MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES

STRESS

Strength of materials deals with the relations between externally applied loads and their
internal effects on bodies. Moreover, the bodies are no longer assumed to be rigid; the deformations,
however small, are of major interest.

ANALYSIS OF INTERNAL FORCES

Axial Force. This component measures the pulling (or pushing) action perpendicular to the section. A
pull represents a tensile force that tends to elongate the member, whereas a push is a compressive force
that tends to shorten it. It is open denoted by P.

Shear Force. These are components of the total resistance to sliding the portion to one side of the
exploratory section pass the other. The resultant shear force is usually designated by V.

Torque. This component measures the resistance to twisting the member and is commonly given the
symbol T.

Bending Moment. These components measure the resistance to bending the member about the y or z
axes and are often denoted merely by M.

STRESS – is defined as the strength of a material per unit area or unit strength. It is the force on a member
divided by area, which carries the force.

P
σ=
A

EXAMPLES

1. A hollow steel tube with an inside diameter of 100mm must carry a tensile load of 400 kN. Determine
the outside diameter of the tube if the stress is limited to 120 MPa.

Solution

P
σ=
A

400,000
120=
πD2 π(100)2
( - )
4 4

D=119.35 mm
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Department of Civil Engineering. College of Engineering. University of the East - Manila
 MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES

2. A homogeneous 800 kg bar AB is supported at either end by a cable as shown. Calculate the smallest
area of each cable if the stress is not to exceed 90 MPa in bronze and 120 MPa in steel.

bronze steel
L = 4m L = 3m
a b

10 m

Solution

1
By symmetry, Pbr =Pst = (7848)=3924 N
2

For bronze cable:

P
σ=
A

3924
90=
A

A=43.6 mm2

For steel cable:

P
σ=
A

3924
120=
A

A=32.7 mm2

3. Determine the largest weight, W that can be supported by two wires shown. The stress in either wire
is not to exceed 30 ksi. The cross – sectional areas of wires AB and AC are 0.4 in2 and 0.5 in2, respectively.

b c

o o
30 a 50

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 MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES

Solution

For wire AB

Tab W
=
sin 40° sin 80°

Tab =0.6527 W

P
σ=
A

0.6527 W
30=
0.4

W=18.4 kips

For wire AC

Tac W
=
sin 60° sin 80°

Tac =0.8794 W

P
σ=
A

0.8794 W
30=
0.5

W=17.1 kips

Safe load W=17.1 kips

4. For the truss shown, calculate the stresses in members CE, DE, and DF. The cross – sectional area of
each member is 1.8 in2.

6'
a b e f

6'
30 kips
c

8' 8' 8'

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Department of Civil Engineering. College of Engineering. University of the East - Manila
 MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES

Solution

∑ Ma =0

24Rf =16(30)

Rf =20 kN

at joint F

∑ Fv =0

3
DF=20
5

DF=33.33 kN (C)

at joint D

d de

e
bd df be ef
de ce
30 kN
BD=DF=33.33 kN (C)

∑ Fv =0

3 3
DE= BD+ DF
5 5

3 3
DE= (33.33)+ (33.33)
5 5

DE=40 kN (T)

at joint E

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Department of Civil Engineering. College of Engineering. University of the East - Manila
 MECHANICS OF DEFORMABLE BODIES

d de

e
bd df be ef
de ce
30 kN

∑ Fv =0

3
CE+30=40
5

CE=16.67 kN (T)

P
σCE =
A

16.67
σCE =
1.8

σCE =9.26 ksi (T)

P
σDE =
A

40
σDE =
1.8

σDE =22.22 ksi (T)

P
σDF =
A

33.33
σDF =
1.8

σDF =18.52 ksi (C)

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Department of Civil Engineering. College of Engineering. University of the East - Manila