Transmission Expansion Planning Considering Battery
Energy Storage Systems and Intraday Time Constraints
Dany H. Huanca, Djalma M. Falcão
dany.huanca@coppe.ufrj.br, djalmafalcao@coppe.ufrj.br
Introduction
An important and complex task of the transmission expansion planning
(TEP) problem is to build lines and/or transformers at the lowest possible
cost to satisfy the projected demand [1]. This task is accomplished using
mathematical modeling and optimization techniques [2]. Lately, due to
the increase in renewable energy sources, non-wires alternatives such as
energy storage systems, particularly batteries have been proposed to relieve
forecasted congestion [3]. In this way, the TEP problem becomes a flexible
and stable network capable of supporting any intermittency of renewable
sources. Thus, this work studies the representation of the daily charge and
discharge cycle of battery energy storage systems (BESS) and its integration
with variables generators. Using the DC model, the TEP problem is
formulated as a mixed-integer nonlinear programming problem and solved
using a specialized genetic algorithm proposed by Chu and Beasley (CBGA)
[1].
Contributions
1. Incorporate BESS devices in the TEP problem determining the optimal
placement of lines and BESS devices simultaneously taking into account
inter-daily time constraints to represent the charge and discharge of the
BESS devices considering renewable energy sources (wind farms).
2. Use a specialized genetic algorithm as an optimization technique for the
optimal placement of BESS devices and lines.
1 Methodology
The information on demand and variable renewable generation is organized
according to Figure 1. These curves are subsequently stepped into as many
discrete levels as deemed appropriate. As an illustrative example of this
modeling, the following attributes are assumed: (1) energy scenarios: winter
and summer; (2) typical days: weekdays and weekends; and (3) load levels:
light load, medium load, and heavy load.
Figure 1: Scenarios generation for the TEP problem
The mathematical formulation can be represented by [3]
min υ = c(x) + d(y) + e(z)
s.t
A(x) + B(z) = b
E(x) + F(y) + G(z) ≥ h
where c(x), d(y), and e(z), represent the cost associated with investment
decisions, operating decisions, and cost associated with infeasibility.
Variables x, y, z represent, respectively, the investment and operation
variables and the decision variable associated with infeasibility.
2 Specialized genetic algorithm
1) Initialization: specify CBGA control parameters; 2) create initial
population for transmission lines and BESS devices; 3) calculate the
objective function; 4) CBGA operational process: selection, mutation, and
recombination; 5) local improvement: is the individual feasible? If it is not
feasible, a constructive algorithm is used to make the individual feasible.
And if it is feasible, continue with the stage of improvement of the objective
function; 6) population substitution; 7) return to step 4 until the stop criteria
is reached; and 9) solution of the TEP problem considering the optimal
location of the BESS devices.
3 Test and results
The proposed methodology was successfully applied in the Garver system (see
Figure 2) and the Colombian system of 93 buses. The following investment
costs were found for the first and second test systems with and without
BESS devices: Garver system equal to $110 and $100 million, and Colombian
system equal to $560 and $500 million.
Figure 2: Optimal transmission expansion planning solution
The CBGA placed 2 batteries in the Colombian system, one battery in bus
25 and the second in bus 80. Figure 3 shows the charge and discharge of the
BESS devices for the Colombian system in bus 25 (a) and in bus 80 (b).
Figure 3: Charged and discharged of BESS devices located in bus 25 and 80 for the winter and summer scenarios
4 Conclusion
The proposed methodology allows the optimal location of BESS devices and
transmission lines using the CBGA and considering energy scenarios. In
addition, according to the results, the installation of batteries allows to reduce
the investment cost with the delay in the construction of lines.
References
(1)
[1] Dany Huamannahui Huanca and Luis Alfonso Gallego Pareja. Chu and
beasley genetic algorithm to solve the transmission network expansion
(2) planning problem considering active power losses. IEEE Latin America
(3) Transactions, 19(11):1967–1975, 2021.
[2] Mostafa Kazemi and Mohammad Reza Ansari. An integrated transmission
expansion planning and battery storage systems placement-a security and
reliability perspective. International Journal of Electrical Power &
Energy Systems, 134:107329, 2022.
[3] Meisam Mahdavi, Carlos Sabillon Antunez, Majid Ajalli, and Rubén
Romero. Transmission expansion planning: Literature review and
classification. IEEE Systems Journal, 13(3):3129–3140, 2019.
Acknowledgements
This research was supported in part by Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico (CNPq) under the grants 04068/2020-0,
and Instituto Nacional de Energia Elétrica (INERGE).