PHILIPPINE CHRISTIAN UNIVERSITY

DASMARINAS CAMPUS

GEOLOGY FOR CIVIL ENGINEERING

RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT NO.1

GROUP 5
CHARLES GERALD ENRIQUEZ
KYLLE ASCURA
RIOGEN JR ODVINA
BSCVE 2-B

ENGR. JOMINA D. SAFLOR

MARCH 15, 2023

 Mechanics of rock materials

A basic understanding of the physical, chemical and mineralogical properties of rocks is not sufficient for
engineers. Because when dealing with rocks as engineering materials, engineers deal with the mechanics of
rocks and other soil materials. Mechanics refers to the response of a material to applied loads. Although the
same mechanical principles apply to all types of soil materials, two subfields, rock mechanics and soil
mechanics, have been developed to address the specific problems of rocks and clods. The application of
dynamics is also important for understanding tectonic processes and natural deformation of rock masses in the
Earth's lithosphere, as well as near-surface processes such as large-scale desertification and land subsidence.
These topics are covered in the next chapter.

General types of Earth Materials.

Rocks

Rocks are solid mineral substances in the earth or underground that form part of the earth's surface. The outer
layer of the world is rock. By geological definition, rocks are formed by the combination of one or more
minerals. Granite, for example, is composed of the minerals quartz, feldspar, and biotite.

Soil

Soil is the loose surface material that covers most of the country. It is composed of inorganic particles and
organic matter. Soil provides structural support for plants used in agriculture and is also a source of water and
nutrients. Soils vary widely in chemical and physical properties.

Fluids

A fluid is defined as a substance that continually deforms (flows) under an applied shear stress regardless of the
magnitude of the applied stress. Whereas a solid can resist an applied force by static deformation. Deformation
of a solid and a fluid exposed to an applied force.

Rocks are solid, dense aggregates of mineral grains. Igneous and metamorphic rocks are composed of
interlocking mineral grains that were formed by crystallization from a magma or by recrystallization of an
existing rock. The degree of interlocking of the mineral grains is one of several factors that determine how
strong a rock will be. Chemically precipitated sedimentary rocks can also be interlocking aggregates of mineral
grains. Clastic sedimentary rocks, on the other hand, are composed of particles that were derived from a
preexisting rock. These particles were then transported by wind, water, or ice, deposited at a particular location,
and bound together by various types and amounts of cementing agents. Even more important than the inherent
properties of a rock are the properties of the rock mass, the field-scale volume of rock that includes fractures,
joints, and other planes of weakness. Soils, from the engineering standpoint, are similar to transported
sedimentary rocks in that they consist of rock particles and minerals derived.

Rock mechanics is a complicated wisdom compared with solid mechanics, fluid mechanics, and drugs. The
exploration object of gemstone mechanics is colorful types of gemstone mass engineering, whose gemstone
mass material parcels are affected by a series of blights( crevices, cracks, pores, voids, faults,etc.). The scale
region of these blights is above the mesoscopic and bitsy scales, and below the macroscopic scale, where it's
delicate to find statistical laws. thus, it's delicate to determine the reasonable statistical scale of volume units
when constructing the theoretical system of mechanics.

As an independent applied introductory discipline, gemstone mechanics has the following introductory
rudiments independent exploration object, independent service field, independent testing machine and system,
independent native or physical law, and independent theoretical system. Research from the direction of these
rudiments has guided the wisdom and engineering technology of colorful gemstone mass problems in the
history, and unborn advances will still revolve around them. Hence, the end of this Special Issue is to publish
original exploration and review papers on new trends in these directions including test instruments and styles,
mechanical parcels of gemstone and gemstone mass, the theoretical analysis of mechanics, numerical
simulation and intelligent algorithms, engineering gemstone mass ways, and vaticination and forestallment
ways for gemstone mass disaster.

REFERENCE

https://l.facebook.com/l.php?u=https%3A%2F%2Fdokumen.pub%2Fgeology-for-engineers-and-
environmental-scientists-third-edition-pearson-new-international-edition-1292039108-1269374508-
9781292039107-9781269374507.html%3Ffbclid
%3DIwAR28Xek748I6wGYIatc7Z2i563H3QVTU3ZKhsf4iZV7PbG7oYFEcVo8Trzw&h=AT3Y7JxGpn
qeLZUfs8JVRjNEovTgS5-ISx9jmpmE-
kJwNXHwkjVbbvRDI5p3UxyCs_zsjDp5ffTNTQX7HMwSOarb3vGhk4f1nYNwk27A5W5QdDNjio3pO
KWFMOoyX8jZqNt753G8CXc6pXk