DK CHING (TEMPLE)

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An edifice or place dedicated to the wor-

Temple
ship or presence of a deity
A prehistoric monument consisting of an
Menhir upright megalith, usually standing alone
but sometimes aligned with others.
A very large stone used as found or
Megalith
roughly dressed.
A single block of stone of considerable
Monolith size, often in the form of an obelisk or
column.
A heap of stones piled up as a monu-
Cairn
ment, tombstone, or landmark.
A megalithic tomb of the Neolithic and
early Bronze Ages found in the British
Isles and Europe, consisting of roofed
Passage Grave burial chamber and narrow entrance
passage, covered by a tumulus. Used for
successive family or clan burials span-
ning a number of generations.
A tomb of the Aegean civilizations con-
Shaft Grave sisting of a deep rectangular cut into
sloping rock and a roof timber or stone.
A stone-built subterranean tomb of the
Mycenaean civilization consisting of a
Beehive Tomb circular chamber covered by a corbeled
dome and entered by a walled passage
through a hillside.
A long, deep passageway into an ancient
Dromos
subterranean tomb.
A megalithic monument in the early
Bronze Age on Salisbury Plain, Witshire,
Stonehenge England, consisting of 4 concentric rings
of trilithons and menhirs centered around
an altar stone.
Cromlech
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A circular arrangement of megaliths en-
closing a dolmen or burial mound.
An artificial mound of earth or stone over
Tumulus
an ancient grave.
2 upright megaliths supporting a horizon-
Trilithon
tal stone.
A prehistoric monument consisting of 2
Dolmen or more large upright stones supporting
a horizontal stone slab.
The monumental stone sculpture of hu-
man-headed, winged bulls or lions that
Lamassu
guarded the entrances to Mesopotamian
palaces and temples
A temple-tower presumed to be the great
Tower of Babel ziggurat at Babylon, which no longer sur-
vives.
A temple-tower in Sumerian and As-
syrian architecture, built in diminishing
stages of mud brick with buttressed walls
Ziggurat
faced with burnt brick, culminating in a
summit shrine or temple reached by a
series of ramps.
A massive masonry structure having a
rectangular base and 4 smooth, steeply
sloping sides facing the cardinal points
Pyramid and meeting at an apex, used in an-
cient Egypt as a tomb to contain the
burial chamber and the mummy of the
pharoah.
A narrow rock-cut corridor in an ancient
Syrinx
Egyptian tomb.
A raised passageway ceremonially con-
Causeway necting the valley temple with an ancient
Egyptian pyramid.
Cult Temple
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An ancient Egyptian tempe for the wor-
ship of a deity.
An ancient Egyptian temple for offerings
Mortuary Temple and worship of a deceased person, usu-
ally a deified king.
An ancient Egyptian capital shaped like
Palm Capital
of the crown of a palm tree.
An ancient Egyptian capital having the
Lotus Capital
shape of a lotus bud.
A large hall having many columns in rows
Hypostyle Hall supporting a flat roof, and sometimes a
clerestory.
An ancient Egyptian column having as its
Hathor-headed
capital the head of Hathor.
A freestanding gateway having the form
of a pylon and preceding the main gate-
Propylon
way to an ancient Egyptian temple or
sacred enclosure.
A monumental gateway to an ancient
Egyptian temple, consisting of a pair of
tall truncated pyramids and a doorway
Pylon
between them or of one such masonry
mass pierced with a doorway, often dec-
orated with painted reliefs.
An ancient Egyptian column incorporat-
Osirian Column
ing the sculptured figure of Osiris.
A tall, 4-sided shaft of stone that tapers
Obelisk
as it rises to a pyramidal point.
Rock-cut Tomb A tomb hewn out of a native rock.
A characteristic cornice of Egyptian
buildings, consisting of a large cavetto
Cavetto Cornice
decorated with vertical leaves and a roll
molding below.

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Any of the rulers of ancient Egypt who
Pharaoh were believe to be divine and had ab-
solute power.
Necropolis A historical burial ground.
An ancient Egyptian tomb made of mud
brick, rectangular in plan with a flat roof
Mastaba and sloping sides, from which a shaft
leads to underground burial and offering
chambers.
A building or semi-independent unit of
a building, typically having a rectangular
Megaron
principal member with a center hearth
and a porch, often of columns in antis.
A temple built as a shrine to the ancient
Greek Temple Greek god or goddess to whom it was
dedicated.
An elevated place or structure upon
which sacrifices are offered or incense
Altar
burned in worship, or before which reli-
gious rites are performed.
The principal chamber or enclosed part
Cella of a classical temple, where the cult im-
age was kept.
A wide, low-pitched gable surmounting
Pediment a colonnade or a major division of a fa-
cade.
The triangular space enclosed by the
Tympanum horizontal and raking cornices of a pedi-
ment.
The portable sanctuary in which the He-
brews carried the ark of the covenant
Tabernacle
through the desert until the building of
the Temple of Jerusalem by Solomon.

Holy of Holies
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The innermost chamber in the biblical
Tabernacle and the Temple in Jerusalem
where the ark of the covenant was kept.
The chest containing 2 stone tablets in-
scribed with the 10 Commandments, car-
Ark of the Covenant
ried by the Hebrews during their desert
wanderings after the Exodus.
Temple of Solomon The first Temple of Jerusalem.
The cabinet in a synagogue in which the
Holy Ark
scrolls of the Torah are kept.
The platform in a synagogue from which
Bimah
services are conducted.
A building or place of assembly for Jew-
Synagogue
ish worship and religious instruction.
A sculptured female figure used as a col-
Caryatid
umn.
A sculptured figure of a man used as a
Atlas
column.
An upright ornament at the eaves of tile
roof concealing the foot of a row of con-
Antefix
vex tiles that cover the joints of the flat
tiles.
A pedestal for a sculpture or ornament at
Acroterium the apex or at each of the lower corners
of a pediment.
An open vestibuler fore the cella of a
Pronaos
classical temple.
The fortified high area or citadel of an
Acropolis
ancient Greek city.
An upright stone slab or pillar with a
carved or inscribed surface, used as a
Stele
monument or marker, or as a commem-
orative tablet in the face of a building.
Epinaos The rear vestibule of a classical temple.
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A place of ground specially reserved and

Temenos
enclosed as a sacred place.
An ancient Greek portico, usually de-
tached and of considerable length, used
Stoa
as a promenade or meeting place around
public places.
A market place or public square in an
Agora
ancient Greek city.
The public square or marketplace of an
Forum
ancient Roman city.
A temple dedicated to all the gods of the
Pantheon
people.
A monument erected in memory of a
Cenotaph deceased person whose remains are
buried elsewhere.
Cyrtostyle A convex, semicircular portico
A circular colonnade or peristyle open at
Cyclostyle
the center.
A circular building having a single row of
Monopteron columns surrounding a central structure
or a courtyard.
Having 2 columns in front between an
Distyle in Antis
antae.
A rectangular pier or pilaster formed by
Anta
thickening the end of a projecting wall.
Prostyle Having a portico on the front only.
Apteral Without a colonnade along the sides.
Amphiprostyle Prostyle on both fronts.
Having a single row of columns on all
Peripteral
sides.
A colonnade parallel to, but apart from
Pteron
the cella

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The passage between the pteron and the
Pteroma
cella.
Having an arrangement of columns sug-
Pseudodipteral gesting a dipteral structure but without
the inner colonnade.
Dipteral Having 2 rows of columns on all sides.
Having a colonnade at one or each end
Pseudoperipteral
with engaged columns at the sides.
A classial temple that is wholly or partly
Hypethral
open to the sky.
Clithral A classical temple that is roofed over.
The engaged columns and entablature
Arch Order
framing an arch.
A monumental memorial arch erected
Triumphal Arch astride the line of march of a victorious
army during its triumphal procession.
A raised platform in an ancient Roman
Tribunal
basilica for the seats of magistrates.
A large oblong building used as a hall
Basilica of justice and public meeting place in
ancient Rome.
A Muslim building or place of public wor-
Mosque
ship.
A Muslim theological school arranged
Madrasah around a courtyard and attached to a
mosque.
The large open square of a city, used as
Maidan
a marketplace or parade ground in India
A court or series of courts serving to
Ziyada shelter a mosque form immediate con-
tact with secular buildings
A lofty, slender tower attached to a
Minaret mosque, having stairs leading up to one
or more projecting balconies from which
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the muezzin calls the Muslin people to
prayer.
A pulpit in a mosque, recalling the 3
Mimbar steps from which Muhammad addressed
his followers.
The wall in a mosque in which the mihrab
Qibla
is set, oriented to Mecca.
A niche or decorative panel in a mosque
Mihrab
designating the qibla
A city in Saudi Arabia, birthplace of
Mecca
Muhammad and spiritual center of Islam.
A small, cubical stone building in the
courtyard of the Great Mosque at Mecca
Ka'ba
containing a sacred black stone and re-
garded by Muslims as the House of God.
An inn in the Near East for the overnight
Caravansary
accommodation of caravans.
An outer wall that slopes inward as it
Talud
rises.
A rectangular, strongly framed panel that
Tablero
overhangs a talud.
An openwork screen or partition enclos-
Maksoorah ing an area for prayer or a tomb in a
mosque.
Corbeling having the general form of a
Pendentive Bracketing pendentive, commonly found in Moorish
architecture.
A system of decoration in Islamic archi-
tecture, formed by the intricate corbel-
Stalactite Work
ing of brackets, squinches, and inverted
pyramids.
A bulbous ribbed dome, found in Islamic
Melon Dome
architecture.
Riwaq An arcaded hall of a mosque
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Sahn The central courtyard of a mosque.
A large vaulted portal opening onto the
Iwan
central courtyard of a mosque.
Koran The sacred text of Islam.
Muhammad Arab prohphet and founder of Islam
Muslim The law, religion, or civilization of Islam.
Islam The religious faith of Muslims.
Mandira A Hindu temple
A hindu temple cut out of solid rock to
Rath
resemble a chariot.
The sanctuary of a Hindu temple in which
Vimana
a deity is enshrined.
Amalaka The bulbous stone finial of a sikhara
Sikhara A tower of a Hindu temple.
A large, porchlike hall leading to a Hindu
Mandapa temple and used for religious dancing
and music.
A monumental, usually ornate gateway
Gopuram
tower to a Hindu temple enclosure.
A Buddhist memorial mound erected to
enshrine a relic of Buddha and to com-
Stupa
memorate some event or mark a sacred
spot.
Buddhism A religion based on the 4 Noble Truths.
Four Noble Truths The doctrines of Buddha.
Buddha Title of Gautama Siddharta.
A people of Cambodia who established
Khmer an empire and dominated most of In-
dochina.
A Buddhist monastery or temple in Thai-
Wat
land or Cambodia

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A Buddhist shrine in India, usually

carved out of solid rock on a hillside,
Chaitya
having the form of an aisled basilica with
a Stupa at one end.
A Buddhist monastery in Indian archi-
tecture often excavated from solid rock,
Vihara consisting of a central pillared chamber
surrounded by a verandah onto which
open small sleeping cells.
A railing enclosing a sacred area, as a
Vedika
stupa.
An elaborately carved, ceremonial gate-
way in Indian Buddhist and Hindu archi-
Torana
tecture, having 2 or 3 lintels between 2
posts.
An umbrella-shaped finial symbolizing
Chattri dignity, composed of a stone disk on a
vertical pole.
A finial in the form of a conventionalized
Tee umbrella, used on stupas, topes, and
pogadas.
A monolithic stamba, as distinguished
Lat
from one built up of stone courses.
A freestanding memorial pillar in Indian
Stamba architecture, bearing carved inscriptions,
religious emblems, or a statue.
Vedas The oldest sacred writings of Hinduism.
Hinduism The dominant religion of India
A Buddhist temple in the form of a square
or polygonal tower with roofs projecting
Pagoda
from each of its many stories, erected as
a memorial or to hold relics.
A monumental gateway in Chinese archi-
Pailou
tecture.

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A bell tower pavilion in Chinese architec-
Zhonglou
ture.
A large drum tower or pavilion in Chinese
Gulou
architecture.
A bracket system used in traditional Chi-
nese construction to support roof beams,
Dougong
project the eaves outward, and support
the interior ceiling.
A level arm in traditional Chinese con-
Ang
struction.
A bearing block in traditional Chinese
Duo
construction.
A cantilevered bracket in traditional Chi-
Gong
nese construction.
A large Buddhist monastic center in
Yungang
northwest China.
The spirit way that led from the south
gate to a royal tomb of the Tang dynasty,
Lingdao
lined with stone pillars and sculptured
animal and human figures.
Shinto The indigenous religion of JApan.
A style of Shinto shrine embodying the
Shimmei-zukuri
original style of Japanese building.
An assembly hall for monks in a Japan-
Kodo ese Buddhist temple, in which sacred
texts are read.
A Japanese pagoda enshrining Buddhist
To
holy relics.
The crowning spire on a Japanese pago-
Sorin
da
Golden Hall. The sanctuary where the
Kondo main image of worship is kept in a Japan-
ese Buddhist temple.

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The principal south gateway to a Japan-
Nandaimon
ese temple or shrine
The inner gateway form to the precinct of
Chumon
a Japanese Buddhist temple.
A structure from which the temple bell is
Shoro
hung.
The covered gallery surrounding a
Kairo
precinct of a Japanese temple or shrine.
Butsu A representation of Buddha
Daibutsu A large representation of Buddha
A monumental, freestanding gateway on
Torri
the approach to a Shinto shrine.
An approach through 2 gateways that are
Bent Approach
not aligned.
Honden The main sanctuary of a Shinto shrine.
Haiden The hall of worship of a Shinto shrine.
A style of Shinto shrine, characterized by
a hipped roof extending from the main
Kasuga-zukuri
roof, over a centrally placed entrance
stair at one gable end.
A style of Shinto shrine, based on the Ise
prototype, but with the front slope of the
Nagare-zukuri
roof extending to form a canopy over the
entrance stair.
Hashira A sacred post in Shinto architecture.
The crossed finial formed by the project-
Chigi ing large boards at each end of the ridge
of a Shinto shrine.
The short wooden billets placed at right
Katsuogi
angles to the ridge of a Shinto shrine.

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