▪ INTRODUCTION TO COMPUTER

▪ COMPUTER ORGANIZATION
▪ NUMBER SYSTEM AND DATA PRESENTATION
▪ APPLICATION SOFTWARE: WORD PROCESSING AND SPREADSHEET
▪ THE INTERNET

▪ PROGRAMMING
▪ ALGORITHM DEVELOPMENT
▪ PROGRAMMING FUNDAMENTALS
ENGR. CZARINA J. VARGAS
A COMPUTER is an electronic device that processes data, conveying it
into information that is useful to people.
A computer is a machine that manipulates data according to a list of
instructions.
A computer is a device capable of performing computations and
making logical decisions at speed millions and even billion of times
faster them human beings can.
Computer is an electronic machine which is use for data processing.
The output which comes after processing data through computer is
known as Information.
▪ Hardware
▪ is basically anything that you can touch with your fingers.

▪ • Computer Case
▪ • CPU (central processing unit...Pentium chip)
▪ • Monitor
▪ • Keyboard & Mouse
▪ • Disk Drive, Zip Drive, CD-ROM, DVD,
▪ • Hard Drive
▪ • Memory (RAM) •
▪ Speakers
▪ • Printer
The term software refers to the set of
instructions that directs the hardware
to accomplish a task.

▪ MAJOR CLASSIFICATION OF SOFTWARE

▪ SYSTEM SOFTWARE
▪ APPLICATION SOFTWARE
▪ 1. System Software/Operating System

System Software are used to

control all components of computer
and serves as an interface between
user and hardware.

1. Control all Components of Computer

2. Interface b/w user and Hardware
▪ Operating System:
▪ It is the most prominent example of System Software. It is a collection of software that
handles resources and provides general services for the other applications that run over
them. There are various types of operating system such as real-time, embedded,
distributed, multiuser, single-user, internet, mobile, and many more.

▪ Device Drivers:
▪ It is a type of software that controls particular hardware which is attached to the system.
Hardware devices that need a driver to connect to a system include displays, sound cards,
printers, mice and hard disks.

▪ Utility:
▪ Utility software is designed to aid in analyzing, optimizing, configuring and maintaining a
computer system. It supports the computer infrastructure.
▪ Application software is used or design for the specific
purpose of the user.
▪ Application Software, also known as end-user programs or
productivity programs are software that helps the user in
completing tasks such as doing online research, jotting
down notes, setting an alarm, designing graphics, keeping
an account log, doing calculations or even playing games.
▪ Word processing apps
▪ Spreadsheet apps
▪ Databases
▪ Applications suites
▪ Multimedia apps
▪ Communication apps
▪ Internet browsers
▪ Email apps
▪Bit:
▪One digit, either 0 or 1

▪Byte:
▪any combination of 0 or 1. also called an
octet.
▪ The number 25 stored as 8 bits using the binary number system:

▪ The number 179 stored as 8 bits using the binary number system:

▪ The letter A stored as 8 bits using ASCII code:

ASCII code
▪ Consists of four parts where each part involves one or more specific
components of the computer.

▪ 1. Input
▪ 2. Processing
▪ 3. Output
▪ 4. Storage
 Output: A
computer
produces the
Processing: A computer
output through an
program performs
output device
operations on the data
such as the
to transform it into
monitor to display
information.
the result of the
processing
operations.

Input: A computer
receives data via an input Storage: A
device such as the computer stores
keyboard. the result of the
processing
operations in a
storage device
such as the hard
disk.
▪ Data is raw, unorganized facts that
examples of data
need to be processed. Data can be 3547
something simple and seemingly random Ahmad
and useless until it is organized. Kuala Lumpur
Malaysia

▪ When data is processed,

organized, structured or presented in a examples of information
given context so as to make it useful, Roll No. 3547
it is called information. Name-Ahmad
City-Kuala Lumpur
Country-Malaysia
1. Why computer is important?
2. What are the two main categories of
computer?
3. What are the 4 parts of information
processing cycle?
4. Convert to Decimal 0001 1111