Addis Ababa Institute of Technology

CHAPTER ONE

PILE FOUNDATION
1. Design a pile foundation for the following soil profile and column load at foundation level.
+ 0 .0 m
F ill y
C =0, =30
3
  = 1 7 .0 K N /m
- 2 .0 m
M =200K N m
S tif f c la y y
q =150K Pa,
u 3
- 1 0 .0 m   = 1 7 .0 K N /m
S tif f c la y
M =300K N m
x
q =300K Pa,
Use

600m m
u 3
- 2 0 .0 m   = 1 9 .0 K N /m
D ense S and
Concrete C-30
P=2000K N x
Steel S-300
o
 =30
3
  = 1 9 .0 K N /m
- 3 0 .0 m

B a s a lt 400m m
q = 1 0 ,0 0 0 K P a
u lt
F ig u r e a : S o il D a t a F ig u r e b : L o a d D a t a

Solution: The following assumptions are made for the soil data to compute individual pile
capacity
P
+ 0 .0 m
1 1
F ill A ssum e
 1  h k s tan   * 17 * 2 * 1 * tan( 2 * 30 / 3 )   6 . 19 Kpa
C =0, =30
3
    / 3
  = 1 7 .0 K N /m K s = 1 .0
1 2 2
- 2 .0 m
Note –ve value as there may be consolidation
S tif f c la y
 negative skin friction
A ssum e
q = 1 5 0 K P a ,     
u 3
2
- 1 0 .0 m   = 1 7 .0 K N /m
qu 150
S tif f c la y A ssum e
3  2
  c  0 . 45 *  33 . 75 Kpa
q =300K Pa,     
- 2 0 .0 m
u
  = 1 9 .0 K N /m
3 2 2
D ense S and
q qu 300
 =30
o bu
 3
  c  0 . 45 *  67 . 5 Kpa
3 2 2
  = 1 9 .0 K N /m
- 3 0 .0 m

B a s a lt
q = 1 0 ,0 0 0 K P a
u lt

Individula pile capacity:

Consider the depth of imbedment to be below 10m, specifically at 13m (arbitrary), and pile
diameter of 400mm, thus
Skin Friction
1(Kpa)= -6.19 2(Kpa)= 33.75 3(Kpa)= 68 4(Kpa)=
L1(m)= 2 L2(m)= 8 L3(m)= 3 L4(m)=
  2 L2   3L3   4 L4   5 L5 
Qall  1L1  * Perimeter
 FS( 2) 
Perimeter =pD = 1.26
Qalls(KN)= 281.32
Bearing pressure
Qub(KN)= CNc* Base area=(9*C)*Base area
Qub(KN)= 169.65 Qallb(KN)= 84.82
Total Single Pile Capacity (From soil)
Qall(KN)= Qalls + Qallb = 366.15

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Academic Year: 2006EC. Ameyu T.
 Addis Ababa Institute of Technology

From concrete capacity: fcd=0.67fck/1.5=13.4MPa

Pall = Area*fcd= p (0.2)2*13400=1683.9KN; Hence soil strength governs. Pall=366.15KN
Number and spacing of piles
It can be easily estimated (from load and single pile capacity) that using 8 piles under a pile cap
is reasonable. A pile spacing of 3d can be adopted (EBCS 7). Thus s=3d=3*400=1200mm. The
pile cap shall be extended by 500mm (=300+d/2) from centerlines of exterior piles. Thus pile
arrangement will be as shown below.
Now we can determine the load carried by each pile.
2 .2
0 .5 0 .5
1 .2
P M xy M yx
0 .5 Pi   
 
A 2 2
n y x
1 .2 y

4 .6 x
B
 y
2

 4 1 .8  0 .6
2 2
  14.4m 2
;  x
2
 8 0 .6  2
  2.88m 2

1 .2 0 .6

0 .4
C P =2000+pile cap weight (assuming 500mm thickness)=2127KN
1 .2
2127 300y 200x
0 .5 D  Pi   
1 2
8 14 . 4 2 . 88
Pi x y Value Pi x y Value
PA1 -0.6 1.8 261.7 PC1 -0.6 -0.6 211.7
PA2 0.6 1.8 345.0 PC2 0.6 -0.6 295.0
PB1 -0.6 0.6 236.7 PD1 -0.6 -1.8 186.7
PB2 0.6 0.6 320.0 PD2 0.6 -1.8 270.0
Thus Pmax =345KN < Pall =366.15KN OK! (8 piles would be enough)

Check pile group capacity

Pile group capacity is considered for the right figure. 0 .2
0 .2
Thus Pug =fsu Li P +qbu Ab - i hi A
1 .2 1 .2 1 .2

1 0 .2
 Pall g = fsall Li P +qball Ab - i hi A 0 .6

0 .4
First lets evaluate qbu: 1 .6 m 1 .2

qbu= CNc = 150*9 = 1350Kpa 2 0 .2

4m
 qball=1350/2=675Kpa C B
D A
Group perimeter, P =2*(1.6+4) =11.2m;
  33.75 * 8  67.5 * 3  
P ug    - 6.19 * 2     * 11 . 2  675 * ( 4 * 1 . 6 )   17 * 2  17 * 8  19 * 3  * ( 4 * 1 . 6 )
  2 
P ug  2507.34  4320.0  1452.8  5374.5KN  P applied  2127KN

Design of Pile Cap

2 .2
Try a thickness D = 500mm 0 .5 1 .2 0 .5

 d = D-100-75 = 325mm (See Fig 2.16)

S
0 .5
A

a. Check wide beam shear: 1 .2 y

B
i) along the long direction (Sec L-L) L d
d x
L
4 .6 0 .6
1 .2
175
P w  P A1  P A2   P B1  P B2  850 . 26 KN 0 .4
C

400 1 .2

Pw 850.26 0 .5 D
 v w
   1189.17KPa 1
S
2
bd 2.2 * 0.325

0.35 f ck
v all  0.3 f ctd 1  50 ρ  ; Assume ρ  0.005; f ctd   1.28MPa
γ c (  1 .5 )

2
Academic Year: 2006EC. Ameyu T.
 Addis Ababa Institute of Technology

v all  480Kpa  vw  increase D.

Let D = 750mm  d=750-100-75 = 575mm

P w  P A1  P A2  606 . 7 KN

606.7 Therefore use pile cap which is 750mm thick

 vw   479 . 6 KPa  v all OK!
2.2 * 0.575
ii) along the short direction (Sec S-S)
25
Pw   P 2A  P 2B  P 2C  P 2D  76 . 88 KN
400
76.88
 vw   3 3 . 42 KPa  v all OK!
4 * 0.575
b. Check punching shear: 1 2
Critical section is at d/2 from face of support (see fig right!)
B

0 .6 + d = 1 1 7 5 m m
It can be shown that about 7.24% support is contributed 0 .5 d
0 .6 0 .5 d
from each pile reaction to resist punching. Thus,
7 . 24 C
P pu  P applied   P 1B  P 2B  P 1C  P 2C  2 .2
0 .4
100 0 .5 1 .2 0 .5 0 .4 + d = 9 7 5 m m
S
7 . 24
P pu  2 127   P 1B  P 2B  P 1C  P 2C  2050KN
0 .5
A

100 1 .2 y
B
P pu L d L
v pu   829 . 12 Kpa 4 .6 0 .6
d x

2  0.975  1.175  * 0575

1 .2
C
0 .4
v all, p  0.5f ctd
1  50 ρ   800Kpa  Increase D! Use D  775mm1 .2

0 .5 D
10
 P 1B 
S
P pu  2 127   P 2B  P 1C  P 2C 2020.65KN 1 2

100
P pu
 v pu   765.4KPa OK!
2 1 . 0  1.2  * 0 . 6
Therefore use D  775mm and d  600mm
Reinforcement
a) In the long direction:
Critical section is at the face of the column
M max   P A1  P A2  * 1 . 5   P B1  P B2  * 0 . 3  1063 . 11 KN m

M 1063.11
   36 . 64
u
K m
and with C - 30 and S - 300,
2 2
bd 2.2 * 0.6
Km= 36.64
K s= 4.08 As(mm2)= 7224.01
# 24= 16.0
Use 16bars in the long direction; better to use more bars directly above the piles.
b) In the short direction:
M max
  P A2  P B2  P C2  P D2  * 1 . 0  1230 . 70 KN m
Km= 27.26
K s= 3.99 As(mm2)= 8189.514
# 24= 18.1
Use 18bars in the short direction; better to use more bars directly above the piles.

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Academic Year: 2006EC. Ameyu T.
 Addis Ababa Institute of Technology

Design of Pile shaft

Asmin=0.008Ac =1005mm2. # 16 = 5. Use 6  16 as it is circular shaft and a minimum of 6
bars are needed. Use spiral tie with a pich of
0 .5 1 .2 0 .5

635
0 .5
424

1 .2

524

b
4460
8  2 4

8  2 4

1624, L = 5730
4 .6 1 .2

524
S e c tio n A -A
b
a 1 .2 600 600
a 1824, L=3260
2060
4  2 4

0 .5

635
2 .2

Note: Equations and recommendations given in this example are according to ACI-318-02. The
reader has to modify the equations and calculations accordingly, as per examples given in the
lecture sessions.

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Academic Year: 2006EC. Ameyu T.