The Cell

The basic membrane-bound unit that contains the

fundamental molecules of life and of which all
living things are composed. A single cell is often a
complete organism in itself, such as a bacterium
or yeast. Other cells acquire specialized functions
as they mature.

Types of
Organelles: (eukaryotic) cell
Organelles:
1. Plasma membrane
2. Nucleus 1. Cell wall
3. Nucleolus 2. Plasma membrane
4. Ribosomes 3. Nucleus
5. Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) 4. Nucleolus
6. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SRE) 5. Ribosomes
7. Golgi apparatus 6. Rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER)
8. Mitochondria 7. Smooth endoplasmic reticulum (SER)
9. Lysosomes Animal Cell Plant Cell 8. Golgi apparatus
10. Centrosome and centrioles 9. Mitochondria
11. Cytoskeleton 10. Plastids (chloroplasts, leukoplasts, chromoplasts,
chromoplasts)
11. Central vacuole
12. Cytoskeleton
13. Centrosome and centrioles

An animal cell is a type of eukaryotic
cell that lacks a cell wall and has a true,
Funtion (5 organelles) membrane-bound nucleus along with
other cellular organelles.
A plant cell is the type of eukaryotic cell
of which many plant tissues are
composed. Often, it is described with
the features of a parenchyma cell of a Funtion (5 organelles)
vascular plant.

Golgi apparatus:
Modifies, sorts, packages, and transports proteins and lipids produced in the cell.
Materials enter the Golgi from the endoplasmic reticulum and undergo various Funtion: Main Characteristics: Vacuole:
chemical modifications before being directed to their final destination, either inside Main Characteristics: Function: Stores water, nutrients, wastes and various substances, helping
or outside the cell. to maintain cell turgor and regulating the concentration of solutes
in the cell.
Ribosomes:
They are responsible for protein synthesis from the genetic information contained in Chloroplasts:
messenger RNA (mRNA). They can be found free in the cytoplasm or attached to Contain pigments such as chlorophyll and perform
the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER). photosynthesis, converting solar energy into chemical energy
(glucose) and releasing oxygen.
Centrioles:
They are involved in the formation and organization of microtubules during cell Leukoplasts:
division. They help form the mitotic spindle, which is essential for chromosome Function: store nutrients such as starch, oils and proteins.
separation during mitosis and meiosis.
Chromoplasts:
Lysosomes: Plant cells have a cell wall as well as a Function: contain pigments that provide color to flowers and
They are eukaryotic cells, their genetic cell membrane. In plants, the cell wall fruits.
Contain digestive enzymes that break down worn-out cellular materials, defective Some important functions of an animal Photosynthesis is the major function
content is enclosed in a membranous surrounds the cell membrane. This
organelles and particles captured from the environment. They are responsible for cell include giving the animal's body its performed by plant cells.
structure called the nucleus. gives the plant cell its typical Cell wall:
cellular digestion and recycling of components. structure, absorbing nutrients to Photosynthesis occurs in the
rectangular shape. Animal cells have chloroplasts of the plant cell. It is the Provides structural support and protection to the plant cell. It is
convert to energy, and helping animals They have variable shapes and sizes. only a cell membrane, and lack a cell composed mainly of cellulose, which gives it rigidity.
Mitochondria: move. They also contain all the process of preparing food by the
They are known as the "powerhouses" of the cell. They perform cellular respiration, wall.
hereditary material of an organism and They do not have a cell wall, unlike plants, by utilising sunlight, carbon
a process in which they convert nutrients (such as glucose) and oxygen into usable plant cells. dioxide and water. Energy is produced
can make copies of themselves. Only plant cells have chloroplasts.
energy in the form of ATP (adenosine triphosphate), along with the release of carbon in the form of ATP in the process.
Plants do not get their sugars from
dioxide and water. They have organelles, which are eating food, so they have to make
membrane-bound compartments within sugars from sunlight. This process
the cell, with specific functions. (photosynthesis) happens in the
chloroplast.