-
evaporationcondensation-freezing-melting-sublimation-deposition.

23
 1. What happens to the temperature and heat energy of a substance during a change
of state?
_______________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________

2. What happens when heat is added once the phase change is complete?
_________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

3. What can you infer about the relationship between phase change and heat energy?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________

Activity 5: Graph It Down

Directions: Analyze the data below of the temperature change of different substances in a
given time. Using the graph, plot the time in the x-axis vs the given values for each substance
in the y-axis. Then, connect the graph of each of the three substances. Create a line graph
for each substance below and answer the questions given. Use colored pen or crayon to
connect the graph following the color coding below:
Blue - water
Yellow- sand
Red - Iron

Time (minutes) Temperature of the Substances (oC)

Water Sand Iron
0 (initial) 25.0 oC 25 oC 25 oC
15mins 26.0oC 30oC 35 oC
30mins 27.5oC 35oC 45 oC
45mins 28.9 oC 40oC 55 oC
60mins 30.0 oC 45oC 65 oC
Source: “Specific Heat Worksheet Answers.” Homeschooldressage.com, February 25, 2018.
http://homeschooldressage.com/specific-heat-worksheet-answers/

A. Temperature vs. Heating Time Graph

24
 B. Answer the following questions:

1. What is the order of the substances based on the time required to heat from slowest
to fastest?
_________________________________________________________________________
__
_________________________________________________________________________
__
________________________________________________________________________

2. Which of these substances require more heat to increase in temperature?

_________________________________________________________________________
__
_________________________________________________________________________

3. Which substances require more time to increase in temperature?

_________________________________________________________________________
__
_________________________________________________________________________

25
 4. When you boil water using a pot on the stove, which heats faster, the iron pot or
the water? Explain your answer.
________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
5. When you go to the beach you noticed that the sand is hotter than water although
both are exposed under the heat of the sun. Why do you think this happens?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

6. Based on the graph, which of the three substances has the highest specific heat
capacity? Which substance has the lowest specific heat capacity?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________

Reflection:
4. I learned that __________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
5. I enjoyed most on
____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
6. I want to learn more on
___________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________
__________________________________________

26
 SCIENCE 8
Name of Learner: _______________________ Grade Level: _______________
Section: _______________________________ Score: ____________________

LEARNING ACTIVITY SHEET

Relationship between Voltage and Current

Background Information for Learners

Electricity is almost an indispensable part of our lives. Lighting, heating, transportation, and
communication are all dependent on it.
When you connect an electric fan to an outlet, you are assembling and using an electric
circuit. It consists of a source of electrical energy, connecting wires and a load.
The three electrical quantities are current, I measures in amperes(A), voltage, V
measures in volts(V) and resistance, R measures in ohms ( ).
In an electric circuit, the voltage is the work done in moving or pushing the charged
electrons (current) from one point to another in the circuit. The current in the circuit, on the
other hand, is responsible for illuminating the bulb or in rotating the electric fan as the case
maybe. The amount of current in the circuit is dependent upon the voltage applied. This
amount of current can be indicated by the intensity of brightness in the case of a lighted bulb.
Voltage, V is directly proportional to current, I,

that is V I or
V= kI
Where k, the proportionality constant, is the slope of the V vs I graph. This constant
k is equal to the resistance, R of the circuit, so
R = V/I
The unit of electrical resistance is defined as

R = volt (V)/ampere (A) or ohm ( )

1 = 1 V/A
The relationship between voltage, current and resistance is known as Ohm’s Law,
named after George Simo Ohm, who pioneered the study of such relation. Ohm’s law states

27
that current, I is directly proportional to the voltage, V and inversely proportional to the
resistance, R. In equation: I = V/R
Most electric circuits we see operate on more than one load called multiple load
circuits. For instance, when you turn on light in the dining room, lamps in your bedroom
remain unlighted, but if you remove one light bulb from Christmas bulbs, the other bulbs no
longer light.
Light bulbs in houses are connected differently from that of Christmas bulbs. The
connection of light bulbs at home is called parallel while the Christmas light bulbs is in
series.
A series connection has two or more loads but current flows through a single
conducting path while parallel connections has more than one path for current to flow. The
figure below shows the differences between series and parallel connections.

Fig.1: Series Connection Fig. 2: Parallel connection

Applying Ohm’s law for series and parallel connections consider these equations
below.
Series connections
IT = I1 = I2 = I3 …
VT = V1 + V2 + V3 +…
RT = R1 + R2 + R3 +…
Parallel connections

IT = I1 + I2 + I3 +…
VT = V1 = V2 = V3 …
_1_ = _1_ + _1_ + _1_
+…
RT R1 R2 R3
This learning activity sheet will help you understand more of the relationship between
voltage and current.

28
Learning Competency with code
Infer the relationship between current and voltage. (S8FE-Ig-30)

Activity 1: Voltage vs. Current

Directions: Complete the chart below to show comparison between voltage and current.
Voltage Current

Symbol

Unit

SI Unit

Definition

Relationship Voltage is the cause and current is

the effect. Voltage can exist without
current.

Measuring
Instrument

Field created An electrostatic field

In a series Current is the same through all

connection components connected in series.

29
 In a parallel
connection
Voltages are the same across all
components connected in parallel.

Activity 2: The Brighter, the Better

Study the circuit diagrams below showing identical bulbs connected to a circuit with
different number of batteries. Then, answer the questions that follow.
Figure 3.

Figure 4

.
Figure 5.

30
 1. Which configuration is the light brightest?
____________________________
2. Which configuration has the greatest amount of current?
_________________
3. Which configuration is the light dimmest or least bright?
_________________
4. Which configuration has the least amount of current?
___________________
5. If a single battery has a voltage of I.5 volts, what is the voltage of the circuit
in figure 1? _____________________
6. What is the total voltage of the circuit in figure 2?
______________________
7. What is the total voltage of the circuit in figure 3?
______________________

Activity 3. “Follow Me”, Relationship between Current and Voltage

The figure below is the Experimental Set-up for finding the relationship between voltage
and current. Analyze the data taken from the experiment and do the instructions that
follow.

31
 Fig. 6
Data taken from the experiment:

Table 1. Comparative Values of Voltage and Current at Fixed Resistance

Number of Voltage,V Current, I Voltage,V /Current, I
Dry cells
(Volts) (Ampere) (Volt/Ampere)

1 1.5 0.15

2 3.0 0.30

3 4.5 0.45

4 6.0 0.60

1. Fill-up the fourth column of the table by dividing voltage, V by current, I.

2. Using the graph below, plot the data of voltage, V against Current,I.

32
 3. Draw a line of best-fit using the plotted points.
4. Describe the graph? _________________________________________
5. What does the graph indicate? ________________________________
6. What becomes of current, I as the voltage, V is
increased?_______________
7. What becomes of current, I as the voltage, V is decreased? ___________
8. How will you describe the quotient when you divide voltage by current in
column 4 of Table 1?
9. What electrical quantity represents this in the circuit?

10. What can you infer/conclude about the relationship between voltage
and current for the same/constant load or resistor?

Activity 4: Oh My Ohm’s Law

Directions: Solve the following problems applying Ohm’s Law in the circuit. Show your
complete solution. Start with the given quantities, required or unknown, formula, solution, and final
answer. A rubric will be used to evaluate your answers.

1. How much current flows in an electric iron having a resistance of 20 when

connected across 220-V line?

2. An electric heater uses 4A when 220-V are applied to its terminals. Determine its
resistance.

3. What is the voltage across an electric hot plate which is draws 11A from the line
when its hot resistance is 20 ?

4. What is the resistance of the coil of wire in an electric stove if it is connected to a

220V line and the current passing through it is 8A?

33
5. How much current flows through a lamp with a resistance of 75 when it is
connected to a 220V line?

6. What is the resistance of a lamp which allows 10.9A when 220V is applied to it?

7. How much current would a 12 bread toaster draw when connected to a 220V
outlet?

8. A resistor is connected to a 12V battery. The ammeter in the circuit reads 2A. What
is the value of the resistance?

9. If the voltage in the circuit were doubled, what would happen to the current in the
circuit?

34
 10. If current in the circuit doubles of the same voltage, what will happen to
the resistance in the circuit?

Activity 5. Resistivity Affects Conductivity

As electrons flow through a conductor, they collide with the vibrating

atoms of the conductor and these electrons transfer part of their energy to the atoms
resulting to kinetic energytemperature of a conductor. The collision of the electrons with
the atoms limits increases as manifested in the increase in the

the amount of current in the conductor and this property of material is called
resistivity which describe as measure of the material’s resistance to the passage of
current. On the other hand, conductivity is the degree to which a specified material
conducts electricity.

Directions: Use the table below to answer the questions that follow.
Table 2: Resistivity of some materials at 200C.
Material Resistivity (
Silver 1.47 x 10-8
Copper 1.72 x 10-8
Gold 2.44 x 10-8
Aluminum 2.63 x 10-8
Tungsten 5.51 x 10-8
Steel 20.0 x 10-8
Mercury 95.0 x 10-8
Nichrome 100.0 x 10-8
Carbon 3.5 x 10-5

Source: Young, Hugh D. and Roger A freedom. University Physics with Modern Physics. 11th
Ed. Pearson Wesley. 2004

1. Which of the given materials have the least resistivity? ____________________

2. Which of the given materials have the greatest resistivity? _________________

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 3. Explain why silver and gold are not used as household wirings despite of having
the least resistivity.
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4. Why is tungsten used as filament in lamps?
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5. Why are copper wires used in household wiring?
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Activity 6. Connect Pa More

Directions: Study the figures below to answer the following questions.

Figure 7a Figure 7b
1. When you connect the four bulbs to a 12V power supply switch in series as shown in Figure
7a and turn the switch on, what happens to the other bulbs when you unscrew one light bulb?
________________________________________________________________________

2. What if you will screw the one light bulb in Figure 7a, what do you observe?
_________________________________________________________________________

3. How do you describe this type of connection?

_________________________________________________________________________

4. When you connect the three bulbs to a 12V power supply as shown in Figure 7b and turn
the switch on, what happens to the other bulbs when you unscrew one light bulb?
_________________________________________________________________________
_________________________________________________________________________

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 5. What if you will screw the one light bulb in Figure 7b, what do you observe?
_________________________________________________________________________

6. How do you describe this type of connection?

_________________________________________________________________________

7. What is the difference between series connection and parallel connection based on your
observations from the two set up?
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8. What kind of connection is most practical at home? Why?

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9. Why are electric meters connected in series with the rest of the circuits in the house?
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10. Why is the main switch connected in series with the rest of the circuits in the
house?
________________________________________________________________________
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Activity 7. Computation in a Connection

Directions: Perform the indicated operations. Write the equations and solve for the unknown
quantity.

1. Suppose there are four 30 bulbs are connected in series connected to a 220V line,
what is the current in the circuit? Find the voltage drop in each of the four 30 bulbs.

2. You have five appliance connected in series as shown in the figure below. The
refrigerator has a resistance of 20 , the TV set 10 , the radio 5 , the flat iron 75

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and the electric stove 55 , what is a( total resistance in the circuit b) total current c)
voltage drop in each appliance

a. total resistance in the circuit

b. total current

c. voltage drop in each appliance

3. Using the figure below, solve for:

a. Resistance of the combination

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 b. Current through the ciruit

c. Current through each resistor

d. Voltage across each resistor

4. Refer to the figure below to solve for:

a. Resistance of the combination

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 b. Current through the combination

c. Current in each resistor

d. Voltage across each resistor

5. Consider the circuit below, determine the following:

a. Voltage across each load,

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 b. Current through each load,

c. Total current through the circuit, and

d. Total resistance

Reflection:
1. I have learned that
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2. I enjoyed most on
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 3. I want to learn more on _______________________________________________
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