Professional Documents
Culture Documents
SUPPLY
Dahiya Hardik
Regulated d.c. power supply
• A d.c. power for electronic circuits obtained from commercial a.c.
lines by using rectifier-filter system is called a d.c. power supply.
• In many electronic applications, it is desired that d.c. voltage should
remain constant irrespective of changes in a.c. mains or load.
• Under such situations, voltage regulating devices are used with
ordinary power supply. This constitutes regulated d.c. power supply
and keeps the d.c. voltage at fairly constant value.
Ordinary D.C. Power Supply
For these reasons, a series voltage regulator is preferred over the shunt
voltage regulator.
Voltage Stabilizer
A Voltage Stabilizer is an electrical device which is used to provide a
constant voltage output to a load at its output terminals irrespective of
any change/ fluctuation in the input i.e. incoming supply.
The basic purpose of a Voltage Stabilizer is to protect the electrical/
electronic gadgets (for example – Air conditioning Unit, Refrigerator,
TV, etc.) from the probable damage due to Voltage Surge/ fluctuations,
Over Voltage and Under Voltage conditions.
How a Voltage Stabilizer Works?
The basic work of a Voltage Stabilizer is to carry out two necessary functions
i.e. Buck and Boost function. Buck and Boost function is nothing but the
regulation of a constant voltage from over voltage and under voltage
circumstances.
Advantages of Voltage Stabilizers
Advantages:
Negligible output waveform distortion
Not Frequency dependent
Will attenuate voltage spikes if required
Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS)
An Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) is defined as a piece of electrical
equipment which can be used as an immediate power source to the
connected load when there is any failure in the main input power
source.
When there is any failure in main power source, the UPS will supply the
power for a short time. This is the prime role of UPS. In addition to that,
it can also able to correct some general power problems related to utility
services in varying degrees. The problems that can be corrected are
voltage spike (Sustained over voltage), Noise, Quick reduction in input
voltage, Harmonic distortion and the instability of frequency in mains.
Off-line UPS
Off-line UPS
• In this type of UPS, the system always remains on battery, whether mains
ac is present or not. When mains ac is present, it provides power to DC
supply of inverter section as well as charges the battery simultaneously.
• When mains ac is not present, it will run the connected load till the
battery has a recommended dischargeable level. In online UPS, the
batteries are always connected to the inverter, so that no power transfer
switches are necessary.
• When power loss occurs, the rectifier simply drops out of the circuit and
the batteries keep the power steady and unchanged.
Off-line UPS
Advantages of Offline UPS:
•Offline UPS has high efficiencies, since charger is not continuously on.
•The power handling capacity of charger is reduced.
•Offline UPS are not very costly.
•Internal control is simpler in offline Uninterruptible Power Supply.
Off-line UPS
Disadvantage of Offline UPS:
•Since offline UPS provides mains supply when it is present, the output
contains voltage spikes, brownouts, blackouts.
•There is finite transfer time from mains to inverter when mains supply
fails.
•Output of offline Uninterruptible Power Supply is not perfectly reliable.
Applications of Offline UPS:
•Computers, printers, scanners etc use offline UPS.
•Emergency power supplies, EPABX.
Online UPS
Online UPS
• The offline/standby UPS (SPS) offers only the most basic features,
providing surge protection and battery backup.
• When mains supply is not available ,then inverter is turned on.
• Inverter takes power from the battery .the load is connected to
inverter output through UPS static switch. The power flow diagram is
shown.
• The mains statics switch is always on and keeps load connected to
the mains. The mains static switch turned off when mains is not
available.
• When the charger feeds power only to the battery .hence handling
capacity is reduced.
Online UPS
Advantages of Online UPS:
•It provides isolation between main supply and load.
•Since inverter is always ON, the quality of load voltage is free from
distortion
•All the disturbances of supply such as blackout, brownouts, spikes etc
are absent in the output.
•Voltage regulation is better
•Transfer time is practically zero since inverter is always ON.
Online UPS
Disadvantages of Online UPS:
•Overall efficiency of UPS is reduced since inverter is always ON.
•The wattage of the rectifier is increased since it has to supply power to
inverter as well as charge battery
•Online UPS is costlier than other Uninterruptible Power Supply Systems.
Applications of SMPS:
1.Machine tool industries
2. Security Systems • (Closed circuit cameras)
3. Support supplies with PLC’s
4. Personal Computers
5. Mobile Phone chargers