TEAM 5

JESLEY JEAN O. LYJE HARRY C. IRISH BAUAN-

MENDOZA ADAME CABAGUIO

LOUMARIE C. SWEET MAE G.

ZEPEDA ADIA
 REGULATED AND
UNREGULATED POWER
SUPPLY
 AGENDA

01 02 03 04
Regulated Unregulated How to test
Power Supply Applying basic
Power Suppy components 2, the output
• Schematic
• Schematic
• Pictorial 3 and 4 voltage of
• Pictorial
• Block Diagram
• Block Diagram Power Supply
 AGENDA
01 02
Regulated Unregulated
Power Suppy Power Supply
• Schematic • Schematic
• Pictorial • Pictorial
• Block Diagram • Block Diagram
REGULATED
POWER SUPPLY
LINEAR REGULATED SUPPLY IS A "BRUTE FORCE"(UNREGULATED)
FOLLOWED BY A TRANSISTOR CIRCUIT OPERATING IN ITS "ACTIVE" OR "LINEAR" MODE.
A typical linear regulator is designed to output a fixed voltage for a wide range of input
voltages, and it simply drops any excess input voltage to allow a maximum output voltage to
the load. This excess voltage drop results in significant power dissipation in the form of heat. If
the input voltage gets too low, the transistor circuit will lose regulation, meaning that it will fail to
keep the voltage steady. It can only drop excess voltage, not make up for a deficiency in
voltage from the brute force section of the circuit.
UNREGULATED
POWER SUPPLY
MOST RUDIMENTARY TYPE, CONSISTING OF A
TRANSFORMER, RECTIFIER AND LOW-PASS FILTER
These power supplies typically exhibit a lot of ripple voltage (i.e. rapidly-varying
instability) and other AC “noise” superimposed on the DC power. If the input voltage
varies, the output voltage will vary by a proportional amount. The advantage of an
unregulated supply is that it’s cheap, simple, and efficient.
How to Tell if a Power Supply is Regulated or
Unregulated
Now let's explain how to tell if a power supply is regulated or unregulated. To
determine this, you can look for the following indicators:
1. Check the product specifications or datasheet: This information should clearly
state whether the power supply is regulated or unregulated. Manufacturers
often provide details about power supply voltage regulation capabilities and
other relevant specifications.
2. Identify the voltage regulator: A regulated power supply will most likely have a
voltage regulator component, whereas an unregulated source won't. If you notice
one present, this is usually a good indication that it's regulated.

3. Measure the output of varying loads: An effective and accurate way to

differentiate between the two types of supplies lies in their efficacy at maintaining
stable output voltages regardless of load conditions - something only supplied by
regulatory sources. As such, assessing how well your device performs under various
loads can be immensely helpful here!
 A FUNDAMENTAL TWO-DIMENSIONAL CIRCUIT

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM REPRESENTATION SHOWING THE

FUNCTIONALITY AND CONNECTIVITY BETWEEN
DIFFERENT ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
• Figure 43.3 shows the complete circuit of a regulated
power supply with a transistor series regulator as a
regulating device.
Regulated Power Supply • The ac voltage, typically 230 Vrms is connected to a
transformer which transforms that ac voltage to the
level for the desired dc output.
• A bridge rectifier then provides a fullwave rectified
voltage that is initially filtered by a π-(or C-L-C) filter to
produce a dc voltage.
• The resulting dc voltage usually has some ripple or ac
voltage variation.
• A regulating circuit uses this dc input to provide a dc
voltage that not only has much less ripple voltage but
also remains constant even if the input dc voltage varies
somewhat or the load connected to the output dc
voltage changes.
• The regulated dc supply is available across a voltage
divider.
 A FUNDAMENTAL TWO-DIMENSIONAL CIRCUIT

SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM REPRESENTATION SHOWING THE

FUNCTIONALITY AND CONNECTIVITY BETWEEN
DIFFERENT ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS

Regulated Power Supply

• Often more than one dc voltage is required for the
operation of electronic circuits.
• A single power supply can provide as many
voltages as are required by using a voltage (or
potential) divider, as illustrated in the figure.
• As illustrated in Fig. 43.3, a potential divider is a
single tapped resistor connected across the output
terminals of the supply.
• The tapped resistor may consist of two or three
resistors connected in series across the supply.
• In fact, bleeder resistor may also be employed as a
potential divider.
 A FUNDAMENTAL TWO-DIMENSIONAL CIRCUIT
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM
FUNCTIONALITY AND CONNECTIVITY BETWEEN
Unregulated Power Supply
Schematic Diagram
REPRESENTATION SHOWING THE
DIFFERENT ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
• Usually, a small dc voltage, in the range
of 2-24 volts is required for the
operation of different electronic circuits,
while in India, single-phase ac supply is
available at 230 V.
• So a small step-down transformer is
used at the beginning which reduces the
voltage level according to the needs.
• Next block is a rectifier which converts
the sinusoidal ac voltage into pulsating
dc.
• In the last there is a filter block which
reduces the ripples (ac components)
from the rectifier output voltage.
• The filter is a device which passes dc
component to the load and blocks ac
components of the rectifier output.
BLOCK DIAGRAM
Regulated Power Supply
BLOCK DIAGRAM

Unregulated Power Supply

230 V Filter
Supply
main

an Unregulated Power Supply

PICTORIAL DIAGRAM
Regulated Power Supply
PICTORIAL DIAGRAM
Unregulated Power Supply As we know the IC 7812 will produce a fixed 12V
at the output which cannot be used for charging a
12V battery. The 3 diodes connected at its ground
(GND) terminals is introduced specifically to
counter this problem, and to upgrade the IC output
to about 12 + 0.7 + 0.7 + 0.7 V = 14.1 V, which is
exactly what is required for charging a 12 V battery
fully.
The drop of 0.7 V across each diodes raises the
grounding threshold of the IC by stipulated level
forcing the IC to regulate the output at 14.1 V
instead of 12 V. The 2k2 resistor is used to activate
or bias the diodes so that it can conduct and
enforce the intended 2.1 V total drop.
TYPES OF POWER SUPPLY
Switch Mode Power
Variable AC Power Supply DC Power Supply Supply (SMPS)
Variable AC Power Supply
The different AC voltages are generated by
using a transformer. The transformer may
have multiple windings or taps, in which
case the instrument uses switches to select
the different voltage levels. Alternatively, a
variable transformer (adjustable
autotransformer) can be used to
continuously vary the voltages. Some
variable AC supplies are included meters to
monitor the voltage, current, and/or power.
 DC Power Supply

A DC power supply is one that

provides a consistent DC
voltage to its load. Based on its
plan, a DC power supply might
be controlled from a DC supply
or from an AC supply like the
power mains.
Switch Mode Power
Supply (SMPS)
The AC voltage is rectified to an unregulated DC
voltage, with the series transistor and the
regulator. This DC is chopped to a constant high-
frequency voltage which enables the size of the
transformer to be dramatically reduced and
allows for a much smaller power supply. The
disadvantages of this type of supply are that all
of the transformers have to be custom-made
and the complexity of the power supply does
not lend itself to low production or economical
low power applications.
AGENDA
03
Applying
basic components 2, 3
and 4
Function of Basic Electronic Components
1.Terminals and Connectors: Components to make electrical
connection.
2.Resistors: Components used to resist current.
3.Switches: Components that may be made to either conduct
(closed) or not (open).
4.Capacitors: Components that store electrical charge in an
electrical field.
5.Semiconductors: Electronic control parts with no moving
parts.
6.Diodes: Components that conduct electricity in only one
direction.
The main features of this power supply include the following.

1.The efficiency of this power supply ranges from 20 to 25%

2. The magnetic materials used in this power supply are CRGO core
or Stalloy.
3. It is more reliable, less complex and bulky.
4. It gives a faster response.
The main advantages of linear power supply include
reliability, simplicity, low cost and the noise level is low. Along with
these benefits, there are some disadvantages such as
These are best for several low power applications as a result when a
high-power is required; the drawbacks turn into more clearly.
 The disadvantages of this power
supply include a high loss of heat, size,
& low-efficiency level. Whenever linear
power supply is used in high power
applications; it requires large
components to manage the power.
AGENDA
04

How to test the

output voltage of
Power Supply
 Ohm's law is an important mathematical formula
that electricians and physicists use to determine
certain measurements in a given circuit. The
formula is:
V=I×R
V-is the voltage
R-is the resistance
I-is the amount of current
A circuit has a resistance of 20 ohms and a
current of 5 amperes flowing through it.
What is the voltage across the circuit?

V = 5 A * 20 Ω = 100 V
Answer: The voltage across the circuit is 100 volts.
OHM'S LAW A circuit has a resistance of 20 ohms and a current of 5
amperes flowing through it. What is the voltage across the
Use the formula for finding voltage circuit?
to calculate the problems below.

A circuit has a voltage of 24 volts and a resistance of 6

ohms. What is the current flowing through the circuit?

A light bulb has a resistance of 50 ohms and is connected to

a battery with a voltage of 12 volts. What is the current
flowing through the light bulb?
 HOW TO CHECK THE POWER SUPPLY ON A PC
DESKTOP COMPUTER
USING PAPER CLIP
1. Shut down and unplug your
computer.
If you haven't already done so, you
will need to turn off your computer and
completely remove it from power. Use
the switch on your desktop PC to flip the
power switch to the Off position, and
remove the AC power cord.
2. Open your computer case
and unplug all cables from the
power supply.
Disconnect the power
supply cables from all of the
components inside the case.
Follow each cable from the
power supply to the component
to make sure that everything is
completely unplugged.
3. Make a paper clip tester.
You can use a paper clip to help
test your power supply and trick it into
thinking that it has been switched on.
To do this, straighten a paperclip, and
then bend it into a “U” shape.
• This paperclip will act as the pins
that are inserted into the power
supply that gives it the “Power ON”
signal.
4. Find the 20/24 Pin
connector that normally
attaches to your
computer’s
motherboard.
It is typically the
largest connector for the
power supply.
5. Find the green pin and black pin
(make-specific). You will be inserting the
ends of the paperclip into the green pin
(there should be only one) and a
neighboring black pin.

• Before you do this, double-check to

make sure that the power supply is
completely disconnected from any
power outlet, that it is switched off,
and that it is not connected to any
computer components.
• Failing to do so means that
you're sticking a metal paperclip
into a live power supply that has
electricity running through it. You
can shock yourself and cause
physical harm as well as damage
your computer.
6. Insert the ends of the
paperclip into the pins.
Once you have placed
the paper clip into each of
the pins, place the cable
somewhere where it won’t
be disturbed.
7. Plug the power supply
back into the outlet and
turn on the power
switch.
As long as your paper
clip stays in place, the
power will run through
the device.
 8. Check the fan.
Once the power supply is receiving
power, you should be able to hear
and/or see a fan moving. This will let
you know that the power supply is at
least working. If the power supply does
not turn on at all, double-check your
pins (after unplugging) and try again. If
it still does not turn on, then it is most
likely dead.
• This test will not tell you if the power supply
is functioning as it should, just that it is
turning on. You will need to perform the next
test to ensure that it is outputting correctly.
Voltage Test: Testing the PSU With
a Multimeter
1. Plug the black test lead into the COM (common) jack.
2. Plug the red test lead into the VΩmA/μA jack (it may be labeled
slightly differently on your multimeter).
3. Turn on your multimeter and switch the dial to the DC voltage
position. This is marked with a V next to a solid line with a dotted
line underneath.
4. Connect the black test lead to a COM pin on your PSU's
connector.
5. Connect the red test lead to the PSU pin you want to test.
6. Observe the voltage reading on your multimeter.

Repeat this for the

remaining pins to ensure
they're providing the
voltage they should. The
pins have a voltage
tolerance, so it's OK if the
voltage is a little bit above
or below what it should be.