Exp 8

1) Suspension polymerization?

Suspension polymerization: Monomers are suspended in liquid, polymerized to form solid particles.
Monomer droplets stabilized with surfactant. After polymerization, particles separated and used in
industries.

2) Initiator kya that ( benzoyl peroxide) structure

3) What is initiator?

An initiator is a substance that triggers or initiates a chemical reaction, such as polymerization. In the
context of polymerization processes like suspension polymerization, an initiator is used to start the
reaction by initiating the formation of polymer chains from monomers.
 4) Difference bw suspension and solution.

Suspension:

1. In a suspension, solid particles are dispersed in a liquid medium.

2. The solid particles are typically larger and can be seen with the naked eye.
3. The particles in a suspension may settle over time and require agitation or stirring to maintain uniformity.
4. Suspensions exhibit a heterogeneous appearance, with visible separation between the solid particles and
the liquid medium.
5. Examples of suspensions include muddy water, orange juice with pulp, and paint.

Solution:

1. In a solution, a solute is uniformly dissolved in a solvent.

2. The particles in a solution are molecular or ionic in size and cannot be individually seen.
3. Solutions are usually stable and do not exhibit settling or separation of particles.
4. Solutions appear homogeneous and transparent, with no visible separation between solute and solvent.
5. Examples of solutions include saltwater, sugar dissolved in water, and carbonated beverages.

5) What is the difference in between emulsifier and dispersing agent? in short points

Emulsifier:

1. Emulsifiers are substances that help mix two immiscible liquids, such as oil and water.
2. They have both hydrophilic (water-loving) and lipophilic (oil-loving) properties, allowing them to interact
with both liquids.
3. Emulsifiers reduce the interfacial tension between the two liquids, enabling them to form a stable
emulsion.
4. Emulsions created with emulsifiers can be either oil-in-water (oil droplets dispersed in water) or water-in-
oil (water droplets dispersed in oil).
5. Examples of emulsifiers include lecithin, sodium stearoyl lactylate, and polysorbate 80.

Dispersing Agent:

1. Dispersing agents are substances used to disperse solid particles in a liquid medium.
2. They help to prevent the aggregation or settling of solid particles by providing stabilization and uniform
dispersion.
3. Dispersing agents typically have surfactant properties, which allow them to adsorb onto the surface of
solid particles, preventing their clumping together.
4. Dispersing agents improve the flowability, stability, and homogeneity of suspensions or colloidal systems.
5. Examples of dispersing agents include polymeric dispersants, surfactants, and stabilizers like polyvinyl
alcohol or sodium polyacrylate.

In summary, emulsifiers help mix two immiscible liquids, while dispersing agents assist in dispersing solid
particles in a liquid medium, preventing their aggregation or settling.
 6) Why initiator is used in suspension polymerization

Initiators are used in suspension polymerization to start the polymerization reaction, control reaction
kinetics, improve efficiency, and customize the process to produce desired polymer products.

7) Kya hm suspension ma emulsifier use kr skte ha? Or kra to kya frk prega?

AGR him use krygy to agitation itni zrori nhi hogi means balls combine nhi hu GI or product yield achi ayi
gi