SBOASeni

orSecondar
ySchool
,Madur
ai-
19
ECONOMI
CS-CHAPTER-
2
Sect
orsofeconomy–NCERTsol
uti
ons
6.Doyouthi
nkthecl
assi
fi
cati
onofeconomi
cact
ivi
ti
esi
ntopr
imar
y,secondar
y
andter
ti
aryi
suseful
?Expl
ainhow.
Answer :Theclassif
icati
onofeconomi cacti
vi
tiesintopri
mar y,secondaryandtert
iar
y
i
susef ulasithelpstoclassi
fythedif
ferentoccupationsthataret akenupbythe
peopl
ei nthecount ryandhowmucheachsect orcontri
butestot hegrowthofthe
country.I
tisalsoimpor t
antbecauseithelpsinasserti
ngt hatwhi chsect
or
contr
ibutesthemosti ntheGDPandwhi chsect orhasthescopet oemploymor e
peopl
eandi ncreasetheNational
Income.
7.Foreachofthesect
orst
hatwecameacrossi
nt hi
schapt erwhyshoul
done
focusonemploymentandGDP?Coul
dther
ebeot herissueswhichshoul
dbe
examined?Di
scuss.
Answer :Empl oymentandGDPar et woofthemostimportantfactorsinthe
dev el
opmentofacount r
y.EmploymentandGDPar eusedt ocalculat
etheov eral
l
productiv
ityandNat i
onalincomeofacountry.I
facountr
yhasahi ghempl oyment
rate,i
tsGDP, NationalI
ncomeandpercapitaincomewill
aut omatical
lyincrease.
Hencet hesear ethetwothingswhichhav
ebeengi v
enmaj oremphasi sinthis
chapter.Otherissueswhichshoul
dbeexami nedareasfoll
ows:
1.Heal
thcar
efaci
l
iti
es2.Educat
ion3.Pov
ert
y4.FoodPr
oduct
ion5.Nour
ishment
8.Makealongl
istofal
lki
ndsofworkthaty
oufindadultsar
oundy
oudoi
ngf
ora
l
iv
ing.I
nwhatwaycanyouclassi
fyt
hem?Explai
ny ourchoi
ce.
Answer:Theact i
viti
esper f
ormedbyhumanbei ngsf orali
vi
ngareclassifi
edi
nto
thr
eesectors:primary,secondar yandter
ti
ary.Whenweseepeopl earoundus,we
cancl
assifytheirempl oymentsect ori
neit
herofthet hr
eeclassi
fi
cati
ons.Acti
vit
ies
l
ikecl
eaning,agricult
ure,sell
i
ngv eget
abl
esareexampl esofthepri
mar ysect
or.
Manufacturi
ngofgoodsi sanexampl eofthesecondarysector
.Teaching,mi
ning,
banki
ng,transportat
ionar eallexamplesofthetert
iarysect
or.
9.Howist
het
ert
iar
ysect
ordi
ff
erentf
rom ot
hersect
ors?I
ll
ust
rat
ewi
thaf
ew
exampl
es.
Answer :
Thear eacti
vit
iest hathelpinthedev el
opmentoft heprimar yand
secondar ysect
orsarecalledt ert
iaryacti
vit
ies.Theseact i
vi
tiesaredi ffer
entfrom t
he
primaryandsecondar ysect oractiv
iti
es.Theseact i
vit
ies,bythemsel ves, donot
produceagoodbutt heyareanai dorsuppor tfortheproduct i
onpr ocess.For
exampl e,goodsthatareproducedi ntheprimaryorsecondar ysect orwoul dneedto
bet r
anspor t
edbytrucksort r
ainsandt hensoldinwhol esaleandr etailshops.These
transport
ationfaci
li
ti
esandshopkeeper scomeundert heterti
arysect or.Theydonot
producegoodsbutpl ayav eryimpor t
antroleinselli
ngandbr i
ngi
ngt hosegoodst o
themar ket.
10.Whatdoyouunder
standbydisgui
sedunempl
oyment
?Expl
ainwi
thanexampl
e
eachf
rom t
heurbanandruralar
eas.
Answer:Thesi tuati
onofunder empl oyment ,wher epeoplear eapparent l
ywor ki
ng
butal
loft hem aremadet owor klesst hant heirpotenti
aliscall
eddi sguised
unemployment .Inthiscase,theper sonconsi dershimselfempl oyedbuti sactuall
y
notworking.Inruralareas,whereagr i
cult
urei sthemai nsour ceofincome, t
hiskind
ofunempl oymentcanbeseenof ten.Ifapi eceofl andrequi r
esonlyt hreepeopleto
workonitandi nsteadf i
vepeopl earewor ki
ngoni t,t
hent hetwoext rapeopl eare
sai
dtobei nasituati
onofdi sguisedunempl oyment.Inur banareas,disguised
unemploymenti sseenwhenpai nters, pl
umber s,el
ectri
ciansareunabl et ofi
ndwor k
onadailybasisandwor kwayl esst hant heirpotential
.
11.Di
sti
ngui
shbet
weenopenunempl
oymentanddi
sgui
sedunempl
oyment
.
Answer :
Openunempl oymentiswhenaper soni swi l
li
ngtowor k,
iseducatedbuti
s
unabletogetajobandwor k.Thiskindofunempl oymentisvisibl
e.Ontheotherhand,
di
sguisedunemploymentiswhenaper sonisappar entl
yworkingbutismadet o
worklessthanhisorherpotential
.Thi
skindofempl oymenti
squi teevi
dentin
vi
ll
ageswher epeopl
ewor ki
ngi nfarmsconsiderthemsel v
esempl oyedbutare
actual
lyworki
nglessthantheirpotent
ial
.
12.“Ter
ti
arysect
ori
snotplayi
nganysigni
ficantr
olei
nthedevel
opmentofI
ndi
an
economy.”Doyouagree?Gi
vereasonsinsupportofy
ouranswer.
Answer :
No, t
hisisnotcor
rect.Thetert
iar
ysectori
splay
ingasigni
ficantrol
einthe
devel
opmentoft heIndi
anEconomy .Intheyear2003,
theter
ti
arysectorrepl
acedthe
pri
marysectorasthemostpr oduci
ngsect ori
nthecount
ry.Afewreasonst o
supportt
hisaregivenbel
ow:
1.Thepri
maryandsecondar
ysect
orscanonl
yfl
our
ishi
fthet
ert
iar
ysect
ori
sther
e
tosuppor
tthem.
2.Thet
ert
iar
ysect
oraddsupal
ott
otheNat
ional
incomeoft
hecount
ry.
3.Educat
ion,
whichi
sthebasisofev
eryt
hingcomesunderthet
ert
iar
ysect
or.A
personworki
ngasateachercomesunderthet
ert
iar
ysect
or.
4.Thi
ssect
orpr
ovi
dest
hemaxi
mum empl
oymentoppor
tuni
ti
est
othepeopl
eina
count
ry.

13.Ser
vicesect
ori
nIndi
aempl
oyst
wodi
ff
erentki
ndsofpeopl
e.Whoar
ethese?
Answer :Servi
cesect
ori nIndiaemploystwodi f
fer
enttypesofpeopl e.Thesepeopl e
are:
1.Hi ghl
ySkil
l
edlabour ,whichincl
udesteachers,
banker s,I
Tof f
icial
s,etc.These
peoplearepermanentlyempl oyed.2.LessSkil
l
edLabour ,whichincludesv endors,
el
ectri
cians,pl
umber,etc.Thesepeopl earenotpermanentlyempl oyed.
14.Worker
sar
eexploi
tedintheunorgani
sedsect
or.Doy
ouagr
eewi
tht
hisv
iew?
Giver
easonsi
nsupportofyouranswer.
Answer :Theunor ganisedsectorischaracteri
sedbysmal landscatteredunitswhi ch
arelargel
yout si
det hecont r
olofthegov ernment.Therearerulesandr egul
ati
onsbut
thesearenotf oll
owed.Jobsher earelowpai dandnotr egul
ar.Hencei tcor
rectto
saythatwor kersar eexpl
oitedintheunor gani
sedsectorbecausemor eworki staken
from t
hem i ncompar isontowhatt heyarepaid.Theyhav enopr ovi
sionsorext r
apay
foroverti
meandnomedi calbenefi
ts.Thebiggestproblem i
nwor ki
ngi nthi
ssect or
i
st hatthereisnoj obsecur i
ty.
15.Howaretheact
ivi
ti
esi
ntheeconomycl
assi
fi
edont
hebasi
sofempl
oyment
condi
ti
ons?
Answer
:Ont
hebasi
soft
heempl
oymentcondi
ti
ons,
theeconomycanbecl
assi
fi
ed
i
ntot
wosect
ors:
1.OrganisedSector
:Enter
pri
sesr
egi
ster
edundert
heGover
nmentofIndi
a,havean
employeefri
endl
yenvir
onmentandar
eprovi
dedwit
hvar
iousfaci
l
iti
esi
ncl
udinghigh
wages.
2.Unor
gani
sedSect
or:Smal
landscatt
ereduni
tswhi
char
etempor
aryand
empl
oyeesi
nthi
ssect
orarepai
dless.
16.Comparet
heemploy
mentcondi
ti
onspr
evai
li
ngi
ntheor
gani
sedand
unor
gani
sedsect
ors.
Answer:Intheor gani
sedsector
,theemployeesaregivenhigherwages,medical
faci
l
iti
es,ahealthyworkingenvi
ronmentandt hei
rjobsarepermanent.Theyarenot
l
iabl
etol ookforanewsour ceofincomeeachday .Intheunorgani
sedsector,t
he
wagesar elow,theempl oy
eesareexploi
ted,noextrai
ncomef orext
ratimeisgiven,
nomedi calfaci
l
itiesar
eprovi
dedandt hewor kenvi
ronmentisunhealt
hy.
17.Expl
aint
heobj
ect
iveofi
mpl
ement
ingt
heNREGA2005.
Answer:TheNati
onalRural Employ
mentGuar ant
eeAct ,2005wasi nt
roducedwith
anaimtoensureguaranteed100day sofempl oy
menti nay eartoal l
thosewhoar e
i
nneedofwor k.I
talsostatesthati
nthecaseofempl oymentisnotpr ovi
dedunder
thi
sact,empl
oymentwageswi l
lbegiventothoseleftunemploy ed.Addit
ional
employmentopport
unit
iesneedt obecreatedforpeopleinvil
lagesandsmal l
er
towns.
18.Usingexamplesf
rom y
ourareacompar
eandcont
rastt
hatact
ivi
ti
esand
f
uncti
onsofpriv
ateandpubli
csector
s.
Answer:Inthepri
vatesector,theassetsandi ndustri
esareownedbyi ndivi
dualsand
i
nthepubl i
csectorsindustri
esandent erpri
sesar eownedbyt heGov ernment .
Pri
vatesectorworkstoear nprof i
tsandthepubl i
csectorworkstoprov idefaci
li
ti
es
tothepubli
candt oear nprofi
ts.Thecommonexampl esofpublicsectorthatwecan
seearoundusareGov ernmentBanks, PostOf f
ices,munici
palhospit
al andIndian
rai
l
way s.Thecommonexampl esofpr i
vatesectorthatwecanseear oundusar eIT
companies,mall
sandmul ti
plex,etc.
20.Gi
veaf
ewexampl
esofpubl
icsect
oract
ivi
ti
esandexpl
ainwhyt
hegov
ernment
hast
akent
hem up.
Answer:Thepubl
icsectoract
ivi
ti
esaresetf orthebettermentofthepublicit
self.
Thereasongover
nmenthast akenupt hepublicsectorissothatproperfacil
it
iescan
beprovi
dedtothepeopleofthecountry.Banks,tr
anspor t
,ir
ri
gati
on,elect
rici
ty,water
andallt
hebasicthi
ngsthatarenecessaryforpeople,comeundert hepubl i
csector
andprovi
ngthesefaci
li
ti
estoitsci
ti
zensi stheresponsibil
it
yoftheGov ernment .
21.Expl
ainhowpubl
icsect
orcont
ri
but
est
otheeconomi
cdev
elopmentofanat
ion.
Answer :Thepublicsectoristhesect orthatcomesundert hegov ernmentofIndia.
Ther easonforthegov ernmentt otakeresponsi bi
lit
yoft hissectorisbecauset he
basicnecessit
iesofpeopl eincludingwat er,el
ectri
city,i
rr
igation,al
lfall
underthis
categoryandifthesedepar t
ment sareleftunattendedi twillr
esultinthedownf al
lof
theeconomyofacount rybecauset hegr owthoft hecount rywoul dstop.The
economi cdevelopmentofacount r
ydependsupont hedev elopmentoft hepeople
andifpeoplearedepr i
v edoft hebasicnecessi t
ies,thecount ry’
seconomi c
developmentwoul dbeaf f
ected.Gov er
nmentencour agessmal landlargeindustr
yto
fl
ourishandprov i
desempl oymentundert hi
ssection.
22.Theworker
sintheunorgani
sedsect
orneedprot
ect
ionont
hef
oll
owi
ngi
ssues:
wages,saf
etyandheal
th.Expl
ainwi
thexamples.
Answer :Theunorgani
sedsect
orischaracter
isedbysmallandscatt
eredunit
swhich
arelar
gelyout
sidethecontr
olofthegovernment.Ther
earer ul
esandregul
ati
onsbut
thesearenotfol
lowed.Theworkersi
ntheunor gani
sedsectorneedprot
ect
ion:
Wages: theincomeofthewor ker
si ntheunorganisedsectorisnotfixedandtheyare
barel
yabl etomeettheneedst oleadadecentliveli
hood.Hencepr operandf i
xed
wagesshoul dbegiventothesewor kerssothattheycangr owandcont r
ibut
etothe
growthoft hecount
ry.Forexampl e-apaint
eronlygetspaidthewagesf orthedays
hewor ksandt heot
herdayshei sjoblessandisabletoear nnothi
ng.
Safet
y:Nosaf etyisprovidedtotheworker
swor ki
ngintheunorgani
sedsect
or.
Ther
eisnoj obsecur i
tyandany onecanbefi
redandremov edfr
om thei
rworkasper
ther
equir
ementoft helabourer
s.Forexample-Alabourworki
ngintheconst
ruct
ion
ofabuil
dingisleftwithnowor koncetheconstr
ucti
oniscompleteandhasno
guar
anteeofget t
ingwor kagain.
Healt
h:Heal t
hisaveryi
mpor tantfact
orfort
hegrowthanddev elopmentofthe
count
ry.Theunorgani
sedsectori sgi
vennomedicalsecuri
tyandifanyacci
dent
occur
swhi l
etheyareworking,
t heemployeri
snotresponsi
bleforthei
rheal
th.For
example-therei
snosickleavef orl
abour
ersworki
ngondai lywages.