CS ACNS:

Applicability & incorporation in Cert Basis

Continuity requirement

Dimitri Garbi / Hette Hoekema

02 Mar. 2016

TE.GEN.00409-001
 Applicability of CS ACNS Subpart D (SUR)

CS ACNS Subpart D covers:

Modes A/C (AC)
Mode S – Elementary Surveillance (ELS)
Mode S – Enhanced Surveillance (EHS)
1090 MHz Extended Squitter – ADS-B (ADSB)

CS ACNS is the means to comply with ‘SPI’ regulation

(Commission Regulation (EU) No 1207/2011)

Applicability is limited to certain categories of Aircraft

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 SPI Regulation requirements (airborne systems)

Technical capabilities are set out in appendices of regulation 1207/2011

For IFR flights operating as general air traffic,

All aircraft:
ELS (Annex II part A),

Aircraft with MTOM > 5.7 T or TAS > 250 Kts

ELS and ADS-B (Annex II parts A and B),

Fixed wing aircraft with MTOM > 5.7 T or TAS > 250 Kts
ELS and ADS-B and EHS (Annex II parts A, B and C).

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 ADS-B Compliance Basis Workflow
Start

CS ACNS in Cert
IFR AND True Yes CS ACNS
Basis
(MTOM > 5.7 T OR TAS New TC ? Compliance
Use Dev. & CRI as
> 250 Kts) Statement in AFM
needed

Change to TC Propose CS
OK
False ACNS in Cert.
Basis

NOK

No flights in
European
Airspace (2020+)

Choose MoC
for ADS-B CS ACNS

AMC 20-24 AMC 20-24

Use AMC 20-24 as compliance
Or
MoC statement in AFM
AC 20-165B (validations) (NRA)

CRI ?
Neither No AFM
(consider CS
Not recommended, under discussion statement
ACNS.D.ELS.015)

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 Effectivity

Considering Commission Regulation No 1028/2014:

Forward fit (CoA first issued on or after 8 January 2015):

ELS: basic equipment
ADS-B & EHS: CoA first issued on or after 8 June 2016

Retro fit:
ELS: by 7 December 2017
ADS-B & EHS: by 7 June 2020

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 CS ACNS.D - Continuity
CONTINUITY AMC 20-24 CS ACNS (EU) 1207/2011

‘remote’ ≤ 2E-4 / F.H.

ELS
Mode S
CS ACNS.D.ELS.045 Annex II Part A §6 Continuity: Probability that
EHS
‘probable’ a system will perform its
CS ACNS.D.EHS.025 required function without
≤ 2E-4 / F.H.
‘remote’
≤ 2E-4 / F.H.
unscheduled interruption
ADS-B §8.2.2
CS
Annex II Part B §16
ACNS.D.ADSB.105

• CS ACNS wording: The [X] continuity is designed to an allowable qualitative

probability of ‘[Y]’
• EASA position – use 1309 and translate qualitative in quantitative:
• Probable: P <= 1E-3 / F.H. (“MTBF” 1000h)
• Remote: P <= 1E-5 / F.H. (“MTBF” 100.000h)
• SPI regulation requirement: P <= 2E-4 / F.H. (MTBF 5000h)
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 Calculating the continuity

There is no direct relationship between Continuity and SW DAL

A DAL C transponder is not sufficient justification to continuity

Analysis: e.g. Fault Tree based on the architecture, accounting for:

Power sources
Control panels
Reliability of intermediate components if any (concentrators, converters…)

Engineering judgement

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 Continuity deviation

CS ACNS requirement: 100.000h

vs. SPI regulation requirement: 5.000h…

Difficult to meet in practice, particularly for lighter aircraft:

Complex architectures
Excessively conservative MTBFs from transponder OEMs (esp. for rotorcraft)
Single failure points (e.g. 2 transponders with 1 control panel)

Deviation CS-ACNS#1 may be used if justified for ELS and ADS-B

Supported by a CRI
🔗 http://easa.europa.eu/documents/public-consultations/deviation-request-cs-acns1

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 ADS-B FAQ under development
Should a change to type design installing ADS-B out capability be classified as Minor or
Major?
Should I choose CS-ACNS, or AMC 20-24 as part of the certification / compliance basis
for installation of ADS-B (for a new TC or a change to a TC/STC)?
What are the differences between CS-ACNS and AMC 20-24 regarding requirements for
ADS-B?
What does the Continuity requirement imply and how is Continuity calculated?
Our analysis show that the Continuity meets the Implementing Rule / AMC 20-24
requirement, but not the CS-ACNS requirement.
Is a dedicated ADS-B failure annunciator required in the instrument panel?
What are the requirements on the GNSS source?

Inputs welcome!
02 Mar. 2016 10
End slide