KEY WORD TRANSFORMATION

1. MODAL VERBS AND SEMI-MODAL VERBS: los má s frecuentes son;

 PREFER to (WOULD) RATHER: la estructura con "prefer" utiliza "to" para comparar y la estructura con "rather"
utiliza "than".
I prefer to arrive an hour early. <> I would rather arrive an hour early
I prefer studying English to studying German. <> I like studying English rather than studying German.
 OUGHT TO (debería):
It was bad of you to use my mobile without my permission <> You ought to have asked before you used my mobile
 BE ALLOWED TO to LET: He wasn't allowed to go because of his parents. <> His parents would not let him go
 Otros modal expressions son; BE ABLE TO, BE ALLOWED TO, BE ABOUT TO, BE BOUND TO (estar destinado a),
BE GOING TO, BE LIKELY TO, BE OBLIGED TO, BE SUPPOSED TO

2. PHRASAL VERBS AND MULTI-WORD VERBS

3. ACTIVE VOICE TO PASSIVE TRANSFORMATIONS:

 El tipo má s frecuente de transformació n de pasiva usa la palabra clave SAID:
They say he eats snakes. <>He is said to eat snakes.
 Otro tipo de pasiva, que puede aparecer en la parte 4 es el TO HAVE SOMETHING DONE:
I repaired my computer (I did it myself) <> I had my computer repaired (someone else did it)

Modals I`m going to drive/ I should drive/ I must drive is going to be driven/ should be driven/must be driven

4. REPORTED SPEECH TRANSFORMATIONS:

5. CAMBIAR ADJETIVOS DE SIGNIFICADOS OPUESTOS: He is dead. (Él está muerto) <> He isn't alive. (Él no está vivo)

6. CAMBIAR ADVERBIOS DE SIGNIFICADOS OPUESTOS: The hotel isn't near my house. <> The hotel is far from my house.
 much → more → the most / little → less → the least / good → better → the best / bad → worse → the worst /
many → more → the most / few → fewer → the fewest / far → farther → the farthest
7. QUANTIFIERS: There aren't many people in the room <> There are few people in the room.
 Much (unc), many (c)= too many / so many, some (unc y c), any (unc y c), no/none (unc y c), a lot of/lots of (unc y
c), litlle-/ a Little+ (unc), few-/ a few+ (c). NOT MANY = FEW

8. NEITHER-NOR-EITHER- OR- SO-BOTH: She doesn't 't like either pears or apples <> She neither likes pears nor apples.

9. CAMBIAR UN COMPARATIVO POR OTRO QUE DIGA LO MISMO: John is taller than Peter <> Peter isn't as tall as John

10. CAMBIAR "RELATIVE CLAUSES": Las Defining relative clauses no van con comas, y las Non-defining relative clauses
van con comas. There's the man. His house was burnt. <> There's the man whose house was burnt.

11. CAMBIAR "CONNECTORS": Although we were hungry we didn't eat <> In spite of being hungry we didn't eat.

12. USO DE ADVERBIOS: My brother now earns far less than he did when he was younger < NEARLY> My brother does not
earn nearly as/so much now as he did when he was younger.
Nearly = casi , hardly = apenas/escasamente, slightly = un poco/algo, highly = altamente/muy bien

 Adverbios de tiempo: normalmente van al principio o al final de la oració n. “Yet” siempre va al final de la

oració n. “Still” va delante del verbo, excepto con el verbo “to be” que irá detrá s de este. 
today (hoy), tomorrow (mañana), last week (la semana pasada), next month (el mes que viene), already (ya),
eventually (finalmente), still (todavía) soon (pronto), yet (aún), now (ahora), later (luego)…
I already finished my homework. I haven’t finished yet. He still needs to finish his homework.
I am still waiting
 Adverbios de grado: Los adverbios de grado van delante de la palabra que modifican.  
very (muy),  really (realmente),  almost (casi),  hardly (apenas), quite (bastante),  barely (apenas)…
I really hope she passes the exam We are very busy this week.  He was almost late for the meeting

 Adverbios de modo: Los adverbios de modo van detrá s del objeto directo. Si no hay un objeto, van detrá s del
verbo.
loudly (en voz alta),  carefully (cuidadosamente),  softly (suavemente),
beautifully (hermosamente),  fast (rápido),  hard (duro)
You speak English perfectly Please drive carefully.

 Adverbios de frecuencia: Los adverbios de frecuencia van delante del verbo, a excepció n de su uso con el
verbo “to be” que se colocará n detrá s.
often (a menudo), frequently (frecuentemente), usually (usualmente), sometimes (a veces), rarely
(raramente), seldom (casi nunca), never (nunca)…
They are frequently late. She usually wears black.

Los adverbios nunca van entre el verbo y el objeto You speak English perfectly. You speak perfectly English

13. CONDICIONALES: