Page 1 of 12

Li-Ion Battery CA - S&T - 230814

Advantages Applications

Discharge egr-21. P.M

3000-5000 Modern elect.
cycles
eg. 150kwh/kg Self-discharge Lifespan
pensity constant
Loud
characteristic powsy Smart
Tool devices
Weight Voltage
~3.5V

Challenges
Water
Li-water Tech.
pollution
intensive cost (407.4)

Fe
Mining Fe
Manufacturing
China (314th)

Heral Se
Usage
Range
Transportation
storage

Fire

Triangle
Fire

Fuel
↳

Oxygen
 Page 2 of 12

causes

eg. NOKIA

I
Production flaws, Impurities

↑
Gue
-

Design Fun
+- Many
acturin
g Thermal
Thermal -> Heat ->
Paro-
Disposal 2 -

que - shortcircuit runaway

Informal 2. ! usage ↳ -> Internal ->
Sector que
storage
↓ Mechanical -> punctur ↓
- Electrical is
conditions ↓ ↓ chargew Firz
Heat Staff
I

Solutions
GST/DBT/IR

Guidelines Storage Training Design BMS

Technology
↓
Inspection,
Fuse, Solid
eg.
auto Stati Regulation
cut
off battery

lectric Vehicles
=

Advantages
Healthy environment (cleand
efficient energy/ Benefits
No pollutants No tailpipe
Maintence
emissions
Decarbonize energy ·

1SOX, NOx
(CO2, HG)
eg. WHO INDC security ·

running cost
eg. electric ·
Noise
2801. oil
engines aimports)
(v TT1.)
cg.
 Page 3 of 12

Challenges
0
Govt.
Manufacturing
-

-
A -
-

↓ supply sides

↓
sick)
I
↳Demand
↓ A

I cost -

Policy
·

R
Technolog charging
.
&

C
. 8·

anga
·
&

8
- ⑧
⑤
&

Raw material (hi) infra

anxiety
·

cost
·

Five
·

Semi-conductors,
e.
controllers
↑

Solution

factoring momer structure

Policy
- -

FAME- MOP, lectric

# Vehicle
PLI MBBL

Policy 2020
-

A:Autonomous. As

Web 3.0 B:Blockchain

C:
cryptocurrency
D:
web 10 Web 2.0
Decentralized.
↓ Applications:
to
Static
Pages · Interactive A D D T

· content
Uscus create
I

Dale, owned
by Tech.
I
·

Trust less
- Decentralize
~

Democratize
R2
S WPI

WDL 43
#
s
WP3
B
WPY
1
A
56
 Page 4 of 12
****- Digital Decentralized Ledger
Blockchain
eb -

Decentralized
I- Immutable
Advantages
->

-> I
-
Encrypted
->
I-
Traceable, Transparent

eg. DBT eg. Audit

Applications Good corruption

Health
gov Smart

EE X
social
Governance con tracts

Fur
Economy cryptocurrency

mainder
try
eg. subl
Inclus

San
Banking
management
-

Agriculture
eg. Land
records

Challenges solutions

Security Policy National

strategy on B. chain

Privacy
Institutions COE
Infra
power, Memory, Initiatives
Indiachain
Technology Finance

others..... HRM
↑
 Page 5 of 12

M Malaficl ->
Scars/Frands

I
A Anonymous E and -
Cryptocurrency B Blockchain. ssues Energy
C.
border flow
C
cross
R
Regulations gal
I

Jurisdiction
Features B Decentralized P
I
I
E
Encrylated
F Fast

stangiblePrietalan

NFT
Applications Working
Blockchain
-

Digital
art
Music Industry
NFT

Gaming ·

Digital
wallet
Market place

Challenges Int
Ownership Economic orgy. Env

security
crime
↑
↑
V I f I
W

Energy
2 2
status Terror
No
legal Finance,
IP
Tracing,
Speculative frouds
cost

Monay
tracking laundering
 Page 6 of 12

Medicine
DRONE
·

from
~

sky project Monitoring,

·

spray,
*

Health

Agriculture seeding
&

National

Gun
Security
Applications Law & Order
·
crowd, traffic
Disaster

Management Urban-Rural
Environment Development
Surveillance,
·

Search,
Monitoring SVAMITUA
& ·
·

Rescue Check
poaching
*
A

-
free
Challenges
Accessibility. security
I

Anonymity -

Privacy

A Drone Rules 2021.

Drone corridors
Drone
-

classification
Air zone

classification Digital sky

Nano Large Platform
small Red Green
Micro

Mini yellow
 Page 7 of 12
Nuclear
Energy
3 e
I tag programme
/Nuclear Stage I stage 2
Natural ->PHWR
electricity X in
Energy
-

zit uranium Pu
Large hydro v] -> FBR
->
electricity
Basket Depleted
-> PV, U233
5391
--wind

coal
I

35.4.1. -
Solar
(T., US
R. E AHWR
Biomass

small
hydro Stage 3
electricity

Nuclear Fission
· Ex. NO CO2, Sox,NOx
-

Advantages e
:
↳ ·

Strategic oil

! ->. Fuel ->

High density
energy

↑ z...$
Energy Security
Thorium
Radio isotolos -
Health
cycl I -

Defence reactors
per 1
unit

3
compact

decentralize
-

↳
submarine etc. ·

! generation.
Space ->
RTG
↑
- IT T
Land 1000 MW wind 360 times less
·
usage ->

Challenges clear radiation

Initial cost $
· Meltdown

control
regime Tech. i
Kaste Mgmt.- radio active

Iimports Fuel

. 3
/
u
Proliferation
> WMD
-

NPT, CTBT, NSG IR.

↑
decontamination
-
Water

- land acquisition

Nuclear Fusion

XS. Fission

Energy density
Raw Material easy -

availability
Waste - less radio-active

Proliferation risk -> 11

 Plants:plant Page 8 of 12

BIO-TECHNOLOGY branding,
T F:Biofertilizer
7 P:BioPesticicle - ItTacin, Microbial pesticides

Agriculture is: GM crops GM colon

-

↓Animal:Fertilization, Growth
hormone

-
Marine:Fish, seaweed farming
biofuels. bio-remediation Environment
·
~

de-extinction BD Others
·
<

chemicals, enzymes
Industry
·

<
bio
degradable plastics proan oftherapeutic drugs;
TR.DNA:Biomanufacturing
Mass
-

e.g. Insulin

·
Taste, texture,
nutrition, Food Stem cell Therapy: regenerative medicine
e.g.
fermentation
<Gene Therapy:Personalized medicine, genetic defects, CRISPR-CAS9

Health
>Molecular
clicy:understanding pathophysiology - PCR, ELISA;medical imaging

-Medicine:accurate eg. Monoclonal antibodies

~
Vaccines:discovery of new molecules mRNA
e.g. Pfizer
CHALLENGES
,

Privacy
-

> Individual genome

Economic
-

Long gestation, regulation,

>

Socio-economic, affordability
~
Ethical >
Designer baby, ecological harm

-Security > bio-weapon, bio-terrorism, bio-piracy

VACCINES At
GOVERNANCE
Drugs and cosmetics

trial
Act
1940.

Drugs and clinical rules, 2019

PROCESS

:
Trial:
-
↳
oval:

·
DCG]
-

permission

·
ICMR -

registration Pd ( Ph2
0
Pb5
I
I Central
Clinical Drug Standard
Pharmacology Exploratory confirmatory
Control Org.
I I I

2 10-12 1000 -
2000

TYPES: ⑳

-
X - X X
Live
Inactivated subunit, Viral RNA
alternated vector
in

Conjugate
X Y
↓ - X
·
weakene ·
Killed virus ·
Specific piece, ·
target DNA ·
Antigen MRNA
virus
t

↑
Sequence
↓
S

harmless virus
vector
x

eg. Smallpox,
chickenpox,
cy. Polic x
↑ ↓
MMR Hepa titis A, Covishield 26.COVID (Mockuna,
eg. IS
·

3
Covaxcin
Pfizer)
sputnik,
1
 Page 9 of 12

↑
Genome / Gene
Editing Tools

T
· Genetic
engineering gene+--
-

SgRNA
non-specific specific (guide RNA)
IBSC Insc. bio safety

3
-

SDN1
(CAS9I
Types
committee
&FN TAKEN CRISPR
SDN2

SDN 3 - > GEAL Las 9

(molecular

scissor)

Keywords trait
stocking, germline
L mutation, precision medicine,
off-targetmutations,
drive
gene
Applications

↑
(Zika)
Diseases-modelling disease, CART-Kille
malignant cells, vector borne

Jiankui-R5
·
He
I
correct mutations (sparent baby)
-
Trait
stacking-selecting several traits

Gene diagnostics-cancer predisposition eg. STERLOCK

Functional
genes screening-Precision
-
medicine

Mutation
libraries-predicting diseases I cre

environment-De-extinction

Food
security-yield, disease resistance, taste, texture

Industrial BT, 3rd Geu biofuel

Challenges n

↑
Off-targetmutations:
-

Germline
editing: permanentpopulation change
train
Ecological Impact:Gene
Unknown
drive:ve
throughout population
-> Sickejjects:Jesse Gelsimer (Death), Leukenria
q
unethical
Designer babies: He Jiankui
-

Regulation:RID, Field trials, Market introduction

 Page 10 of 12
mRNA Vaecine

mRNAto
uses
antigen-encoding stimulate
adaptive immune response.
-

Mechanism Genetic antigen

I
bodies B. T
Immunological
builds
Engineering Encoding
-> -> wals -
mRNA
foreign activated memory
protection
injection
-

-- Advantages -

Naked viral

↑
Narro
MRNA Particle Vector
case
of design-Moderna mRNA-1273 (days)
injection vecher Faster
manufacturing -
22
days
Lower cost
of production
interaction with Genomic DNA:
No
cytoplasm
Higher efficacy. Pfizer-Bion Tech (90-95%)

·walling Disadvantageits Non-infections (No active

pathogen
eg. urt 123 (-ss-ee · R&D

Reactogenicity-autoimmune response
·

Manufacturing
·
Distribution
Hesilancy - new

technology Monopoly
·

Stem Cell
Therapy Classification
·
all specialized cells
Timeline
Potency
E A I Induced I
Embryonic Adult P
M
stem stem pluripotent Totipotent Pluripotent Multipotent
How it works? alls alls stem cells

stain
cells -> specialization -
Implantation
extraction

Advantages
-

↑
Regenerative medicine. Repair response of diseased, dysfunctional
or
injured tissues

Parkinsons, Diabetes
eg.
Organ repair/transplant:reduced I rejection risk

Minimal invasive procedure

Disease
study: medicine
response
 Page 11 of 12
GM CROPS

Revenue
T
- Food security
> SDG Goals

Advantages/Benefits Govt.
Income
>

sads > Farmers

Industry
Raw material L

Environment - Soil
society
Reduced tocicity
-
Nutrition prices
security

Issues (Challenges Target

Non-target

Foreign past
-super was
funded i

NGO Ecology, Ectinction

PSCC-

GEAL,
Monocropping
Regulation ->
Biodiversity ->
Govt BD TF
(2004)
Reduced

Income [

Farmet
Greenpeaut yield 2
Industry >Monopoly Price manip.
↑
->

-
Terminator seeds
↓
SOCIO
Govt. sector withdraw
economic

Manual <- HT
labour
 To T Page 12 of 12
IPR Economic Growth
G Science
WTO
Rights FBI
Innovation.

Innovation (comp.
d
.

0 11 investment
Recover
A
-

*
·

RnD

·Products
2 ·
services/cost
·
Knowledge sharing
⑳

Governance
L
X - ↓
International Institutions
were e
Acts
e
Policy -

WTO-TRIPS
· The Patents Act, 1970
·
National
· IPR · Indian Patent office.
WIPO
·
policy, 1970
The
·
Geographical
Indication of Goods
Act, 1999

0
IPR Issues $ d
-
T

IPO

Evergreening
·

-
Institutional Pancency
-

IPAB
x
CL.
Lagal Adjudication
·

IPR Issues
-

· Data X
MNC 0 7. Awareness
Exclusivity I A x knowledge flow
·
Monopoly
International

1
special 301 Report
-
India-EU FTA