Chapter 10 Aggression Hurting Others

Chapter 10
Aggression: Hurting Others

1. Physical or verbal behavior intended to cause harm is known as
A. aggression.
B. subjugation.
C. destruction.
D. frustration.
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation
APA Learning Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology
Bloom's Level: Remember
Difficulty: Low
Learning Objective: Define aggression and describe its different forms.
Topic: Types of Aggression
Feedback: What Is Aggression?, 298
2. Which of the following is an example of aggression?

A. Sam accidentally slams the car door too quickly, and it hits Tim’s knee.
B. Luisa urges her classmates not to vote for Marcy for dormitory senator, citing some rumors about Marcy’s social life.
C. Carla, a dentist, delivers a shot of Novocain before pulling her patient’s tooth.
D. Joe’s eagerness and enthusiasm resulted in his being promoted to sales manager in a very short time.
APA Learning Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology
Bloom's Level: Apply
Difficulty: High
3. Juanita is upset with Rose, so during a social gathering she verbally cuts Rose down in front of others. Juanita’s behavior
exemplifies
A. assertion.
B. manipulation.
C. aggression.
D. submission.
Difficulty: High
4. _____ aggression springs from anger, and its only goal is to injure.
A. Manipulative
B. Duplicitous
C. Hostile
D. Instrumental
Difficulty: Low
5. _____ aggression aims to hurt only as a means to some other end.

A. Manipulative
B. Duplicitous
C. Hostile
D. Instrumental
Difficulty: Low
6. Most terrorism is considered _____ aggression.

A. manipulative
B. duplicitous
C. hostile
D. instrumental
Difficulty: Low
7. In 2003, American and British leaders justified attacking Iraq not as a hostile effort to kill Iraqis but as an act of liberation
and of self-defense against presumed weapons of mass destruction. Social psychologists would consider this an example of
_____ aggression.
A. manipulative
B. duplicitous
C. hostile
D. instrumental
Difficulty: Low
8. Most murders are considered _____ aggression.

A. manipulative
B. duplicitous
C. hostile
D. instrumental
Difficulty: Low
9. Which of the following is the best example of instrumental aggression?

A. An angry football player tackles a quarterback after he attempts a long pass.
B. A wife finds her husband with another woman and shoots them both.
C. A group of mercenaries, hired to kill the dictator of a small country, arrange to poison him.
D. A man smashes his TV set after he cannot get it to work.
Difficulty: High
10. The death penalty does not effectively deter homicide. One reason for this is that most murders are the result of
A. hormonal influences.
B. hostile aggression.
C. instrumental aggression.
D. a malfunctioning amygdala.
APA Learning Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains
Difficulty: Low
11. Instinctive behavior is behavior that is

A. survival-oriented and common to most members of a species.
B. innate, unlearned, and shown by all members of a species.
C. reflexive and automatic but easily overcome by learning.
D. taught to members of a species.
Difficulty: Low
Learning Objective: Understand and evaluate the important theories of aggression.
Topic: Theories of Aggression
Feedback: What Are Some Theories of Aggression?, 299
12. Sigmund Freud argued that aggression ultimately springs from

A. an innate sexual drive.
B. a self-destructive impulse.
C. observation of aggressive adult models.
D. blocking of goal-directed behavior.
Difficulty: Low
13. In contrast to Freud's view of aggression, Lorenz argued that aggression is

A. innate.
B. adaptive rather than self-destructive.
C. biologically influenced but not instinctive.
D. socially learned.
Difficulty: Low
14. Which theory is most susceptible to the criticism that it tries to explain aggression by naming it?
A. instrumental aggression theory
B. instinct theory
C. frustration-aggression theory
D. social-learning theory
Bloom's Level: Understand
Difficulty: Medium
15. Instinct theories of aggression fails to account for

A. silent and social aggression in animals.
B. wide variations of aggressiveness from culture to culture.
C. biochemical influences on aggression.
D. unprovoked outbursts of aggression.
Difficulty: Medium
16. A study of brain activity in the prefrontal cortex of murderers found

A. no differences between these men and normal controls.
B. less activity than normal.
C. spikes in activity level.
D. more activity than normal.
Difficulty: Medium
17. The study of neural influences on aggression has indicated that

A. one specific region of the brain controls aggression.
B. activating the amygdala can facilitate aggressive outbursts in humans.
C. activating the occipital lobe can cause a tyrant monkey to be more docile.
D. activating the frontal lobe can trigger aggressive behavior.
Difficulty: Medium
18. How intense and reactive we are in infancy reflects our

A. defense mechanisms.
B. aggressive instinct.
C. temperament.
D. social learning.
Difficulty: Medium
19. In the context of aggression, which of the following statements is true?

A. Twin studies indicate that aggression is never genetic.
B. A single spot in the brain controls aggression.
C. Alcohol enhances aggressiveness.
D. Aggression is typically caused by brain damage.
Difficulty: Medium
20. Long-term studies of New Zealand children revealed that

A. "bad genes" cause aggressive behavior.
B. "bad environments" cause aggressive behavior.
C. neither genes nor environment is responsible for aggressive behavior.
D. the interaction of genes and the environment can cause aggressive behavior.
Difficulty: Medium
21. MacDonald and her colleagues (2000) found that intoxicated people administered stronger shocks and felt angrier when
thinking about
A. their physical shortcomings.
B. their grades in college.
C. relationship conflicts.
D. their families.
Difficulty: Low
22. Studies of hormonal influences on aggression indicate that

A. hormonal influences are as strong in humans as they are in other animals.
B. after age 25, testosterone and rates of violent crime decrease together.
C. variations in testosterone seem to have no effect on behavior within the normal range of teen boys and adult men.
D. higher rates of testosterone are associated with less aggressiveness in males.
Difficulty: Medium
23. It was raining out and Jessie's car had a flat tire. After she managed to fix it, she arrived home late only to find someone
had parked in her assigned parking spot. When she entered her apartment, she kicked her pet cat, who was waiting at the
door. Jessie's behavior is perhaps most easily explained in terms of
A. the frustration-aggression theory.
B. the adaptation-level phenomenon.
C. the Murphy's law.
D. the social learning theory.
Difficulty: High
24. The blocking of goal-directed behavior is called

A. instrumental aggression.
B. hostile aggression.
C. frustration.
D. displacement.
Difficulty: Low
25. Frustration grows when

A. our motivation to achieve a goal is weakened.
B. we do not expect gratification.
C. we are completely blocked in attaining our goal.
D. we are surprised by a consequence.
Difficulty: Medium
26. The redirection of aggression to a target other than the source of the frustration is referred to as
A. displacement.
B. substitution.
C. deprivation
D. projection.
Difficulty: Low
27. After arguing with her boyfriend over the telephone, Roberta smashes down the receiver and then throws the phone
across the room. This behavior most clearly demonstrates
A. the weapons effect.
B. displacement.
C. instrumental aggression.
D. Parkinson's second law.
Difficulty: High
28. A person kicking the wall after losing a game of poker is an example of
A. regression.
B. displacement.
C. relative deprivation.
D. the weapons effect.
Difficulty: Medium
29. Displaced aggression is most likely to occur when the target _____ to the instigator.
A. shares no similarity
B. shares some similarity
C. is related
D. is unrelated
Difficulty: Low
30. According to Berkowitz (1989), the frustration-aggression relationship is mediated by the role of
A. gender.
B. age.
C. anger.
D. neurotransmitters.
Difficulty: Medium
31. The frustration-aggression theory is designed to explain

A. hostile aggression.
B. instrumental aggression.
C. both hostile and instrumental aggression.
D. neither hostile nor instrumental aggression.
Difficulty: Low
32. In a revision of the frustration-aggression theory, Berkowitz emphasized the importance of

A. anger in causing aggression.
B. the role of biochemical influences, such as alcohol.
C. relative deprivation and the adaptation level phenomenon.
D. catharsis as a reducer of frustration.
Difficulty: Medium
33. Frustration is noted to arise from

A. a mismatch between achievements and rewards.
B. the gap between expectations and attainments.
C. the deprivation of elements essential to survival.
D. learned helplessness and hopelessness.
Difficulty: Low
34. The perception that one is less well off than others with whom one compares oneself is referred to as
A. adaptation level phenomenon.
B. relative deprivation.
C. social ostracism.
D. unjust-world principle.
Difficulty: Low

35. Arthur did not work very hard on his last class essay assignment, so he was relieved at first to find that he had gotten a C.
But when he learned that most of his classmates had gotten Bs and As, he felt unhappy and angry about his grade. Arthur's
experience is best explained in terms of
A. the adaptation-level phenomenon.
B. the relative deprivation principle.
C. the displacement theory.
Difficulty: High
36. Your boss told you that she is giving you a 5 percent raise starting with your next paycheck. You are very pleased to hear
this good news until you learn that some of your coworkers earned a 10 percent raise. Now you are unhappy and angry about
your raise. Your experience is best explained in terms of
A. the adaptation-level phenomenon.
B. the relative deprivation principle.
C. the displacement theory.
Difficulty: High
37. Hennigan and her colleagues (1982) found that the larceny theft rate in U.S. cities jumped after television was first
introduced. This result can be explained in terms of the
A. amount of crime depicted on television.
B. thieves' sense of feeling deprived relative to wealthy television characters and those portrayed in advertisements.
C. thieves' lack of positive socialization experiences at home and school.
D. amount of time spent watching TV.
Difficulty: Medium
38. Jason instigates more and more fights with younger children on the school playground because it gains him the attention
and respect of his friends. This most clearly suggests that his aggression is
A. the result of frustration.
B. instinctual in nature.
C. a learned response.
D. the result of displacement.
Difficulty: High
Topic: Observational Learning
39. According to Albert Bandura, an important influence on one's tendency to be aggressive is

A. hormonal factors.
B. how much anger or frustration has built up inside.
C. one's hereditary predisposition to be aggressive.
D. observations of others' behavior.
Difficulty: Low
40. In a famous experiment by Albert Bandura and his colleagues, children watched an adult attack a Bobo doll with a
mallet. They were then shown some toys that they were forbidden to play with. When they were taken to another room, they
A. began to cry.
B. attacked a Bobo doll.
C. verbally attacked the adult experimenter.
D. chose to watch a violent rather than a nonviolent film.
Difficulty: Low
41. Research on the role of family influences on aggression indicates that

A. abused children later abuse their own children at four times the national rate.
B. higher rates of violence occur when fathers care for the children.
C. an only child tends to be aggressive in social situations outside the family.
D. physical punishment suppresses aggression in children.
Difficulty: Medium
42. Compared to the national rate, abused children are _____ times _____ likely to abuse their own children.
A. 4; less
B. 4; more
C. 10; less
D. 10; more
Difficulty: Low
43. According to the social learning theory, whether we act aggressively depends on
A. the aversive event.
B. the anticipated consequences.
C. the role of the parent.
D. bodily symptoms.
Difficulty: Low
44. The pain-attack response has been observed in

A. rats.
B. monkeys.
C. snakes.
D. many varied species.
Difficulty: Low
Learning Objective: Identify the influences on aggression and describe how they work.
Topic: Influences on Aggression
Feedback: What Are Some Influences on Aggression?, 309
45. In view of research on the pain-attack response, Berkowitz (1998) now believes that _____ is the basic trigger of hostile
aggression.
A. aversive stimulation
B. neural impulses
C. frustration
D. rage
Difficulty: Low
46. In the context of influences on aggression, which of the following has NOT been linked with aggressive behavior?
A. a dashed expectation
B. a personal insult
C. physical pain
D. an unexpected request
Difficulty: Low
47. In relation to aggression, the most studied environmental irritant is

A. pain.
B. cigarette smoke.
C. air pollution.
D. heat.
Difficulty: Low
48. In an experiment conducted by Griffitt (1970), students who answered questionnaires while they were _____ reported
feeling more tired and aggressive, and expressed more hostility toward a stranger than did participants in a control group.
A. distracted by loud noises
B. in an uncomfortably hot room
C. being closely observed
D. eating popcorn and peanuts
Difficulty: Low
49. What can we conclude about the relationship between heat and aggression?
A. Heat directly fuels aggressiveness.
B. There is no relationship between heat and aggression.
C. Heat suppresses aggression.
D. The correlations between heat and aggression do not prove a causal relationship.
Difficulty: Medium
50. In the context of influences on aggression, violent crimes are more likely committed
A. in the winter rather than the summer.
B. when the weather is hot.
C. on nights with a full moon.
D. during rainy periods.
Difficulty: Low
51. Which of the following is least likely to cause aggressive behavior?

A. cold weather
B. offensive odors
C. air pollution
D. cigarette smoke
Difficulty: Low
52. The results of the Schachter and Singer (1962) experiment in which participants were injected with adrenaline prior to
spending time with either a hostile or a euphoric person support the idea that
A. bodily arousal feeds one emotion or another depending on how we interpret the arousal.
B. distinct physiological differences exist among emotions.
C. frustration is largely a function of our prior experience and whom we compare ourselves with.
D. every emotion triggers an opposing emotion.
Difficulty: Medium
53. In the context of influences on aggression, which of the following statements is NOT true of arousal?
A. A frustrating situation heightens arousal.
B. Arousal fuels emotions.
C. Sexual arousal can amplify anger.
D. Arousal has no effect on emotions.
Difficulty: Medium
54. Berkowitz and LePage (1967) found that frustrated men delivered more shocks when
A. guns happened to be in the room.
B. badminton racquets happened to be in the room.
C. they had just received a shot that lowered their serotonin levels.
D. they were initially depressed.
Difficulty: Low
55. Research suggests that the sight of a weapon can

A. elicit frustration.
B. sensitize one to the dangers of violence.
C. prime aggressive thoughts.
D. produce catharsis.
Difficulty: Low
56. Which of the following has been found to be an effect of sexual violence in movies and television?
A. Women are more likely to believe rape is a serious crime.
B. Men have become more accepting of violence against women.
C. Women have become more aggressive toward other women.
D. Viewers are less accepting of violence against women.
Difficulty: Medium
57. Repeated exposure to fictional scenes of a man overpowering and arousing a woman
A. created a catharsis experience for men.
B. distorted people's perceptions of how women actually respond to sexual coercion.
C. decreased men's aggression against women.
D. created a climate of fear in women.
Difficulty: Medium
58. Viewing sexually violent movies _____ men to brutality and results in _____ for domestic violence victims.
A. sensitizes; less sympathy
B. sensitizes; more sympathy
C. desensitizes; less sympathy
D. desensitizes; more sympathy
Difficulty: Medium
59. Repeated exposure to erotic films that feature quick, uncommitted sex tends to
A. increase attraction for one’s partner.
B. increase men’s perceiving women in sexual terms.
C. decrease acceptance of extramarital sex.
D. decrease acceptance of women’s sexual submission to men.
Difficulty: Medium
60. “Playing violent video games gives people a harmless opportunity to vent their aggression.” This statement is most
clearly consistent with the _____ hypothesis.
A. sensitization
B. catharsis
C. frustration-aggression
D. social learning
Difficulty: Medium
61. As part of therapy, a clinical psychologist encourages her patients to install a punching bag in their homes to release
hostility. The therapist apparently believes in
A. the social learning theory.
B. Parkinson's second law.
C. the catharsis hypothesis.
D. the adaptation-level phenomenon.
Difficulty: High
62. The _____ view of aggression is that aggressive drive is reduced when one “releases” aggressive energy.
A. social learning
B. pornographic
C. catharsis
D. pain response
Difficulty: Low
63. In studies on violence, Eron and Huesmann (1980; 1985) found that 8-year-olds who watched the most violence were
A. unlikely to finish high school.
B. more likely to get a divorce.
C. more likely to be convicted of a crime.
D. more likely to commit child abuse.
Difficulty: Medium

64. In the context of effects of media on aggression, one reason that TV viewing affects behavior is that it
A. evokes imitation.
B. lowers arousal.
C. has a catharsis effect.
D. distracts from other activities.
Difficulty: Low
65. Which of the following is an effect of playing violent video games?

A. increases in empathy for others
B. increases in self-control
C. lesser likelihood of carrying a weapon
D. habituation in the brain
Difficulty: Low
66. When exploring why viewing violence on TV affects behavior, researchers consider all of the following EXCEPT
A. arousal.
B. disinhibition.
C. reactance.
D. imitation.
Difficulty: Medium
67. Positive, constructive, helpful social behavior is what psychologists refer to as

A. prosocial behavior.
B. affirmative behavior.
C. instrumental behavior.
D. antisocial behavior.
Difficulty: Low
68. Surveys of adults and adolescents indicate that heavy viewers of TV violence
A. become more sensitized to violence.
B. underestimate the frequency of violence in the world.
C. are more fearful of being personally assaulted.
D. feel safer and better able to protect themselves.
Difficulty: Medium

69. Fourteen-year-old Kevin frequently watches violent television programs. In the context of altered perceptions, this will
most likely lead him to
A. experience more distress at the sight of teens fighting on the streets.
B. underestimate the actual frequency of violent crimes in the world.
C. become more interested in resolving the conflict between two of his personal friends.
D. become more fearful of being personally assaulted.
Difficulty: Medium
70. According to Gentile and Anderson (2003), "The scientific debate over whether media violence has an effect _____.”
A. has just begun
B. is an up-and-coming topic of inquiry
C. is basically over
D. is debatable
Difficulty: Low
71. According to Gentile and Anderson, playing violent games might have a more toxic effect than watching violent
television because
A. the players are passive.
B. television appears more "real."
C. players play the role of a violent character.
D. television violence is rewarded.
Difficulty: Medium
72. Which of the following is NOT one of the five consistent effects that Anderson (2003) found to be associated with video
games?
A. increased interest in drugs and alcohol
B. increased aggressive thinking
C. increased antisocial behavior
D. decreased empathy for others
Difficulty: Low
73. Research on the effects of video games report a _____ relationship between playing violent games and the frequency of
arguments with teachers.
A. positive
B. slightly negative
C. neutral
D. significantly negative
Difficulty: Medium
74. Adam frequently plays violent video games. Social psychologists would predict that Adam would therefore be likely to
frequently
A. watch television.
B. access pornography.
C. get into fights.
D. listen to rap music.
Difficulty: Medium
75. In the context of influences on aggression, groups can amplify aggressive reactions partly by
A. inhibiting impulses.
B. implementing the cathartic effect.
C. diffusing responsibility.
D. providing role models.
Difficulty: Low
76. In the context of influences on aggression, research confirms that groups

A. have little effect on violence.
B. can amplify aggressive tendencies.
C. suppress aggressive tendencies.
D. promote catharsis.
Difficulty: Low
77. Mullen (1986) reported that the more people are in a lynch mob, the _____ the murder and mutilation.
A. more frequent
B. less frequent
C. more vicious
D. less vicious
Difficulty: Low
78. Which one of the following does NOT predict increased aggression?
A. anonymity
B. violence viewing
C. alcohol use
D. displacement
Difficulty: Low
Feedback: What Are Some Influences on Aggression?, 327–328
79. Which one of the following does NOT predict increased aggression?
A. male actors
B. anger-prone personalities
C. prosocial behavior
D. violence viewing
Difficulty: Low
80. Meier and Hinsz (2004), when deciding how much hot sauce to administer during research experiments, found all of the
following EXCEPT
A. groups retaliated by dishing out 24 percent more than individuals.
B. interaction with a group amplified individual aggressive tendencies.
C. group members retaliated by giving almost twice as much to those that had given them 48 grams.
D. groups did perceive less hostility from other groups than from individuals.
Difficulty: Medium
81. When in groups, aggression can increase because of all of the following EXCEPT
A. diminishing self-identity.
B. increasing conformity pressures.
C. increasing deindividuation.
D. decreasing anonymity.
Difficulty: Medium
82. Which of the following statements about aggression is FALSE?

A. Aversive experiences, including frustrations, discomfort, and pain can influence aggression.
B. Arousal from any source, including physical exercise or sexual stimulation, can be transformed into anger.
C. Aggression cues, such as a gun, increase the likelihood of aggressive behavior.
D. Repeatedly playing violent video games does not increase aggressive thinking.
Difficulty: Medium
83. Which of the following statements about the influences on aggression is FALSE?
A. Aversive experiences, including frustrations, discomfort, and pain can influence aggression.
B. Arousal from any source, including physical exercise or sexual stimulation, can be transformed into anger.
C. Heavy exposure to televised violence does not correlate with aggressive behavior.
D. Repeatedly playing violent video games may increase aggressive thinking.
Difficulty: Medium
84. Bushman (2002) invited angered participants to hit a punching bag while either ruminating about the person who angered
them or thinking about becoming physically fit. A third group of participants did not hit the punching bag. When given a
chance to administer loud blasts of noise to the person who angered them, people in _____ felt angrier and were more
aggressive.
A. the non-punching bag condition
B. the punching bag plus fitness thoughts condition
C. the punching bag plus rumination condition
D. all the three conditions
Difficulty: Low
Learning Objective: Examine how we might counteract the factors that provoke aggression.
Topic: Counteracting Aggression
Feedback: How Can Aggression Be Reduced?, 329
85. Which of the following statements is true about retaliation?

A. It reduces tension in the long run.
B. It does not provide pleasure.
C. In the long run, it fuels more negative feelings.
D. When people who have been provoked hit a punching bag, it is cathartic.
Difficulty: Medium
86. Which of the following is NOT one of the ways of reducing aggression suggested by the social learning theory?
A. Social learning theory suggests controlling aggression by engaging in catharsis and retaliation.
B. Social learning theory suggests controlling aggression by reducing aversive stimulation.
C. Social learning theory suggests controlling aggression by rewarding and modeling nonaggressive behavior.
D. Social learning theory suggests controlling aggression by eliciting reactions incompatible with aggression.
Difficulty: Medium
87. In the context of social learning approach, we can reduce aggression by

A. reacting to crime after it happens.
B. forbidding children to watch TV.
C. training parents how to discipline without violence.
D. outlawing video games.
Difficulty: Medium
88. Americans’ ideas for protecting themselves include all of the following EXCEPT
A. buy a gun for self-protection.
B. build more prisons.
C. impose a “three strikes and you’re out” requirement of lifetime incarceration for violent crimes.
D. don’t kill people who kill.
Difficulty: Low
89. Which of the following actions represents aggression?

A. a fired employee seething with rage
B. a dentist drilling a tooth
C. a stranger shouting profanities at you
D. a clumsy person bumping into you
Difficulty: Medium
90. Which hormone is most closely linked to aggression?

A. estrogen
B. testosterone
C. adrenaline
D. gonadotrophin
Difficulty: Low
91. The frustration-aggression theory suggests that frustration

A. doesn't lead to aggression after all.
B. reduces aggression more than it stimulates it.
C. triggers a readiness to aggress.
D. works by triggering the fight-or-flight regions of the brain.
Difficulty: Medium
92. Research studies of the influence of television on aggression suggest that

A. instinct theories of aggression are more predictive than social learning theories.
B. aggression is learned primarily from parents, rather than the media.
C. children learn aggressive behaviors from what they see on television and then use these behaviors when they are adults.
D. no latent trait called aggressiveness exists.
Difficulty: Medium
Feedback: What Are Some Influences On Aggression?, 317
93. Which of the following actions is an example of instrumental aggression?

A. murdering a spouse for infidelity
B. suicidal terrorist bombings
C. gossiping about someone when you are angry with him or her
D. having a fist fight with someone for scratching your car
Difficulty: Medium
94. Peter, a cashier at a local grocery store, was berated at work by his manager. He comes home from work and promptly
yells at his wife and kicks the cat. This is an example of
A. displacement.
B. catharsis.
C. relative deprivation.
D. cyberbullying.
Difficulty: High
95. _____ may explain why happiness levels are lower and crime rates are higher in areas with large income inequalities.
A. Displacement
B. Frustration-aggression theory
C. Relative deprivation
D. Social learning theory
Difficulty: Low
96. All the following factors are likely to increase aggression EXCEPT
A. offensive odors.
B. heat.
C. pain.
D. too much sleep.
Difficulty: Low
97. _____ are culturally provided mental instructions for how to act in various situations.
A. Social scripts
B. Prosocial behaviors
C. Heuristics
D. Altered perceptions
Difficulty: Low

98. Allan is a salesman at a local electronics store and works on commission. When customers come in, he does not leave
their side until they walk out the door. He talks to them, shows them different equipment, and makes suggestions for
accessories they might not have considered. Allan’s behavior is best described as
A. aggressive.
B. assertive.
C. hostile.
D. instrumental.
Difficulty: High
99. Phil believes that aggression is unlearned and universal. In other words, Phil believes aggression is
A. reflexive.
B. hormonal.
C. neurological.
D. instinctive.
Difficulty: Medium
100. The prefrontal cortex in antisocial men is _____ percent less active than that of the everyday “normal” person.
A. 5
B. 10
C. 14
D. 20
Difficulty: Low
101. Kevin is very thirsty as he walks to class so he is thrilled to pass a vending machine. When the machine malfunctions
and keeps his money without delivering his drink, Kevin will likely feel
A. humiliated.
B. assertive.
C. frustrated.
D. instinctive.
Difficulty: High
102. Bandura's famous study on social learning theory explored children's aggressive behaviors
A. after watching an adult beat up an inflatable doll.
B. when they played on a hot playground.
C. after playing violent video games.
D. when they were with their family versus peers.
Difficulty: Low
103. What percentage of abused children go on to abuse their own children later in life?
A. 10
B. 20
C. 30
D. 40
Difficulty: Low
104. Hunting rifles are LEAST likely to prime aggressive thoughts in

A. hunters.
B. adults.
C. women.
D. children.
Difficulty: Low
105. Donnerstein (1980) had men watch a neutral, erotic, or aggressive-erotic film. These men were then asked to teach a
confederate a list of nonsense syllables by choosing how much shock to administer for incorrect answers. Who delivered the
most shock?
A. Those who saw the neutral film delivered stronger shocks.
B. Those who saw the erotic film delivered stronger shocks.
C. Those who saw the aggressive-erotic film delivered stronger shocks.
D. Donnerstein found no significant difference between the groups.
Difficulty: Low
106. Which of the following is an example of desensitization?

A. Allison, who watches a lot of boxing, "doesn't mind" seeing people in a fist fight
B. Brian, who watches a lot of pornography, thinks women really want to be "taken"
C. Steve, who watches a lot of Sesame Street, thinks sharing is important
D. Kim, who believes that if someone pushes you, you need to fight back
Difficulty: High
107. Playing violent, over non-violent, video games has been linked to all of the following EXCEPT
A. increased aggressive feelings.
B. increased aggressive behaviors.
C. decreased prosocial behavior.
D. increased feelings of empathy.
Difficulty: Low
108. Increased aggressive behaviors are predicted by all of the following EXCEPT
A. the presence of weapons.
B. anonymity.
C. silent sulking.
D. group interaction.
Difficulty: Low
109. Bushman (2002) let angry research participants retaliate against the person who angered them. Participants who _____
before being allowed to retaliate were LEAST aggressive.
A. did not hit a punching bag
B. hit a punching bag while thinking about the person who angered
C. hit a punching bag while thinking about physical fitness
D. watched violent TV
Difficulty: Low
110. From a social learning perspective, how should Maggie and Nelson teach their daughter to stop throwing things when
she is angry?
A. ignore her angry outbursts and praise nonaggressive behaviors
B. threaten harsh punishments like taking her toys away
C. spank her every time she behaves aggressively
D. yell at her until she stops
Difficulty: High
111. Joe had problems controlling himself as a young child. Which of the following is true of Joe as an adult?
A. He will likely be a non-aggressive adult.
B. He will be vulnerable to depression.
C. He will be vulnerable to drug abuse.
D. He will likely be an assertive adult.
Difficulty: Medium
112. Which of the following statements about alcohol and aggression is FALSE?
A. Alcohol enhances aggressiveness by increasing people’s self-awareness.
B. Alcohol deindividuates, and it disinhibits.
C. Alcohol has little effect on women’s aggressive behavior.
D. Alcohol predisposes people to interpret ambiguous acts as provocations.
Difficulty: Medium
Feedback: What Are Some Theories of Aggression?, 301–302
113. Research by Gesch et al. (2002) showed that prisoners who received nutritional supplements were involved in _____
violent incidents than those in the placebo group.
A. 35 percent more
B. 35 percent less
C. 15 percent more
D. 15 percent less
Difficulty: Low
114. According to Sivarajasingam et al. (2005), why might fans of winning teams more likely to commit postgame assaults
than fans of losing teams?
A. the interaction between increased testosterone and celebration-related drinking
B. the interaction between temperament and testosterone
C. a decrease in frustration
D. displacement of excitement and celebration-related drinking
Difficulty: Medium
115. _____ are especially vulnerable to displaced aggression.

A. Older adults
B. Teenagers
C. Outgroup targets
D. Family members
Difficulty: Low
116. According to culture of honor, research helps explain why

A. individualistic cultures are more aggressive than collectivist cultures.
B. collectivist cultures are more aggressive than individualistic cultures.
C. U.S. cities populated by southerners have higher than average White homicide rates than those populated by northerners.
D. U.S. cities populated by northerners have higher than average White homicide rates than those populated by southerners.
Difficulty: Medium
117. Viewing pornography

A. contributes to men's actual aggression toward women.
B. helps women understand how to respond to sexual coercion.
C. does not impact men's aggressive acts or thoughts toward women.
D. leads men to fantasize about being raped.
Difficulty: Medium
118. In the context of media influences, which of the following statements is FALSE?
A. Serial killers report using pornography at unusually high rates.
B. Children who view pornography are less likely to be sexually aggressive toward others.
C. Most men arrested for Internet-based pornography have molested a child at least once.
D. University men who consume a large amount of pornography are more likely to be sexually aggressive.
Difficulty: Medium
119. Which of the following is NOT one of the needs playing video games satisfy according to Przyblski et al. (2010)?
A. control
B. social connection
C. competence
D. dominance
Difficulty: Low
120. In the context of culture change and world violence, which of the following statements is true?
A. Across centuries, humans have become more violent.
B. The United States is the only western democracy that has not abolished the death penalty.
C. Some western democracies still enforce the death penalty for counterfeiting.
D. Many western democracies continue to see increases in antigay attitudes.
Difficulty: Medium
121. What is aggression? Based on your own experiences, give an example of hostile aggression and an example of
instrumental aggression.
Answers will vary.

Difficulty: High
122. Define both hostile and instrumental aggression, and give an example of each.
Answers will vary.

Difficulty: Medium
123. Explain Berkowitz's revised frustration-aggression theory.
Answers will vary.

Difficulty: Medium
124. What is relative deprivation and how is it related to crime?
Answers will vary.

Difficulty: Medium
125. Review the research on aggression cues and violence.

Answers will vary.
Difficulty: Medium
126. How does pornography encourage distorted perceptions of sexual reality?
Answers will vary.

Difficulty: Medium
127. Explain each of the effects found to be associated with playing video games.
Answers will vary.

Difficulty: Medium
128. Given that television and other forms of media have been shown to cause increased aggression, what do you think could
or should be done to control this cause of violence? Be sure to mention evidence for or against the catharsis hypothesis.
Answers will vary.

APA Learning Outcome: 2.3 Engage in innovative and integrative thinking and problem solving
Difficulty: High
Feedback: How Can Aggression Be Reduced?, 328–332
129. What arguments would you present in favor of stricter gun control laws?
Answers will vary.

APA Learning Outcome: 2.3 Engage in innovative and integrative thinking and problem solving
Difficulty: High
130. Explain the social learning approach to controlling aggression.
Answers will vary.

Difficulty: Medium
Category # of Questions
Accessibility: Keyboard Navigation 120
APA Learning Outcome: 1.1 Describe key concepts, principles, and overarching themes in psychology 16
APA Learning Outcome: 1.2 Develop a working knowledge of psychology’s content domains 95
APA Learning Outcome: 1.3 Describe applications of psychology 15
APA Learning Outcome: 2.3 Engage in innovative and integrative thinking and problem solving 2
Bloom's Level: Apply 17
Bloom's Level: Remember 57
Bloom's Level: Understand 55
Difficulty: High 17
Difficulty: Low 58
Difficulty: Medium 55
Learning Objective: Define aggression and describe its different forms. 16
Learning Objective: Examine how we might counteract the factors that provoke aggression. 11
Learning Objective: Identify the influences on aggression and describe how they work. 53
Learning Objective: Understand and evaluate the important theories of aggression. 50
Topic: Counteracting Aggression 11
Topic: Influences on Aggression 54
Topic: Observational Learning 6
Topic: Theories of Aggression 42
Topic: Types of Aggression 17

Chapter 10 Aggression Hurting Others

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Chapter 10 Aggression Hurting Others

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Chapter 10

Aggression: Hurting Others

Feedback: What Is Aggression?, 298

2. Which of the following is an example of aggression?

Feedback: What Is Aggression?, 298

Feedback: What Is Aggression?, 298

Feedback: What Is Aggression?, 298

5. _____ aggression aims to hurt only as a means to some other end.

Feedback: What Is Aggression?, 298

6. Most terrorism is considered _____ aggression.

Feedback: What Is Aggression?, 298

Feedback: What Is Aggression?, 298

8. Most murders are considered _____ aggression.

Feedback: What Is Aggression?, 298

9. Which of the following is the best example of instrumental aggression?

Feedback: What Is Aggression?, 298

Feedback: What Is Aggression?, 298

11. Instinctive behavior is behavior that is

Feedback: What Are Some Theories of Aggression?, 299

12. Sigmund Freud argued that aggression ultimately springs from

Feedback: What Are Some Theories of Aggression?, 299

13. In contrast to Freud's view of aggression, Lorenz argued that aggression is

Feedback: What Are Some Theories of Aggression?, 299

Feedback: What Are Some Theories of Aggression?, 299

15. Instinct theories of aggression fails to account for

Feedback: What Are Some Theories of Aggression?, 299

16. A study of brain activity in the prefrontal cortex of murderers found

Feedback: What Are Some Theories of Aggression?, 300

17. The study of neural influences on aggression has indicated that

Feedback: What Are Some Theories of Aggression?, 300

18. How intense and reactive we are in infancy reflects our

Feedback: What Are Some Theories of Aggression?, 300

19. In the context of aggression, which of the following statements is true?

Feedback: What Are Some Theories of Aggression?, 301

20. Long-term studies of New Zealand children revealed that

Feedback: What Are Some Theories of Aggression?, 301

Feedback: What Are Some Theories of Aggression?, 301

22. Studies of hormonal influences on aggression indicate that

Feedback: What Are Some Theories of Aggression?, 302

Feedback: What Are Some Theories of Aggression?, 304

24. The blocking of goal-directed behavior is called

Feedback: What Are Some Theories of Aggression?, 304

25. Frustration grows when

Feedback: What Are Some Theories of Aggression?, 304

Feedback: What Are Some Theories of Aggression?, 304

Feedback: What Are Some Theories of Aggression?, 304

Feedback: What Are Some Theories of Aggression?, 304

Feedback: What Are Some Theories of Aggression?, 304

Feedback: What Are Some Theories of Aggression?, 305

31. The frustration-aggression theory is designed to explain

Feedback: What Are Some Theories of Aggression?, 305

32. In a revision of the frustration-aggression theory, Berkowitz emphasized the importance of

Feedback: What Are Some Theories of Aggression?, 305

33. Frustration is noted to arise from

Feedback: What Are Some Theories of Aggression?, 305

Feedback: What Are Some Theories of Aggression?, 305

Feedback: What Are Some Theories of Aggression?, 305

Feedback: What Are Some Theories of Aggression?, 305

Feedback: What Are Some Theories of Aggression?, 306

Feedback: What Are Some Theories of Aggression?, 306

39. According to Albert Bandura, an important influence on one's tendency to be aggressive is

Feedback: What Are Some Theories of Aggression?, 306

Feedback: What Are Some Theories of Aggression?, 306