Water-Supply-System-for-High-Rise-Buildings - PDF Version 1

NAMPAP VISAYAS MID-YEAR TECHNICAL CONFERENCE 2023
Design of Water
Supply System for
High Rise Buildings
FELEMUEL D. BULLOS JR.
REGISTERED MASTER PLUMBER PRC #5756
CIVIL ENGINEER PRC #92709
ASEAN ENGINEER AER #8874
PROJECT MANAGEMENT PROFESSIONAL –PMI PMP® #2015503
CERTIFIED MATERIALS ENGINEER 1 DPWH #3943
CEO & DIRECTOR FOR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

FELANDRO CORPORATION
DEAN, COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

ADMINISTRATIVE DEAN, COLLEGE OF MARITIME EDUCATION
PHINMA UNIVERSITY OF ILOILO
M: 09158097955
E : fdbullos010215@gmail.com / fdbullos.ui@phinmaed.com
Our Objectives
At the end of this presentation we will be able to:
• Review the Common types of building water

supply systems for low rise and high rise buildings
• Determine the most efficient water supply
system for high rise buildings
• Recall the principles of Bernoulli’s Energy
Equation
• Design the size of Building Water Supply Riser
Water Supply System

for Low Rise Buildings
Common types of building water supply systems

Low Rise Buildings
Water Main
Distribution
Low Rise Buildings
• Water Main
• Booster Pump
• Distribution

Low Rise Buildings
• Water Main
• Receiving Tank
• Pump
• Distribution

Low Rise Buildings
• Water Main
• Receiving Tank
• Pump
• Elevated Tank
• Distribution
Water Supply System

for High Rise Buildings
Types of building water supply systems
High Rise Buildings

3
Pressure Zones
• Water Main 2
• Receiving Tank
• Single Large Pump
• Pressure Reducing Valve
• Distribution
1
A. Single booster system

Pressure Zones
2


High Rise Buildings
3
Pressure Zones
• Water Main 2
• Receiving Tank
• Multiple Small Pumps
• Distribution
1
B. Zone-divided booster system

Pressure Zones
2


High Rise Buildings
Pressure Zones
• Water Main
• Receiving Tank 2
• Single Large Pump
• Elevated Tank + Booster Pump
• Pressure Reducing Valve
• Distribution 1
C. Single booster system

with roof top tank
Pressure Zones
2
C. Single booster system

with roof top tank

High Rise Buildings
• Water Main
• Receiving Tank
• Series-connected booster
pumps with break tanks
• Distribution
D. Series-connected booster
systems with intermediate
break tanks
D. Series-connected booster
systems with intermediate
break tanks

High Rise Buildings
• Water Main
• Receiving Tank
• Series-connected booster
pumps
• Distribution
E. Series-connected booster
systems without intermediate
break tanks
E. Series-connected booster
systems without intermediate
break tanks
Summary: Water Supply Systems for

High Rise Buildings
C. Single booster system with roof top tank
D. Series-connected booster systems with

intermediate break tanks
E. Series-connected booster systems without

intermediate break tanks
Study: Building case is 80 meters tall, comprising 19

floors and 5 different hydraulic zones
Study: Building case is 80 meters tall, comprising 19

floors and 5 different hydraulic zones
Pressure Reducing Valve

What is a Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV)?

Why use PRVs?

Let us design …
Water Supply Pipe Sizing Design Methods
o Using RNPC Tables and Graphs

- Table 6-6
- Annex A
RECOMMENDED RULES FOR SIZING THE WATER
SUPPLY SYSTEM
o Using Hydraulic Calculations
o Using Plumbing Design Software

- Elite SPipe
Water Supply Pipe Sizing Design Method

o Using RNPC Tables (limitations)
The Hydraulics of Plumbing:

Water Supply System Design
2
Let us recall together…
Z
The Bernoulli’s Energy Equation (BEE)
for full pipe flow 1 datum
From point 1 to point 2
flow
V2 P V2 P
[   Z ]1  H  [   Z ]2  h f  ha
2g  W 2g  W
V2/2g = velocity head, m

P/w = pressure head, m
Z = elevation head in reference to the defined datum, m
H = head added along the flow line (by pump), m
hf = head loss due to flow friction from 1 to 2, m
ha = additional head losses (from fittings) along flowline, m
2
Let us go a bit dipper …
Z
flow
V2 P V2 P
[   Z ]1  H  [   Z ]2  h f  ha
2g  W 2g  W
The Velocity Head: V2/2g
g = acceleration due to gravity = 9.81 m/s2
V = velocity of flow, m/s
Q = discharge, m3/s
A = cross-sectional area, m2
D = pipe internal diameter, m
2
Z
flow
V2 P V2 P
[   Z ]1  H  [   Z ]2  h f  ha
2g  W 2g  W
The Velocity Head: V2/2g
Note: Running BEE from (or to) a water tank, the

velocity head is zero (0).
V2
[ ]1  0
2g
2
Z
flow
V2 P V2 P
[   Z ]1  H  [   Z ]2  h f  ha
2g  W 2g  W
The Pressure Head: P / w
P = pressure at point of consideration, kPa, kN/m2

w = unit weight of water, 9.81 kN/m3
2
Z
flow
V2 P V2 P
[   Z ]1  H  [   Z ]2  h f  ha
2g  W 2g  W
The Elevation Head: Z
Z = elevation (+) or depression (-) of point in reference to
specified datum, m
Note: In figure above, Z1=0 and Z2=+Z

2
Z
flow
V2 P V2 P
[   Z ]1  H  [   Z ]2  h f  ha
2g  W 2g  W
The Head Added by the Pump: H
H = head added by the pump installed along the flowline, m
Note: H is the total head added by the pump from both suction and discharge side. This is
one of the important data needed in pump selection together with the discharge (pump
flow), Q. Other data needed are dependent on the type of pump to be used.
Example: For centrifugal pump, number of stages and speed (rpm) are required inputs in
order to select the appropriate pump to be used.
2
Z
flow
V2 P V2 P
[   Z ]1  H  [   Z ]2  h f  ha
2g  W 2g  W
The Head Loss Due to Skin Friction: hf
hf = head loss due to skin friction along the flowline, m
Manning’s Formula:
2 2 n = Roughness coefficient (dependent on pipe material)

6.35n LV
hf 
L = length of pipeline, m
V = Velocity of flow, m/s
D4/3 D = Internal diameter of pipe, m
Manning's Roughness
Surface Material
Coefficient
-n-
Asbestos cement 0.011
Asphalt 0.016
Brass 0.011
Cast-iron, new 0.012
Concrete - finished 0.012
Copper 0.011
Corrugated metal 0.022
Galvanized iron 0.016
Glass 0.01
Gravel 0.029
Lead 0.011
Metal - corrugated 0.022
Plastic 0.009
Polyethylene PE - Corrugated with smooth inner walls 0.009
Polyethylene PE - Corrugated with corrugated inner walls 0.018
Polyvinyl Chloride PVC - with smooth inner walls 0.009

Steel - smooth 0.012
2
Z
flow
V2 P V2 P
[   Z ]1  H  [   Z ]2  h f  ha
2g  W 2g  W
The Additional Head Loss Developed at Fittings: ha
ha = additional head loss developed at all fittings along flowline, m
Excess Head (K) Method :
KV 2 V = Velocity of flow, m
ha  g = 9.81 m/s2 = acceleration due to gravity
2g K = fitting factor
K Values (Source: neutrium.net)

Fitting Types K
Standard (R/D = 1) 0.35
45° Elbow
Long Radius (R/D = 1.5) 0.2
Standard (R/D = 1) 0.75
90° Elbow Curved
Long Radius (R/D = 1.5) 0.45
90° Elbow Square or Mitred 1.3

180° Bend Close Return 1.5
Tee, Run Through Branch Blanked 0.4
Tee, as Elbow Entering in run 1
Tee, as Elbow Entering in branch 1
Tee, Branching Flow 1
Coupling 0.04
Union 0.04

Fully Open 0.17
3/4 Open 0.9
Gate valve
1/2 Open 4.5
1/4 Open 24
Fully Open 2.3
3/4 Open 2.6
Diaphragm valve
1/2 Open 4.3
1/4 Open 21
Fully Open 6
Globe valve, Bevel Seat
1/2 Open 9.5
Globe Valve, Fully Open 6
Composition seat 1/2 Open 8.5
Fully Open 9
3/4 Open 13
Plug disk
1/2 Open 36
1/4 Open 112
Angle valve Fully Open 2
Y valve or blowoff valve Fully Open 3
θ= 5° 0.05
θ= 10° 0.29
Plug cock θ= 20° 1.56
θ= 40° 17.3
θ= 60° 206
θ= 5° 0.24
θ= 10° 0.52
Butterfly valve θ= 20° 1.54
θ= 40° 10.8
θ= 60° 118
Swing 2
Check valve Disk 10
Ball 70
Foot valve 15
Disk 7
Piston 15
Water meter Rotary (star-shaped
10
disk)
Turbine-wheel 6
Alternatively, we may use: RNPCP Table A-2

Sizing of Water Supply

Distribution Riser
Let us design using:
Zone-divided booster system 3
Pressure Zones
2
1
Let us design using:
Zone-divided booster system

STEP 1. Determine the Number of Fixture Units

RNPC TABLE 6-5 WSFU
FIXTURE PRIVATE PUBLIC
Bath tub 2 4
Bidet 2 4
Drinking fountain (each faucet) 1 2
Hose bib or sill cock 3 5
Laundry tub (each pair of faucets) 2 4
Lavatory 1 2
lawn sprinkler 1 1
Shower ( each head) 2 4
Sink or dish washer 2 4
Urinal (flush tank) 3
Urinal (pedestal or similar type) 10
Urinal (stall) 5
Urinal (wall) 5
Water closet (flush tank) 3 5
Water closet (economical flush) 2.5 4
Water closet (flushometer tank) 3 5
Water closet (flushometer valve) 6 10
Public
Identify the Type of Installation Or
PRIVATE
TAKE FROM
Compute the total number of TABULATED
Fixture Units , WSFU COMPUTATION OF
TOTAL WSFU
RNPC TABLE 6-5 WSFU

FIXTURE PRIVATE PUBLIC
Bath tub 2 4
Bidet 2 4
Drinking fountain (each faucet) 1 2
Hose bib or sill cock 3 5
Laundry tub (each pair of faucets) 2 4
Lavatory 1 2
lawn sprinkler 1 1
Shower ( each head) 2 4
Sink or dish washer 2 4
Urinal (flush tank) 3
Urinal (pedestal or similar type) 10
Urinal (stall) 5
Urinal (wall) 5
Water closet (flush tank) 3 5
Water closet (economical flush) 2.5 4
Water closet (flushometer tank) 3 5
Water closet (flushometer valve) 6 10
STEP 2. Determine the Flow Demand, Q

Use Chart A-2 & A-3 of RNPC (pp. 172-173)
WSFU
WSFU
Total Demand Flow, Q = ______ li/sec

STEP 3. Specify Pipe Geometry
Pipe internal diameter, D ______ ,mm
Pipe internal area, A
______ ,mm2
Total Pipe Length, L ______ ,m

STEP 4. Velocity of Flow, V
______ ,m/sec
Note:
The velocity of flow, V, shall be as per pipe manufacturer’s
recommendation and in no case be greater than 3.0m/s.
STEP 5.
Specify the Residual Pressure required at the Highest
Group of Fixtures
Note: 10.45m = 103.45KPa = 15psi minimum fixture residual

pressure
STEP 6. Compute The Friction Head Loss Using
Manning's Formula.
Manning's
Roughness
Surface Material
Identify the type Coefficient
-n-
of pipe material Asbestos cement 0.011
to be used and Asphalt 0.016
Brass 0.011
determine the Cast-iron, new 0.012
Manning’s Concrete - finished 0.012
Copper 0.011
Roughness Corrugated metal 0.022
Coefficient using Galvanized iron 0.016
Glass 0.01
the table: Gravel 0.029
Lead 0.011
Metal - corrugated 0.022
Plastic 0.009
Polyethylene PE - Corrugated with smooth inner walls 0.009
Polyethylene PE - Corrugated with corrugated inner
0.018
walls
Polyvinyl Chloride PVC - with smooth inner walls 0.009
Steel - smooth 0.012
Take the Roughness Coefficient, n, from the table
n = __________
Friction Head loss : 6.35n2LV 2 ____ m

hf  4/3

D
STEP 7.
Estimate Additional Head Losses In The System
ha = __________ m
Calculation of Pressure Loss from Fittings

- Excess Head (K) Method :
KV 2
ha 
2g
V = Velocity of flow, m
g = 9.81 m/s2 = acceleration due to gravity
K = fitting factor
ha = Additional head loss from fittings, m
STEP 8. Compute Required Energy of Flow

When Upfeed or pneumatic System is to be Used
P
 10.45  Z  hf  ha
w
P = required pressure at pump discharge, kpa

Z = Elevation Head (Height of the highest fixtures above the pump
discharge), m
hf = major head loss due to friction, m
ha = Additional head loss, m
Always consider the highest fixture outlet.
Z
STEP 9.
Summarize the Important Data.
SUMMARY:
Pipe internal diameter, D mm
Total Demand Flow, Q li /sec
Velocity of flow, V m/sec
Required minimum water source pressure, P psi
Required Residual Pressure at Fixture Tip psi

Summary: Sizing of Water Supply

Distribution Riser
STEP 1. Determine the Number of Fixture Units
STEP 2. Determine the Flow Demand, Q
STEP 3. Specify Pipe Geometry
STEP 4. Velocity of Flow, V
STEP 5. Specify the Residual Pressure required at the Highest
Group of Fixtures
STEP 6. Compute the friction head loss using manning's formula.
STEP 7. Estimate additional head losses in the system
STEP 8. Compute required energy of flow
STEP 9. Summarize the Important Data.
SAMPLE PROBLEM
Design the size of PVC pipe riser to supply a pressure

zone from 6th to 10th floor of a condominium
building of 10 units per floor. Each condo unit has 1
flush tank water closet, 1 shower head, 1 lavatory, 1
hose bib, 1 laundry tub and 1 kitchen sink.
Additional data given are:
Elevation of highest fixture from ground = 34m

Length of building supply pipe / riser = 50m
10 fittings with average K-value of 1.0 each
Solution:
Z
Solution:
Solution:
Solution:
Solution:
Solution:
Solution:
Solution:
THANK YOU!
FELEMUEL D. BULLOS JR.

REGISTERED MASTER PLUMBER PRC #5756
ASEAN ENGINEER AER #8874
PROJECT MANAGEMENT PROFESSIONAL –PMI PMP® #2015503
CIVIL ENGINEER PRC #92709
CERTIFIED MATERIALS ENGINEER 1 DPWH #3943
SAUDI COUNCIL OF ENGINEERS –CE #222517
CEO & DIRECTOR FOR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

FELANDRO CORPORATION
DEAN, COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

ADMINISTRATIVE DEAN, COLLEGE OF MARITIME EDUCATION
PHINMA UNIVERSITY OF ILOILO
M: 09158097955
E : fdbullos010215@gmail.com / fdbullos.ui@phinmaed.com

Water-Supply-System-for-High-Rise-Buildings - PDF Version 1

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Water-Supply-System-for-High-Rise-Buildings - PDF Version 1

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

NAMPAP VISAYAS MID-YEAR TECHNICAL CONFERENCE 2023

CEO & DIRECTOR FOR ENGINEERING AND TECHNOLOGY

DEAN, COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

At the end of this presentation we will be able to:

• Review the Common types of building water

Water Supply System

Common types of building water supply systems

Common types of building water supply systems

Low Rise Buildings

Common types of building water supply systems

Common types of building water supply systems

Water Supply System

Types of building water supply systems

High Rise Buildings

A. Single booster system

A. Single booster system

Types of building water supply systems

B. Zone-divided booster system

B. Zone-divided booster system

Types of building water supply systems

C. Single booster system

C. Single booster system

Types of building water supply systems

Types of building water supply systems

Summary: Water Supply Systems for

B. Zone-divided booster system

C. Single booster system with roof top tank

D. Series-connected booster systems with

E. Series-connected booster systems without

Study: Building case is 80 meters tall, comprising 19

Study: Building case is 80 meters tall, comprising 19

Pressure Reducing Valve

What is a Pressure Reducing Valve (PRV)?

Why use PRVs?

Water Supply Pipe Sizing Design Methods

o Using RNPC Tables and Graphs

o Using Hydraulic Calculations

o Using Plumbing Design Software

Water Supply Pipe Sizing Design Method

The Hydraulics of Plumbing:

V2/2g = velocity head, m

Note: Running BEE from (or to) a water tank, the

P = pressure at point of consideration, kPa, kN/m2

Note: In figure above, Z1=0 and Z2=+Z

2 2 n = Roughness coefficient (dependent on pipe material)

Polyethylene PE - Corrugated with corrugated inner walls 0.018

Polyvinyl Chloride PVC - with smooth inner walls 0.009

K Values (Source: neutrium.net)

90° Elbow Square or Mitred 1.3

K Values (Source: neutrium.net)

Alternatively, we may use: RNPCP Table A-2

Sizing of Water Supply

Let us design using:

Zone-divided booster system 3

Let us design using:

Zone-divided booster system

STEP 1. Determine the Number of Fixture Units

RNPC TABLE 6-5 WSFU

STEP 2. Determine the Flow Demand, Q

Total Demand Flow, Q = ______ li/sec

STEP 3. Specify Pipe Geometry

Pipe internal diameter, D ______ ,mm

Pipe internal area, A