LEVEL OF SKILLS AND CHALLENGES ON CAR STABILITY INSPECTION

AMONG AUTOMOTIVE STUDENTS

A Research Project

BY:

BERNALDEZ, GIDEON

ARSENO, KARL FYLLE

FRANCISCO, KIMUEL

BERAME, LUIGI

CAUBE, GYAN

GRADE 12/TVL AUTOMOTIVE

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT

GENERAL SANTOS CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL

CALUMPANG, GENERAL SANTOS CITY

DECEMBER 2022
LEVEL OF SKILLS AND CHALLENGES ON CAR STABILITY INSPECTION
AMONG AUTOMOTIVE STUDENDTS

A Research Project
Presented to the Research Council

In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements

For Technical-Vocational-Livelihood Track Senior High School Curriculum

By:

BERNALDEZ, GIDEON

ARSENO, KARL FYLLE

FRANCISCO, KIMUEL

BERAME, LUIGI

CAUBE, GYAN

GRADE 12/TVL AUTOMOTIVE

SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL DEPARTMENT
GENERAL SANTOS CITY NATIONAL HIGH SCHOOL
CALUMPANG, GENERAL SANTOS CITY
DECEMBER 2022
 Chapter I

INTRODUCTION

Background of the Study

An increase in the number of cars is highly observed as the world

advances. Most people own cars or have direct access to it as it gives them

convenience. Tiglao (2011), car ownership has increased dramatically over the years

most especially in Metro Manila. It has more than 30% (1.2 million) of all vehicles

registered in the country, for the year 2001, more than 65% of which is registered as

private vehicles. From 1991 to 2001, the average growth rate of vehicle registration

is approximately 5% annually. With the growing number of cars annually, safety

should be the first consideration. To ensure safety, car stability inspection is needed.

Makaras and Kersys (2021), emphasize that due to the lack of standardized

evaluation criteria, evaluating car stability parameters and modeling particular

movement modes is a challenging process. Incorrect suspension alignment and the

dampening properties of the car suspension reduce the car's stability, and

passengers complain of discomfort as a result of increased body vibrations. As a

result, the car's body loses resilience, the driving speed is artificially constrained, and

the payload being delivered suffers. Car stability inspection is a challenging process

and requires the right skill to ensure that the process is done correctly for safety

purposes.

According to, Lukoševicius (2021), the issue of movement stability remains

highly relevant considering increasing vehicle speeds. The evaluation of vehicle

stability parameters and the modeling of specific movement modes is a complex

task, as no universal evaluation criteria have been established. The main task in

modeling car stability is an integrated assessment of the vehicle’s road interactions

and identification of relationships. The main system affecting the vehicle’s road

interaction is the suspension of the vehicle. Vehicle suspension is required to provide

constant wheel to road surface contact, thus creating the preconditions for stability of

vehicle movement. At the same time, it must provide the maximum possible body

insulation against the effect of unevenness on the road surface. Combining the two

marginal prerequisites are challenging, and the issue has not been definitively solved

to this day. Inaccurate alignment of the suspension and damping characteristics of

the vehicle suspension impairs the stability of the vehicle, and passengers feel

discomfort due to increased vibrations of the vehicle body. As a result, the driving

speed is artificially restricted, the durability of  The vehicle body is reduced, and the

transported cargo is affected. In the study, analytical computational and experimental

research methods were used. Specialized vehicle-road interaction assessment

programs were developed for theoretical investigation. The methodology developed

for assessing vehicle movement stability may be used for the following purposes:

design and improvement of vehicle suspension and other mechanisms that

determine vehicle stability; analysis of road spans assigned with characteristic

vehicle movement settings; road accident situation analysis; design of road

structures and establishment of certain operational restrictions on the road

structures. A vehicle suspension test bench that included original structure

mechanisms that simulate the effect of the road surface was designed and

manufactured to test the results of theoretical calculations describing the work of the

vehicle suspension and to study various suspension parameters. Experimental

investigations were carried out by examining the vibrations of vehicle suspension

elements caused by unevenness on the road surface.

With the increasing the number of cars is highly observed most of the

people who owns the car with the increasing number of cars annually, safety should

be the first consideration. To ensure safety, car stability inspection is needed. due to

the lack of standardize evaluation criteria, evaluating car stability parameters and

modeling particular movement modes is a challenging process.The students are

needed to monitor regularly to track their level of skills on inspection. There is also a

necessity for them to become skillful in their work. The problem still existing

Therefore, the present study will be conducted to determine the skills and

challenges of car stability inspection among automotive students in General Santos

City National High School for S-Y. 2022-2023.

Statement of the Problem

This study aims to determine the level of skills and challenges of

car stability inspection among automotive students.

Specifically it will seek to answer the following questions:

1.) What is the level of skills on car stability inspection among automotive students

in terms of:

1.1 suspension;

1.2 steering; and

1.3 tire alignment

2.) What the challenges encountered by the automotive students on car stability

inspection in terms of:

 2.1 suspension;

2.2 steering; and

2.3 tire alignment

3.) Is there a significant relationship between the level of skills and challenges on

car stability inspection among automotive students?

Hypothesis

H0: There is no significant relationship between the level of skills and challenges on

car stability inspection among automotive students in General Santos City National

High School.

Scope and Limitation

This study will primarily focus on finding out whether the level of automotive

students skills in General Santos City National High School has a significant

relationship to their challenges encountered on car stability inspection. The

researchers goal is to identify the various levels of skill and challenges associated

with car stability inspection. It will be conducted at General Santos City National High

School. The respondents of the study will be the grade 12 students who are enrolled

in AUTOMOTIVE strand for school year 2022-2023. Survey questionnaire will be use

to gather data. Data gathered will be limited only to the responses and results taken

from the instruments used in the study.

 Significance of the Study

This research study will provide knowledge about car stability inspection.

This will be helpful and beneficial the following:

Automotive Students. This study helps them to determine their deficiencies,

about skills and different challenges they might encounter on inspectioning car

stability.

Parents. This study will provide an avenue of wide understanding regarding

to the Level of Skills and Challenges of Car Stability Inspection among Automotive

Students of General Santos City National High School and to give them knowledge

on how their children cope up different challenges they encounter in Car Stability

Inspection.

Car Technicians. This study will be beneficial and enable car technicians, to

be knowledgeable and conscious about skills and different challenges on

inspectioning car stability.

Shop Owners. This study will be beneficial for them to be informed of what

challenges encountered by their car technicians and what materials they need on

inspectioning car stability.

Teachers. This study will be beneficial to teachers, especially automotive

teachers for them to determine and establish what skills they need to teach, and help

their students to overcome challenges with regards car stability inspection.

School Administrators. This study would give them ideas on how to support

the students to fulfill their academic responsibilities for students to develop their skills

and help them on how to manage the challenges they will encounter on Car Stability

Inspection.
 Researchers. This study will inform the researchers about the fundamental

skills and the significance of learning about car stability inspection.

Future Researchers. This study will be beneficial to future researchers from

the studies findings since they can use it as a guide for their future research.

Operationalization of Variables

For better understanding of the study, the following terms are operationally defined:

Skills of Car Stability Inspection. Operationally, it is define as the abilities of car

technicians by inspectioning car stability.

Challenges of Car Stability Inspection. Operationally, this refers to assess the car

technicians skills in inspectioning car stability.

Suspension. Operationally, this refers to all parts that work together to protect parts

from shocks.

Streering. Operationally, this refers the act of controlling the movement of a vehicle.

Tire Alignment. Operationally, this refers to an adjustment of a vehicle’s

suspension.
 Chapter II
REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter discusses the related literature, related studies, research gap,

and the conceptual framework in which the problem is anchored.

A. Review of Related Literature

Skills of Car Stability Inspection

According to Gilles (2019).The best resource for assisting students in

acquiring the knowledge and abilities required to be successful in a variety of

automotive occupations in INSPECTION, MAINTENACE, and REPAIR. In addition to

providing step-by-step instructions for practical troubleshooting and repair

procedures, this best-selling manual covers all eight major areas of automotive

technology. It does this by combining concise explanations with thorough, high-

quality illustrations to help readers understand the theory relating to how vehicle

systems operate.

Sirata (2020) states that The suspension system, which transmits force

between the vehicle and the ground, plays a major role in determining how

comfortable a vehicle is to drive. There are various kinds of car suspension systems,

including active suspension systems, which have a big impact on how comfortable

the ride is when driving. However, the current active suspension systems have

complex structures and restricted features like power. The active suspension system

must be properly designed while taking into account its current constraints in order to

solve the issue. Comfortable driving is ensured by a well-designed active suspension

system that manages the load on the wheels under the resonance of the body

structure.

Grm et. al.(2017), also cited that In a heavy crosswind, a shift in wind

direction may cause a loss of vehicle stability. This article gives a numerical analysis

of the aerodynamic stability of a moving object under strong crosswinds. We begin

by explaining the model and introducing the entire computational fluid dynamics

(CFD) framework that was employed in the investigation. We expose and thoroughly

explore key CFD parameters such mesh type, turbulence model, and boundary

conditions. We use a streamlined vehicle model to illustrate and describe the flow

structure. When CFD analysis results are compared to experimental data, they

almost exactly match. The final CFD results are functions of apparent wind angle-

dependent aerodynamic coefficients. The implementation of an aerodynamic stability

study for the truck model follows, using CFD data as a basis.

Seong-Hab and Kang-In (2020) suggests a novel and reasonably priced

technique for testing suspension module wheel alignments. Two laser modules that

are installed inside the wheel knuckles are used in the suggested technique. By

measuring the distance of the laser mark projected on the other side of the laser

mounting jig, toe and camber angles for the laser modules can be determined.

In addition dongyoub baek (2014) The Systems for checking wheel

alignment today’s use a variety of computer vision techniques. However, they rely on

low-dimensional data (two-dimensional pictures) for measuring higher-dimensional

information (three-dimensional orientation) of the wheel stance, necessitating high-

end cameras, precisely made targets, and large computation loops. A

straightforward and affordable technique using a consumer-grade depth-sensing

camera, like Kinect, is shown to improve this. It uses the point clouds produced by its
range picture stream directly. The alignment inspection processes use all of the

points inside the area of interest (ROI), which include geometrical information about

the wheel.

Challenges on Car Stability Inspection

According to Tuan Anh (2021), the vehicle's stability and comfort are crucial

factors. The vibrations of the sprung mass represent the comfort and smoothness.

The purpose of the vehicle's suspension system is to control and quell oscillations

brought on by external stimuli. To install the traditional pneumatic suspension system

in place of the passive suspension system. The outcomes it produces are still not

very good, though. In this study, a technique for using the pneumatic suspension

system in conjunction with the hydraulic actuator, as opposed to merely the

traditional pneumatic suspension system, is presented.

GP Smith et, al. (2019), People's safety can be jeopardized when traveling

in vehicles during flood occurrences. exposure to flood flows results in the loss of

traction, which makes the vehicle unstable. (frictional instability through sliding), to

collapse due to inconsistencies in surface quality, or to develop buoyant (floating)

(floating). These mechanisms may cause the vehicle to lose all control.

causing the car to be swept downstream.

However, Nah (2019) cited that the proper inspection, it is necessary to

perform a visual check of the system and tyres, to find major defects such as fails or

inadequate steering angles. However, if the tyres have been recently changed, it is

difficult to identify inappropriate steering angles; thus, there is a need of new

inspection procedures. The procedure for inspection of the vehicle steering system
by measuring forces in dynamometer plate meets the conditions required by CITA,

being very successful in identifying inadequate steering angles.

Pavel bratec (2016), states that this work, the idea of enhancing vehicle

driving stability at a higher speed is discussed. Utilizing the 4WS system is one

technique to increase stability. It is quite difficult to mathematically describe a

vehicle's general movement. Simulated systems employ models that have been

appropriately simplified. The first method typically use the so-called single-truck

vehicle model, which is frequently linear. We have decided to expand the model to

include two trucks for the simulation, giving us the option to enter additional vehicle

attributes.

In addition Xu-Fei et, al. The mixed H2/H robust control methodology of the

four-wheel steering (4WS) system is proposed taking into account the need for

vehicle stability management and the presence of uncertainties. First, models for the

driver, the rear wheel electrohydraulic system, the linear 2DOF vehicle model, and

the nonlinear 8DOF vehicle model were built. The mixed H2/H controller was created

with the optimal weighting functions based on the yaw rate tracking method to

ensure system performance, robustness, and the robust stability of the 4WS vehicle

stability control system. The H2 approach was used to ensure system performance,

and the H1 method was utilized to reduce the effects of modeling uncertainties,

sensor noise, and external disturbances on the system outputs.

B. Related Studies

Foreign

Victor et, al (2018) conducted a study entitled “Designing of Outriggers for

the Needs of the Vehicles Stability Testing”. They used Descriptive-Correlational

design in conducting the study. The findings of this study is the analysis of the most

frequently used outriggers showed that there are only two types of

structure, and the simplest one consists of two beams placed in the front and rear

parts of the vehicle. The main legislative requirement for outrigger designs implies

that they should provide the highest strength at the lowest weight and not to affect

vehicle stability properties. 

Liu et, al. (2019) conducted a research on the handling stability of four-

wheel steering vehicle. The design they use in conducting the study is Descriptive

design. The findings of this study is it turned out that 4WS vehicle has better

handling stability than 2WS vehicle which can increase the mobility of the car during

low speed steering and improve the driving safety during high speed steering.

In 2014 Arat et, al. conducted a study entitled “An intelligent tyre based

adaptive vehicle stability controller”. They used Descriptive-Correlational design in

conducting the study. It revealed that the controller can successfully intervene with

the steering and braking mechanisms and stabilise the system during the given

evasive lane change manoeuvre. Choosing the adaptation parameters as the tyre

cornering stiffness, the algorithm is also capable of running on a lower friction

surface condition.

Cordos & Todoruţ (2018), conducted a study entitled “Influences of the

Suspensions Characteristics on the Vehicle Stability”. They used Causal-

comparative design in conducting the study. The study found that the low quality of

the suspensions adversely affects this behavior. The increasing of the roll movement

velocity can lead to increased lateral accelerations, resulting the possibility of lateral

slippage. Also, the pitch motion is significantly influenced by the suspension quality,
the accelerated transfer of the vehicle mass on the front and rear axles (for

suspension capacity of 50%) can lead to

the limit of the longitudinal stability.

Craig Earl Beal & J. Christian Gerdes (2009), conduct a study entitled

“Enchancing vehicle stability through model predictive control”. They used

Descriptive design in conducting the study. The findings of this study was to present

a new approach to controlling the motion of a vehicle in highly dynamic situations.

This approach solves a convex optimization problem over a finite time horizon to

predict and prevent these hazardous situations. Thus, the controller determines input

that simultaneously tracks the driver’s intended trajectory while preventing tire

saturation.

Local
Lozoya-Santos(2012), conduct a study entitled “Control of an Automotive

Semi-Active Suspension”. They used Descriptive-Correlational design in conducting

the study. The findings of this study was a comparison with several semi-active

control strategies for comfort and road holding was presented. Both controllers

exhibit important features for practical applications.

Weijian Jia et, al.(2020), conduct a study entitled “A Research on Steering

Stability of High-Speed Tracked Vehicles”. They used Descriptive-Correlational

design in conducting the study. The findings of this study by establishing the steering

dynamics model of a tracked vehicle, the following conclusions could be obtained

based on the parameter changes in the high-speed steering process of the tracked

vehicle.
 Yuhan Jia, et, al.(2020) conduct a study entitled “Stability Analysis of a Car-

Following Model on Two Lanes” They used Descriptive-Correlational design in

conducting the study. The findings of this study was a new car-following model is

proposed considering lateral influence from adjacent lane. Linear and nonlinear

stability analyses are carried out, from which MKdV equation is obtained. Numerical

simulations show that new model has good consistency with theoretical study and

can suppress traffic jam wave.

Shenhai Ran(2014) conduct a study entitled “Wheel alignment inspection

by 3D point cloud monitoring”. They used Quasi-Experimental design in conducting

the study. The findings of this study, they proposed a new wheel alignment

inspection method that works via point cloud alignment. To verify our method, we

implemented a one-wheel-based prototype and conducted comparative experiments

with an existing commercial system. The experimental results showed that it is

feasible for practical usage as a wheel alignment inspection.

Yubiao Zhang et, al. (2015), conduct a study entitled “Rollover prevention

for sport utility vehicles using a pulsed active rear-steering strategy”. They used

Correlational design in conducting the study. The findings of this study was, a novel

active steering technique was proposed, modelled, simulated and tested. Using the

yaw and roll vehicle models, the optimum frequency of the steering pulsation was

derived, and the optimum amplitude was determined. A simple bang–bang control

strategy was proposed to take advantage of the PARS. To verify the efficiency of the

proposed system, a CarSim model was built and co-simulated with

MATLAB/Simulink. The rollover coefficient was used as the indicator for vehicle

rollover. The results clearly showed that PARS had excellent potential in preventing

vehicle rollovers. Experimental studies on implementing the PARS system on a real

SUV were also presented.

C. Research Gap

In the study conducted by Weijian Jia et, al.(2020), entitled A Research on

Steering Stability of High-Speed Tracked Vehicles’ it only focused on steering

stability of high-speed tracked vehicles but it failed to highlight the level of skills in

inspecting car stability.

Also, the study conducted by Cordos & Todoruţ (2018), entitled Influences

of the Suspensions Characteristics on the Vehicle Stability’ the main objective of this

study is to track the influence of the suspension system on the stability for a vehicle

on a particular route using a simulation program but it failed to highlight the

challenges they encounter on inspecting car stability.

Therefore, the level of skills and challenges of car stability inspection will be

conduct considering the cited research gap. Also the studies mentioned by the

authors did not scale the study of the researcher.

D. Conceptual Framework

The independent variable of the study is the level of skills of car stability

inspection. The skills of inspecting the car stability is needed to ensure that the

process is done correctly for safety purposes.

Thus, the dependent variable of the study is the challenges encountered on

car stability inspection among students.

 While the independent variable of the study is the skills of car stability

inspection among students. Also, this will emphasize that the Level of skills and

challenges may or may not have relationships with each other.

Independent Variable Dependent Variable

Level of Skills on Car

Challenges encountered on
Stability Inspection.
Car Stability Inspection.

Figure 1. Conceptual Framework of the Study

 Chapter III

METHODOLOGY

This chapter presents the research methodology which includes the

research design, respondents, locale of the study, map of the locale of the study,

data collection, sampling techniques, Instrumentation, operationalization of variables,

and ethical consideration.

Research Design

The researchers will use Descriptive-Correlational design. Since the

focused of the study is to determine the level of skills and challenges of car stability

inspection among automotive students.

According to Quaranta (2017), descriptive-correlational study is a study in

which the researcher is primarily interested in describing relationships among

variables. Also, Tankersley, (2015) described descriptive-correlational design as a

design to help find direct relationships of the variables.

Respondents

The respondents of the study will be the Automotive Students who are

enrolled in S.Y. 2022-2023 at General Santos City National High School.

Locale of the Study

This study will be conducted at General Santos City National High School

found at Rizal Street, Calumpang, General Santos, 9500 South Cotabato. The

school currently implements a K-12 basic education program offering both junior and

senior high school in accordance with the resolution that was ordered by the

Department of Education (DepEd). It has Academic tracks such as Humanities and

Social Science (HumSS) strand, General Academic Strand (GAS) and Accountancy,

Business and Management(ABM) strand and Science, Technology, Engineering and

Mathematics (STEM) strand as well as Technical-Vocational-Livelihood (TVL) track

which equips students with technical skills, Arts and Design track and Sports track

for its senior high school program. Furthermore, The school is composed of 13,457

students officially enrolled and 30 school administrators.

     
Figure 2. Map of General Santos City National High School
Data Gathering Procedures

To facilitate the collection of data, the following steps will be taken ;

1. A letter-request will be sent to Principals and School Administrators of General

Santos City National High School to allow the researcher to conduct the survey;

2.The researchers will inform their adviser of the approval of the above request;

3.The researcher will set a schedule base on agreement with the Teacher and

School Administrators of General Santos City National High School ;

4. The researcher will collect the list of Automotive Students in every year level;

5.The researcher will prepare the number of copies to the total number of

respondents and will ensure that each of them will receive a complete set;

6.The questionnaires will personally administered by the researchers and will

retrieve after the schedule time as agreed by both parties;

7.The data will be tabulated, encoded, and processed manually;

8.Findings will be extracted and analyze base on the processed data; and

9.Results of the study will be interpret to arrive at conclusions and recommendations.

Sampling Technique

The researcher will use simple random sampling in selecting the respondents

of the study. According Coleman (2021), random sampling is a part of the sampling

technique in which each sample has an equal probability of being chosen and is one

of the simplest forms of collecting data from total population. Also this is usually used

to select samples from a large number of populations.

Instrumentation

The researcher will utilize adapted -survey questionnaire to determine the

level of skills and challenges of car stability inspection in general santos city national

high school that cosists of two parts

Part I. It is compose of a statements that will measure the level of skills on car

stability inspection ; while

Part II. Compose of statements that would talk about the challenges of car

stability inspection.

Data Analysis and Interpretation

In this study, the researchers will utilize the following statistical tools and

treatment for the analysis of data.

For SOP 1 and 2, arithmetic mean will be used to determine the level of skills

and challenges encountered by the automotive students on car stability inspection

among automotive students, while for

SOP 3, Pearson moment correlation r will be used to determine the significant

relationship between level of skills and challenges on car stability inspection among

automotive students.
 Chapter IV

RESULT AND DISCUSSION

This chapter presents the results and discussions of the data gathered

which are presented based on the statement of the problem.

1. Level of Skills on Car Stability Inspection Among Automotive

Students

Table 1
Level of Skills on car stability Inspection

Indicators Mean SD Description

1.) I know how to inspect the proper angle of suspension .

3.07 0.69 Very High
2.) I can check the condition of flexible couplings and 2.40 0.67 High
universal joints.
3.) I can check the steering fluid level. 3.37 0.72 Very High

4.) I know how to check the P.S.I of the tire. 3.07 0.98 Very High

I can check the front wheel alignment either Toe in or

5.) 2.83 0.79 High
Toe out.
Mean 2.95 High

n=15

Table 1 in the data above it shows the result on the level of skills on car

stability inspection among automotive students of General Santos City National High

School. Based on the data presented, the indicator I can check the condition of

flexible couplings and universal joints got the lowest mean of 2.40 which described

as High. However, the indicator I can check the steering fluid level got the highest

weighted mean of 3.37, which describe as Very High. The overall mean in table 1 is

2.95 which described as High.

The overall mean was 2.95, which described as High.

 This suggest that the General Santos City National High School automotive

students have a high overall mean. They have skills on inspecting the car stability

including suspension, steering, and wheel alignment. They need more learning to

improve their skills. This means that the automotive students are skillful in inspecting

the car stability but still lack.

According to Rob Thompson (2013) The lab worksheets provided are

meant to reinforce important fundamental skills that each student should master.

Whether used in a high school or post-secondary training program, AM&LR

is designed to guide student through the MLR tasks and onto becoming automotive

professionals.

Table 2
Challenges on Car Stability inspection
Indicators Mean SD Description
1.) Inspect the proper angle of suspension.
3.03 0.88 Very High
2.) Check the condition of flexible couplings and
universal joints. 2.37 0.71 High

3.) Check the steering fluid level. 3.00 0.94 Very High
4.) Check the P.S.I of the tire. 2.97 0.96 High
5.) Check the wheel alignment either Toe in or Toe out. 2.80 0.96 High

Mean 2.83 High

n=15
Table 2 in the data above shows the result of the challenges on car stability

inspection among grade 12- Automotive students of General Santos City National

High School. The indicator Check the condition of flexible couplings and universal

joints got the lowest weighted mean of 2.37, and is described as high. However, the

indicator Inspect the proper angle of suspension got the highest weighted mean of

3.03 and is described as Very High based on the data presented.

The overall mean in table 2 is 2.83 which described as High.

This suggest that the automotive students meet their prospects of the result

it shows that the overall is high. Automotive students struggles on inspecting the car

stability because they lack of knowledge since they experience is not enough

because it’s difficult for them to execute the proper inspection on car stability. This

means that the automotive students are very challenged in inspecting the car

stability, needed for them to be master in this craft.

Also Nah (2019) cited that the proper inspection, it is necessary to perform a

visual check of the system and tyres.

Table 3

Level of Skills and Challenges on Car Stability Inspection Among Automotive

Students.

Challenges on Car Stability Inspection

Variables
R R2 p-value Remarks

Level of Skills on
Car Stability 0.53 0.28 0.00 Significant
Inspection
Table 3 presents the Level of Skills and Challenges on Car Stability

Inspection, in General Santos City. The results showed that the Pearson

Correlation Coefficient between two variables is r=-0.53. While, the coefficient

determination (r^2) is r^2=0.28. The p-value which is 0.00 is equal to α

=0.05, therefore, there is a significant relationship between the two variables.

Thus, null hypothesis is rejected.

This suggest that the automotive students in General Santos City

National High School, are encountered more challenges about the car stability

inspection. The respondents experience struggles because they lack of

knowledge on inspecting car stability for the reason that they lack of

experience. This could be due to the fact that as automotive students become

more skilled in inspecting the car stability, they may be able to identify more

complex problems that require greater expertise and experience to solve.

According to DL MacQuarrie (2005) The Results of the analyses

indicated that the ASTISP Assessment had a good internal reliability estimate,

a = .828. The concurrent validity relationship between the predictor

assessment scores and the criterion scores are moderately low, rs = .355.

The relationship’s weakness was attributed to the criterion measurement’s

general rating scales as it was designed for the evaluating supervisors’

technical skill level. External relationships between the ASTISP Assessment

scores and developmental indicators exhibited moderate relationships, further

indicating validity.
 CHAPTER V

REFLECTION AND RECOMMENDATION

This chapter represents the summary, findings, conclusion, and

recommendation of the study.

Summary

This descriptive – correlational study determined the Level of Skills and

Challenges on Car Stability among Automotive Students in General Santos City.

Specifically, this study sought to answer the following questions:

1. What is the Level of Skills on Car Stability Inspection Among Automotive Students

in General Santos City?

2. What is the Level of Challenges on Car Stability Inspection Among Automotive

Students in General Santos City?

3. Is there a significant relationship between the Level of Skill and Challenges on Car

Stability Inspection Among Automotive Students in General Santos City?

The study was conducted at General Santos City with total respondent of 30 who

were selected through purposive sampling.

Findings

Based on the analysis of the gathered data, the following were the result of

the study.

1. The Level of Skills on Car Stability Inspection Among Automotive Students has a

total weighted mean of 2.95 which described as High.

2. The Level of Challenges on Car Stability Inspection Among Automotive Students

has a total weighted mean of 2.83 which described as High.

3. There is significant relationship between the Level of Skill and Challenges on

Wireless Alignment among Car Technicians in General Santos City with r= -0.53 and

a p – value of 0.00. Thus, the null hypothesis is rejected.

Conclusion

1. The study revealed that Automotive Students in General Santos City having a high

level of skills in Car Stability Inspection, which is essential for ensuring vehicle

safety. Continuous learning could further enhance their skills and gain more

experience in this field.

2. Automotive Students in General Santos City encounter significant challenges

when performing Car Stability Inspection, despite their high level of skills.

Continuous learning is necessary to address these challenges and ensure the safety

and performance of vehicles.

3. The study indicates that the higher the level of skills of car stability inspection, the

more complex problems they can identify, leading to greater challenges. To ensure

the safe and efficient operation of vehicles, automotive students must continue to

develop their skills and gain more knowledge in inspecting the car stability.

Recommendations

Based on the findings of the study, the following recommendations are

indicated:

1. Provide continuous learning: Continuous learning should be established to

enhance the skills of automotive students on car stability inspection. Learnings and

knowledge could be improved by more experience.

2. Encourage automotive students to seek out opportunities to learn more about car

stability inspection. This could include attending workshops, conferences, or online

courses.
3. Review the processes and procedures used by automotive students on inspecting

the car stability to identify any areas where improvements can be made. This could

include updating documentation or streamlining procedures to reduce the time

required to perform tasks.

4. Ensure availability of resources: Ensure that automotive students have access to

the necessary resources to effectively car stability inspection. This could include

access to diagnostic equipment, tools, and software updates.

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