A Detailed Lesson Plan

in English
Grade 8

I. Objectives

At the end of the lesson, the students should be able to:

a. define poetry and the different types of poetry;
b. differentiate the three types of poetry;
c. explain the elements of poetry and figures of speech;
d. use figures of speech in a sentence;
e. identify the figures of speech used in sentences; and
f. realize life lessons from poetry.

II. Subject Matter

a. Topic: Elements of Poetry and Figures of Speech

b. Reference: K-12 Grade 8 Learning Materials
c. Materials: Paper strips and card board

III. Learning Procedure

Teacher’s Activity Students’ Activity

A. Preparatory Activities

1. Customary Greetings

Good morning, class! : Good morning ma’am!

Alaeddin please lead the prayer. : (The student will lead the prayer )
Before you take your seat, be sure
that your chairs are properly
aligned and there are no litters
scattered on the floor.
Is everybody in class? : Yes ma’am.
You may now take your seats. : Thank you ma’am!

2. Motivation

Today class we are going to play a

game which entitled “Fix me, I’m
broken” But before that, let me tell
you a short story. Are you ready to
listen, class? :Yes ma’am
Okay. Once upon a time, there
was a prince named James Reid.
He is a handsome prince with a
perfect body figure. His
handsomeness attracts many
ladies in their kingdom. He lives
happily with his father and his
mother who are the ruler of their
kingdom. After how many years,
his father died. He was so sad then
because he really loves his father.
The time came that he will be going
to crown as the king, but wait! For
him to be crowned he must be
married first. During that time, he
was so inlove with Nadine. He ask
her for marriage, Nadine got
shocked but because she really
loves him, she accepted his
proposal and they get married.
After the wedding, they received
lots of gifts from their visitors but
there is one gift which they can’t
open because it is broken. Now,
your task is to help them fix and
arrange the broken gift inside this
envelop. Can you help them in
this task? : Yes ma’am.

Okay. You will be divided into four

groups and your groups will be
according to your number. Let us
count from 1-4. : (The students will do the
grouping)
You may now go on your
respective groups. : (The students will go on their
respective groups)
Okay class, listen to my instruction.
Here is what you are going to do.
You will arrange the cut pictures to
form the image of the gift to the
newly wed Nadine and James
Reid. Now class, what are the
things that you must do when
having a group activity? Yes : Cooperate with your group
Edward. ma’am.

Exactly! Okay here’s your coupon

Edward. Are you now ready class? : Yes ma’am.

(The teacher will distribute the : (The students will do the activity)
envelop to each group)

Now class, since _______ group is

the first one to finish the task, they
will receive extra coupons from
James Reid and Nadine. This
 coupon will serve as a point for
your participation. You will add this
on your previous coupons and I will
be giving an award highest pointer.
So here are your coupons. : Thank you ma’am.

(The teacher will distribute the

coupons to the winning groups)

What gift did you formed? : A treasure box with a poem

ma’am.

Please read the poem. : (The students will read.)

Now class, what have you

observed from the text you just
read. : (The students will answer)

That’s right! It is a poem and a

poem is a form of what? Yes
Cherry. : A poem is a form of poetry
ma’am.

Very good! Here’s you’re coupon. : Thank you ma’am.

B. Presentation

Today class we are going to discuss

poetry, the elements of poetry and
the different figures of speech. Are
you now excited to listen, participate
and gather coupons on our
discussion class? : Yes ma’am.

1. Discussion

Okay please read the first definition

of poetry Jenny.
Thank you Jenny, here’s your
coupon. Please read the second
definition Kyle.
Okay, please read the last definition
Charies.
: Poetry is a type of literature that
expresses ideas, feelings, or tells
a story in a specific form (usually
using lines and stanzas).
: Poetry is an expression of
emotion or ideas in an
arrangement of words most often
rhythmically.
: Poetry comes from the Greek
word which means “to make” or “to
create”.
Thank you. A poem is a type of
literature that expresses feelings or
ideas in a specific form. It is
something made or created. The
poet is the creator and language is
the material out of which s/he
creates his/her work of art. So
whenever you are full of emotion,
say for example you are in love and
you want to create a piece of writing
with a certain form, you are now
creating an art and that’s art is what
we call poetry. Did you get it class? : Yes ma’am.

Great! There are different forms of

poetry namely;
-lyric poetry
-narrative poetry
-descriptive poetry

Let us discuss first the lyric poetry.

Please read the definition and its
kinds. Yes Keat. : Lyric poetry is a form of poetry
which expresses personal
emotions or feelings.
Kinds of lyrics poetry
-Elegy
-Sonnet
-Haiku
Thank you. An elegy is a lyric poem,
written to expresses sorrow or
lamentation, usually for the one who
died, sonnet is a poem of fourteen
lines using any of a number of
formal rhyme schemes. An example
of sonnet is the very popular Sonnet
116 by William Shakespeare.

And the last lyric poem is haiku.

Haiku is a Japanese poem written in
three lines consisting 5, 7,
5 syllables. It originated in Japan.
Each Haiku must contain a kigo, a
season word, which indicate in
which season the Haiku is set. For
example, cherry blossoms indicate
spring, snow indicates winter, and
mosquitoes indicate summer, but
the season word isn't always that
obvious. This is an example of
Haiku. : (The students will read)
Okay class, the next form of poetry
is narrative. Please read the
definition.
In other words, Narrative poem are
poems that narrates series of
events. Did you get it class?
: Narrative is a form of poem that
tells a series of events. A narrative
poem tells a story, but it does it
with poetic flair. Many of the same
elements that are found in a short
story are also found in a narrative
poem.
: Yes ma’am.

Okay, now let’s proceed to the next

form of poetry, the descriptive
poem. Please read the definition,
Jericho. : Descriptive poem refers to the
poem that describes the world that
Descriptive poetry, unlike narrative surrounds the speaker.
poetry, is known not necessarily for
telling a story but for its deep
depiction of a person, animal or
inanimate object. Is that clear to you
class? : Yes ma’am.
Are there any question? : None ma’am.

If that’s the case, let’s proceed to

our next topic. Poetry, like other
types of literature, has elements.
Please read the first element Cassy.
Line and stanza
Line is a group of words
together on one line of the
poem.
Stanza is a group of lines
arranged together.

Example:
A word is dead
When it is said,
Some say.

I say it just
Begins to live
That day.
Thank you. As what you have read
a while back, line is a group of
words in one line and stanza is a
group of lines. Stanza in poetry is
defined as a smaller unit or group of
lines or a paragraph in a poem.
There are different kinds of stanza.
Please read the kinds of stanza,
Kresta.
Thank you. Stanza is named based
on the number of its line. Look at the
example poem a while back. Can
you now identify what kind of stanza
it is? Yes Jeff.
Very good! Is it clear to you class?
Okay, let us move on to the next
element which is rhythm. Please
read the definition Faith.
Thank you. Poets use patterns of
stressed and unstressed syllables to
create a regular rhythm. By the
way, stress refers to the emphasis
applied when reading a poem. Look
at this example.
: Couplet-a two line stanza
Triplet (Tercet) -a three line stanza
Quatrain-a four line stanza
Quintet-a five line stanza
Sestet (Sextet) -a six line stanza
Septet -a seven line stanza
Octave -an eight line stanza
: It is a tercet ma’am because it is
composed of 3 lines in every
stanza.
: Yes ma’am.
: Rhythm is the pattern of beats or
stresses in a poem.
: She was a child and I was a
child,
In this kingdom by the
sea;
But we loved with a love that was
more than love –
I and my Annabel Lee.

Did you observe the rhythm class? : Yes ma’am!

Okay, let us now discuss the other
elements of poetry which is called
rhyme. Please read Jen. : Rhymes are words that end with
the same sound.
How about this example? Can you Example: Hat, cat and bat
identify what type of stanza it is?
Yes Ralph. Rhyming sounds don’t have to be
spelled the same way.
Example: Cloud and allowed
Thank you! A poem may or may not
have a rhyme. When you write
poetry that has rhyme, it means that
the last words or sounds of the lines
match with each other in some form
but free verse poetry do not follow
this. Look at this example class.
 : Dust of Snow
by Robert Frost
The way a crow
Shook down on me
The dust of snow
From a hemlock tree
Has given my heart
A change of mood
And save some part
Of a day I had rued.
Did you see the rhymes at the end
of every line class? : Yes ma’am.
Okay. Poets use rhyme to add a
musical sound to their poems. Now
let’s move on to the next element of
poetry which is the rhyme scheme.
Please read Mike. : Rhyme scheme is the pattern of
rhyming words at the end of each
line.
Not all poetry has a rhyme scheme.
They are not hard to identify, but
you must look carefully at which
words rhyme. Either the last words
of the first and second lines rhyme
with each other, or the first and the
third, second and the fourth and so
on. It is denoted by alphabets like
aabb (1st line rhyming with 2nd, 3rd
with 4th); abab (1st with 3rd, 2nd
with 4th); abba (1st with 4th, 2nd
with 3rd), etc. Let’s look back to our
previous example. Please read
Mary. : Dust of Snow
by Robert Frost
The way a crow - A
Shook down on me - B
The dust of snow-A
From a hemlock tree-B
Has given my heart - CA change
of mood - D
And save some part - C
Of a day I had rued. - D
The poem’s rhyme scheme is
ABABCDCD. The 1st line rhymes
with the 3rd line, the 2nd line rhymes
with the 4th line, the 5th line rhymes
with the 7th line and the 6th line
rhymes with the 8th line. Did you get
it class? : Yes ma’am.

Okay, let’s move on to the next

element which is the mood. Please
read Beatriz. : Mood refers to the feeling a
poem creates for the readers. It
can be positive or negative.
Poet creates the mood with the
length of sentences, the words
chosen, punctuation, and the
sounds of the words. Short words
and lines create a serious mood.
Words create a feeling of sadness.
Look at this excerpt or some part of
a poem. Everybody please read. : “Poor”
by Myra Livingston
I heard of poor.
It means hungry,
no food, no shoes, no place to live,
Nothing good.
It means winter nights And being cold,
It is lonely, alone. Feeling old.
Poor is a tired face. Poor is thin.
Poor is standing outside. Looking in.
What did you feel upon reading the
poem? Is it sad, happy, excited,
serious, etc.? Yes Odyssey. : Right after reading the poem
ma’am I really feel so sad.
So that emotion that you feel right
now is the mood of the story that the
author created in you. Is it clear to
you class? : Yes ma’am!

Okay, now let’s proceed to the next

element of a story. Please read
Angeli. : Tone refers to the poet’s attitude
towards the subject of the poem.
Thank you. Tone is the attitude a
writer takes toward the subject or
audience of a poem. Let us take a
look with the poem awhile back.
Did the poem revealed the attitude
of the author towards poor? : Yes ma’am.

Very good! What tone does the

author shows then? : The author’s tone is pity ma’am.

Precisely! Now class, maybe you

are quite confused about the
difference of mood and tone. So I
have here a venn diagram. Please
take a look. (The teacher will
explain.)
Did you get it class? : Yes ma’am.
Okay, for the last element, please
read Seigi. : Theme represents the main
subject or idea of a poem.
Or in simpler manner, theme is the
moral or lesson that you learned
from the poem. What then the
theme of the poem awhile back
class? : The theme of the poem is poverty
or hardships ma’am!

Brilliant! Is it clear to you now

class? : Yes ma’am.

Now let us go on with our next topic.

Have you ever heard the term
figures of speech? : (answers may vary.)

Okay class, the next topic that we

are going to discuss is figures of
speech. Are you ready to listen,
class? : Yes ma’am.

Okay, please read the definition

Charles. : Figure of speech is a way of
enlivening our speech and writing.
It also refers to the use of any
language that goes beyond the
literal meaning of words
Okay. A figure of speech is a word
or phrase that has a meaning
something different than its literal
meaning. The most common figures
of speech are simile, personification,
metaphor, onomatopoeia, hyperbole
and apostrophe. Let us discuss
these different figures of speech.
First is simile. Please read the
definition, Kaye. : Simile is used to compare two
unlike things by using the
comparative words like or as.
Thank you. So simile is used in
comparing things. Introduced by like
or as. For example:
- Life is like a box of chocolates.
In this example, life is compared to
box of chocolates and they are
connected with the word like. Why
do you think the author said that life
is like a box of chocolates? : (The students will answer.)
In a box of chocolate there are
many options right? Just like in life,
we also have many options to make,
and those options are like
chocolates, that is why the author
said that life is like a box chocolate.
We have many options in life. Did
you get it class? :Yes ma’am.

Here is another example:

-Tom's head is as hard as a rock.
Can you identify the words being
compared, Fay? : The two words being compared
are Tom’s head and rock ma’am.
Very good! It is connected by the
word as. Can you give me your own
example of sentence with simile,
Clarisse? : You act like my grandmother.
Excellent! Now class let us discuss
personification. Please read the
definition Angel. : Personification is giving human
qualities or characteristics to an
inanimate object, animal, or idea.
Thank you. Here is an example:
“The moon smiled down on the
lovers”.
Did you ever see a smiling moon? : Not yet ma’am.

Okay, that is personification. You

will give human qualities or
characteristics to objects, animals or
idea. Will you give an example of
sentence with personification, Alvin? : Mister sun wakes up at dawn

Very good! Now class let’s move on

to the next figure of speech, the
metaphor. What is metaphor?
Please read the definition Mimi. : A metaphor compares two things
without using the words “like” or
“as.”
Thank you. Metaphor is used for
direct comparison. In here, you do
not need to use like or as, unlike in
simile. Here is an example.
- She has a stone heart.
In this example, you directly
compared a girl’s heart to a stone.
As what you have observed we did
not use or include the words as or
like. Did you get it class? : Yes ma’am.
Okay, give another example, Jiji. : My love is a rose.

Very good! Now class, let us move

on to the next figure of speech.
What is onomatopoeia? Please read
Jhep. : Onomatopoeia is the use of
words that suggest or sound the
Onomatopoeia represents the actual like sounds, objects, or actions
sound of something. For example: they name.
“Oh my God! The bell is
ringing.”
The onomatopoeia in this sentence
is the word ringing/ring. It was
spelled like how it sounds. Another
examples are these:
Dogs “bark”
Cats “purr”
Thunder “booms”
Clock “ticks
Onomatopoeia appeals to the sense
of sound. Is that clear class? : Yes ma’am!

Will you please give me sentence

with onomatopoeia? Yes Charity. : My clock ticks.

Excellent! Will you identify the

onomatopoeia in that sentence
Gerald? : The onomatopoeia used in that
sentence is the word ticks ma’am.
Absolutely! Continuing the lesson,
the next figure of speech, please
read the definition of hyperbole.
Yes Chenice. : A hyperbole is when an
exaggeration or overstatement is
made to illustrate a point.
It is an exaggeration of words for
emphasis. For example:
Jhep is a hundred feet tall.
Can you give a sentence with
hyperbole Hero? : That cat is as big as a whale

Very good! You really are good

learners, class. For the last figure
of speech class please read the
definition of apostrophe, Jesh. : Apostrophe is a figure of speech
in which some absent or
nonexistent person or thing is
Thank you. Apostrophes are words addressed as if present and
spoken to a person or object which capable of understanding.
is inherently imaginary or absent. In
here, you seem like talking or
 addressing your message to an
absent person or object. For
example:
“Twinkle, twinkle, little star,
How I wonder what you are.
Up above the world so high,
Like a diamond in the sky.

In here, the speaker is talking to a

star.
Here is another example.
“Oh moon! It’s such a pleasure to
see you tonight”
The speaker is addressing the
moon. Did you get it class? : Yes ma’am.

Now class let us discuss another

figure of speech which is
Alliteration. Please read, Jaasiel. : Alliteration is the repetition of the
same consonant sound at the
beginning of words.
Examples:
• The molding of the mud
made a marvelous
masterpiece.
• The soft snow fell slowly on
the sidewalk.
Did you see the repetition of the
initial letter sound, class? : Yes ma’am.

Can you give your own example : (The student will give his
Bryan? sentence.)

Is it clear class? : Yes ma’am.

Do you have any question class? : None ma’am.

2. Enrichment activity

To further understand the lesson we

will be having an activity. This game
is entitled, “Figure It Out”. You will
be grouped into two. Count 1 and 2 : (The students will do the
for the groupings. grouping )
Group 1 will stay here and group 2
on the other side. You may now go
on your respective groups. : (the students will go on their
respective groups)
All of you have a chance to win
these precious coupons for your
recitation. Just follow the direction,
 answer correctly and be good in the
activity. Each group will have a
representative in every item. So it
only means that all of you have their
chance to earn a coupon after the
game. The two representatives will
compete against each other. The
first one who will be able to give the
correct answer will gain a coupon
with a corresponding point for the
group. After the game, the group
who will earn the higher score will
be declared as a winner and the
members of that group will earn an
additional 2 coupons for their
recitation. Do you have any
question class? : None ma’am.
Are you excited to play class? : Yes ma’am.

Okay let’s begin.

(The teacher will facilitate the : (The students will do the activity.)
acitivity.)

3. Generalization

Class, to sum up what we

discussed, will you define poetry
Timon?
Excellent! What are the different
types of poetry? Yes Rhea.
Very good! What about the
elements of poetry? Kindly give one
and explain, Ranel.
: Poetry is a type of literature that
expresses ideas, feelings, or tells
a story in a specific form ma’am.
: The different types of poetry are
lyric, narrative and descriptive
ma’am.
: Theme represents the main
subject or idea of a poem.

That’s great. What else?

:(other students will recite)
Now class, can you define figure of
speech and give one example? : Figure of speech is expressing
one’s idea that goes beyond the
actual meaning of the word. For
example, I am as pretty as my
mother.
Brilliant! Can you give me 3 figures
of speech? Yes Kresta. :Simile, metaphor and
personification.
 I think you really learned from our
lesson class.

4. Valuing

Now class, based from the poems

that we read, what life lessons did
you learn from it? : (The students will answer.)

5. Evaluation

Now class, go back to your proper

seats and we will be having a quiz.
Please bring out ¼ sheet of paper
and answer this.
(The teacher will tack the material.) : (The student will read the
Please read the direction Kyle. direction.)

Thank you. You have 10 minutes to

finish the activity.

Are you done class? : Yes ma’am!

Please pass you papers forward.

6. Agreement

Class, bring out your notebook and

copy your assignment.

1. Study and internalize the poem

Rubaiyat by Omar Khayyam.
2. Identify the tone and theme of
the poem?
3. Find figures of speech from the
poem.

Are you done class?

Okay, that’s for now. Let’s call it a

day. Good
bye class.

Prepared by:
DANICA D. DUCSA