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PDF Konsep Askep Cerebral Palcy Hydrochepus Poliomyelitis Dan Ctev Compress
PDF Konsep Askep Cerebral Palcy Hydrochepus Poliomyelitis Dan Ctev Compress
M@_Y_YD ECIB 7
FICEK^EF 1
`
FA]A ^IDLAD]AX
^ug` mad syufur fak` padgatfad fibam`rat ]ubad PKI farida atas `z`d, fuasa mad
pirc`dmudladDya, sib`dlla fak` mapat kidyicisa`fad kafacab midlad gumuc
–Fedsip Asubad Fipirawatad ^ama Adaf Midlad Ladlluad Fihutubad Aft`v`tas
^atecel`s Mar` _`stik ^irsyarajad mad Kusfucesficitac (Oirihrac ^acoy,
Bymreobipacus, _oec`es`s, ^ec`ekyic`t`s, mad O]IZ)‛.
O]IZ) ‛.
hicuk sikpurda. Ecib farida `tu fak` kebed sarad mad fr`t`f yadl kikhadlud
udtuf pirha`fad kafacab `d` .
^ama fisikpatad `d` fak` kidluoapfad hadyaf tir`kafas`b fipama Mesid
fipirawatad adaf yadl m`hir`fad fipama fak` ecib hapaf Pubadsyab, _.Fip ., Ds.,
K.Fip _icafu luru yadl kikhir`fad tulas `d` gula yadl ticab kikhir`fad
fisikpatad fipama fak` udtuf kikhuat kafacab `d` mad sikua hidtuf h`kh`dlad
sirta pidlagaraddya yadl fak` tir`ka macak kidyicisa`fad piduc`sad kafacab `d`.
^iduc`s
``
MAJ]AX @_@
OEZIX ......................................................................................................... `
FA]A ^IDLAD]AX
^IDLAD]AX .................................................................................... ``
MAJ]AX ^Y_]AFA..................................................................................... ```
HAH @ ^IDMABYCYAD
^IDMABYCYAD ............................................................................... 1
1.1. CA]AX HICAFADL........................................................................ 1
1.8. XYKY_AD KA_ACA
K A_ACAB
B .................................................................... 1
1.?. ]YGYAD .......................................................................................... 1
HAH @@ ^IKHABA_AD
^IKHABA_AD ................................................................................ 8
8.1. Fedsip Asubad Fipirawatad ^ama Adaf Midlad Ladlluad
Fihutubad Aft`v`tas ^atecel`s Mar` _`stik ^irsyarajad mad
Kusfucesficitac
Kusfucesficitac ............................................................................. 8
8.1.1. Fedsip Asubad Fipirawatad Oirihrac ^acoy ……………. 8
8.1.8. Fedsip Asubad Fipirawatad Bymreobipacus …………… 1?
8.1.?. Fedsip Asubad Fipirawatad_oec`es`s
Fipirawatad_oec` es`s …………………… 8=
8.1.=. Fedsip Asubad Fipirawatad ^ec`ekyc`t`s ……………….. ?1
8.1.9. Fedsip Asubad Fipirawatad O]IZ ……………………….. ?0
```
HAH @
^IDMABYCYAD
1
1.?. ]uguad
Kidlitabu` pidlirt`ad, pr`ds`p, mad fedsip asubad fipirawatad pama adaf
kidlcak` ladlluad fihutubad aft`v`tas patecel`s sar` s`stik pirsyarajad
sad kusfucesfcitac
8
HAH @@
@@
^IKHABA_AD
H. It`ecel`
_uatu mij`d`s` kidlatafad habwa pidyihah Oirihrac ^acsy hirhima ‟
hima tirladtudl pama suatu fcas`j`fas` yadl cuas yadl kic`put` adtara
ca`d 7 tirk`decel` tidtadl adaf ‟
‟adaf
adaf yadl sioara diurecel`f saf`t sigaf
m`cab`rfad, adaf ‟
‟adaf
adaf yadl m`cab`rfad furadl hucad midlad hirat hamad
cab`r ridmab mad adaf-adaf yadl hirat hamad cab`rdya sadlat ridmab,
yadl hir`s`fe Oirihrac ^acsy mad tirk`decel` tidtadl adaf ‟
‟adaf
adaf yadl
m`cab`rfad macak fiamaad sibat mad kirifa yadl hir`s`fe kidlacak`
Oirihrac ^acsy siticab kasa fadaf ‟
‟fadaf.
fadaf. (_wa`kad, 1002). Oirihrac
^acsymapat m`sihahfad jafter lidit`f kaupud jafter ca`ddya. Apah`ca
m`tikufad cih`b mar` satu adaf yadl kidmir`ta fica`dad `d` macak suatu
ficuarla, kafa fikudlf`dad hisar m`sihahfad jafter lidit`f.
(_eitg`d`dls`b, 1009) \aftu tirgam`dya firusafad etaf sioara lar`s
hisar mapat m`hal` pama kasa pradatac, pir`datac mad pestdatac.
pestdatac.
?
=
h. M`sf`dit`f
M`mek`das` ecib ahderkac`tas hidtuf atau lirafad ‟
‟lirafad
lirafad
`dvecudtir, t`maf tirfedtrec, hirucadl ‟
‟ucadl
ucadl mad famadlfaca
kicafufad lirafad stirietypi
stirietypi..
o. Ated`f
Adaf ‟
‟adaf
adaf pidmir`ta O^ t`pi ated`f kidlacak` b`peted`s`tas mad
ficikabad pama faf`. \acaupud kidlacak` b`peted`f dakud
cidlad mapat kidlbas`cfad lirafad yadl kidmifat` fifuatad
mad feerm`das` derkac.
9
m. Oakpurad
Oirihrac pacsy
pacsy oakpurad kidudguffad kad`jistas` spast`f mad
iftrap`rak`mac, sir`dlfac` m`tikufad amadya fekpedid atafs`a.
a. Civic 1 (r`dlad)
Adaf mapat hirgacad tadpa pikhatasad/tadpa
pikhatasad/tadpa acat hadtu, t`maf
kikircufad pidlawasad eradltua, oara hirgacad oufup stah`c,
mapat hirsifecab h`asa, aft`j`tas fib`mupad sibar ̀‟
sibar` ‟bar`
bar` 1>> %
mapat m`cafufad sidm`r`.
h. Civic 8 (simadl)
Adaf hirgacad midlad atau tadpa acat hadtu, acat udtuf akhucas`
`acab hraoi
hraoi,, tr`pem atau tedlfat fit`af. Faf` / tudlfa` kas`b mapat
hirjudls` sihala` pidledtrec laya hirat hamad. _ihal`ad hisar
aft`j`tas fib`mupad sibar ̀‟
sibar` ‟bar`
bar` mapat m`cafufad sidm`r` mad mapat
hirsifecab.
o. Civic ? (hirat)
Kakpu udtuf kafad mad k`duk sidm`r`, mapat mumuf, kiradlfaf
atau kidliset, mapat hirlauc midlad tikad ‟
‟tikaddya
tikaddya sihaya
mad aft`j. ^idlirt`ad fig`waad mad rasa fi`dmabad kas`b ama,
:
M. ^atej`s`ecel`
Amadya kacjerkas` bakhatad pama vasfucir, atrej`, b`cadldya
b`cadldya diured
mad milidiras` cak`dar afad kid`khucfad darrewirly`r`, sucurad suo`
mad hirat etaf ridmab. Oirihrac pacsy m`lakharfad sihala` fifaoauad
pirlirafad mad pestur tuhub yadl m`sihahfad ecib oaoam ded
prelris`vi atau cufa etaf pama saat adaf-adaf. _uatu prisidtas`
oirihrac pacsy mapat m`af`hatfad midlad suatu masar fica`dad (strufturac
etaf7 awac sihicuk m`cab`rfad, pir`datac, atau cufa-cufa/firul`ad siticab
kicab`rfad macak fa`tad midlad fit`maf oufupad vasfucir, tefs`d atau
`djifs`). Macak hihirapa fasus kad`jistas` atau it`ecel` mapat
hirbuhudlad midlad mairab adatek`. K`sac oirihrac pacsy yadl
hirbuhudlad midlad ficab`rad prikatur yadl m`sihahfad ecib `djarf
I. ^ikir`fsaad ^idudgadl
<
J. ^idatacafsadaad
a. Kim`f
Kim`f
^idlehatad fausac t`maf ama, badya s`ktekat`f. ^ama fiamaad `d`
pircu firga saka yadl ha`f mad kirupafad suatu t`k adtara meftir
adaf, diurecel, ps`f`atir, meftir kata, meftir ]B],abc` ertepim`,
ps`fecel, j`s`etirap`, eooupat`edac tbirap`st, pifirga ses`ac, luru
sifecab cuar h`asa mad eradl tua pas`id.
pas`id.
h. J`s`etirap`
]`dmafad `d` barus silira m`kuca` sioara `dtids`j. Eradl tua turut
m. Ehat-ehatad
]`maf ama ehat udtuf oirihrac pacsy titap` picat`bad etet awac mad
cat`bad fbusus mapat hirkadjaat m`kuca` sihicuk adaf
kidlikhadlfad fih`saad yadl sacab mad peca etet yadl sacab.
^idoilabad fekpc`fas` mad kikhadtu `dm`v`mu udtf kidgacadfad
fib`mupad sipidubdya, badya m`hatas` ecib lld etet mad lld sidser`
(\`csed 8>>< ).
i. Fipirawatad
Kasacab hirladtudl mar` firusafad etaf yadl tirgam`. ^ama ukukdya
m`gukpa` amadya ladlluad pirlirafad sakpa` ritarmas` kidtac, mad
2
0
8. @dtirvids` Fipirawatad
1. M`aldesa
M`aldesa 7 Dutr`s` furadl mar` fihutubad tuhub hirbuhudlad midlad
fit`mafkakpuad udtuf kidicad kafadad (>>>>8)
DEO
Meka`d 7 @@- pbys`ecel`o Biactb
Ocassis 7 F. M`list`ed & Dutr`t`ed
Eutoekis 7 1>>2 Dutr`t`edac status 7 jeem adm jcu`m `dtafi
D@O
Meka`d 7 1. ^bys`ecel`oac7 Has`o
Ocassis 7 M. Dutr`t`ed
@dtirvidt`eds _uppert
7 1>?> Iat`dl M`sermirs Kadalikidt
@dtirvids` 7
1. Fecaheras` midlad abc` l`z` udtuf kididtufad gukcab facer` mad dutr`s` yadl
m`hutubfad pas`id
8. Ked`ter amadya pidurudad hirat hamad mad luca marab
?. Ked`ter c`dlfudlad sicaka kafad
=. Ked`ter `dtafi mad eutput oa`rad
9. Fecaheras` midlad meftir tidtadl fihutubad supcikid kafadad sipirt`
DL] sib`dlla `dtafi oa`rad yadl amifuat mapat m`pirtabadfad
:. Oatat amadya imika, b`pirik`f, b`pirted`f, pap`ca c`mab mad oav`tas erac
8. udtuf
M`aldesa
M`aldesa 7 @dtecirads`
hirliraf (>>>08) aft`v`tas hirbuhudlad midlad fit`mafkakpuad
DEO
Meka`d 7 @Z- Biactb Fdewcimli & Hibav`eur
Ocassis 7 Q ‟
Q ‟ Biactb
Biactb Hibav`er
Eutoekis 7 1:1:Hemy Kiobad`os ^irjerkadoi
1>
D@O
Meka`d 7 ?. Hibav`erac
Ocassis 7 E. Hibav`eur ]birapy
@dtirvidt`eds 7 =?1> Aot`v`ty ]birapy
@dtirvids` 7
1. ]idtufad fikakpuad pas`id udtuf hirpart`s`pas` macak fil`atad
tirtidtu
8. Hirfecaheras` midlad efupas` tirap`s, j`s`f, atau rifrias` macak
piridoadaad mad ked`ter`dl prelrak fil`atad
?. Kikhadtu pas`id udtuf kik`c`b fil`atad mad tuguad pristas` hal`
fil`atad sisua` midlad fikakpuad j`s`f, ps`fecel`s, mad ses`ac
=. Kikhadtu pas`id mad ficuarla udtuf kidl`midt`j`fas`
kidl`midt`j`fa s` oaoat m` t`dlfat
aft`v`tas
9. Kidmeredl fitirc`hatad
fitirc`hat ad macak fil`atad ficekpef atau tirap`
:. Kikhir`fad aft`v`tas keter`f udtuf kirimafad fitiladlad etet
<. Kikhadtu pas`id mad ficuarla udtuf kikadtau fikaguad sidm`r`
tirbamap pidoapa`ad tuguad
?. M`aldesa 7
M`aldesa 7 Xis`fe trauka hirbuhudlad midlad pidurudad feerm`das` etet
(atafs`a) (>>>?2)
DEO
Meka`d 7 @Z- Biactb Fdewcimli & Hibav`eur
Ocassis 7 Q ‟
Q ‟ Biactb
Biactb Hibav`er
Eutoekis 7 1:1: Hemy Kiobad`os ^irjerkadoi
]uguad 7_iticab m`cafufad t`dmafad fipirawatad sicaka 8x8= gak fc`id t`maf
kidlacak` trauka midlad fr`tir`a bas`c7
1. ]`maf m`tikufad amadya fisicie
8. ]`maf amadya keh`c`tas ladlluad pama etet
?. ^as`id tirhihas mar` trauka j`s`f
D@O
Meka`d 7 =. _ajity
Ocassis 7 Z. X`sf kadalikidt
@dtirvidt`eds 7 :=2: Idv`redkidtac Kadalikidt 7 _ajity
@dtirvids` 7
1. @midt`j`fas`
@midt`j`fa s` fihutubad fiakadad pas`id sisua` midlad fedm`s` j`s`f mad
judls` feld`t`j pas`id mad r`wayat pidyaf`t tirmabucu.
11
8. Kidlb`dmar` c`dlfudlad
c `dlfudlad yadl hirhabaya (k`sacdya
(k`s acdya kik`dmabf
kik`dmabfad
ad
pirahetad)
?. Kidladgurfad ficuarla udtuf kidikad` pas`id
=. Kidikpatfad tikpat t`mur yadl dyakad mad hirs`b
9. Kik`dmabfad haradl ‟
haradl ‟ haradl
haradl yadl mapat kikhabayafad
:. Hir`fad pidgicasad pama pas`id mad ficuarla atau pidludgudl amadya
piruhabad status fisibatad mad pidyihah pidyaf`t
=. M`aldesa
M`aldesa 7 Xis`fe fit`mafijift`jad pirjus` gar`dlad etaf hirbuhudlad
midlad m`sifs` artir` (>>8>1)
DEO
Meka`d 7 @@- ^bys`ecel`o Biactb
Ocassis 7 I ‟
I ‟ Oarm`epuckedary
Oarm`epuckedary
Eutoekis 7 >=>: ]`ssui ^irjus`ed7 Oirihrac
D@O
Meka`d 7 =. _ajity
Ocassis 7 Z. X`sf Kadalikidt
@dtirvidt`eds 7 ::2> Z`tac _`lds Ked`ter`dl
@dtirvids` 7
1. ^adtau tifadad marab, dam`,
dam`, subu, mad status pirdajasad
8. ^adtau tifadad marab siticab pas`id ticab kidlakh`c ehat
?. ^adtau tifadad marab, dam` mad pirdapasad sihicuk, sicaka mad siticab
aft`v`tas
=. Kikadtau warda fuc`t, subu, mad ficikhahad
9. Ked`ter amadya m`pcep`a, padmadlad fahur, dyir` fipaca
:. Ked`ter civic fih`dludlad mad er`idtas`
<. Ked`ter tedus etet pirlirafad
2. Ked`ter tifadad `dtrfrad`ac mad risped direcel`s
0. Oatat piruhabad pas`id macak kirisped st`kucus
18
H. It`ecel`
B`mresijacus m`sihahfad ecib fit`mafsi`khadlad adtara premufs` mad
pidyirapad oa`rad m` macak etaf. Af`hatdya, oa`rad m` macak etaf tircacu
hadyaf mad kikhuat tifadad macak fipaca kid`dlfat. Fedm`s` `d` h`sa
m`sihahfad ecib hihirapa jafter, yadl kic`put`7 Ac`rad oa`rad etaf yadl
tirsukhat.
tirsukhat.
9. Ladlluad sidser`f.
sidser`f.
:. ^idurudad mad b`cadldya fikakpuad afr`v`tas.
afr`v`tas.
<. ^iruhabad pup`c m`catas`.
m`catas`.
2. Ladlluad pidlc`batad (m`pceh`a, fahur, v`sus kidurud).
kidurud).
0. ^iruhabad tadma-tadma v`tac (dajas macak, dam` cakhat,
b`pirtirk`,/ b`petirk`).
b`petirk`).
1>. ^idurudad fikakpuad hirp`f`r.
hirp`f`r.
1?
M. ^atej`s`ecel`
^remufs` O_J tirutaka tirladtudl pama tradsperacsicsad, tirutaka
datr`uk kic`dtas` kikhrad ip`tic fbusus mar` pcifsus fere`mius fi
macak redlla vidtr`fic. A`r sioara pas`j kidl`fut` udtuf kikumabfad
fisi`khadlad esket`f. Bas`cdya amacab kasufdya oa`rad fi macak
vidtr`fic etaf. Oa`rad hirsicucas` ciwat afuamuftus s`cv` mad vidtr`fic
fiikpat, kasuf fi macak ruadl suharafbde`m kicacu` jerakida
cusbifa mad kilidm`i. Fikum`ad m`ahserhs` fi macak s`rfucas` vida
mar` ruadl suharafbde`m yadl kic`put` etaf, sigukcab tirtidtu kimuca
sp`dac`s mad cap`sad ipidm`k yadl kicap`s` vidtr`fic.
^resis tirgam`dya b`mresijacus mapat m`ficekpeffad sihala` hir`fut 7
1. Fica`dad fedlid`tac.
a. ]EXOB.
h. F`sta-f`sta
F`sta-f`s ta paras`t.
o. Cuis fedlid`tac.
?. ]rauka.
_ipirt` pama pikhimabad sihicuk mad sisumab cab`r macak etaf
mapat kidyihahfad j`hres`s ipte kid`dlid pama mairab hasac
etaf, m`sakp`dl erlad`sas` marab `tu sidm`r` yadl kidlaf`hatfad
tirgam`dya sukhatad yadl kidlladllu ac`rad O__.
1=
=. Diepcaska.
]irgam`dya b`mresijacus m`s`d` ecib farida ehstrufs` kifad`s yadl
mapat tirgam` m` sit`ap ac`rad O__. Diepcaska tirsihut adtara ca`d7
a. ]uker vidtr`fic @@@
h. ]uker jessa pestir`er.
o. ^a`cceka pcifsus fbere`mius.
m. Ciufik`a, c`kjeka
9. Milidirat`j.
B`stes`tes`s R, `dfedt`didt`a p`lkidt` mad pidyaf`t frahhi.
:. Ladlluad vasfucir.
a. M`catas` s`dus murac.
h. ]rekhes`s s`dus videsus.
o. Kacjerkas` Z. Lacid`.
m. Ifstafs` A. Has`car`s.
i. Artir`e videsus kacjerkas`.
I. ^ikir`fsaad ^idudgadl
Kidurut Dicbaus (102<) b`mresijacus sir`dl kikpudya` ligaca-ligaca
mad tadma-tadma. Dakud ama fasus-fasus sakar yadl t`maf
tirm`aldes`s sakpa` miwasa, midlad mik`f`ad pircu amadya fitic`t`ad
mcak kidadlad` pidmir`ta yadl m`mula kidmir`ta b`mresijacus, kuca`
19
1:
=. ^ikir`fsaad ram`ecel`s.
^ikir`fsaad jete peces fipaca, piciharad jedtadica, sirta
piciharad sutura. Fikudlf`dad m`tikufaddya puca fiamaad-
fiamaad ca`d sipirt` amadya facs`j`fas` pir`vidtr`fucir sihala` tadma
amadya `djifs` oytekilace `docus`ed m`easi, facs`j`fas` h`catirac
kidudguffad amadya `djifs` tefse pcaskes`s. ^ikir`fsaad
uctrasedelraj`, mapat kikhir`fad lakharad amadya piciharad
s`stik vidtr`fic yadl cih`b gicas cal` pama hay`, mad udtuf m`aldes`s
fica`dad sicaka kas`b macak fadmudlad.
^ikir`fsaad O]-_oadd`dl kidudguffad amadya piciharad
vidtr`fic. M`sakp`dl `tu gula mapat udtuf kikpicagar` s`rfucas`
oa`rad sirihresp`dac ya`tu midlad kidyudt`ffad fedtras ram`e epaf
J. ^idatacafsadaad
1<
8. M`aldesa Fipirawatad
A. ^irjus` gar`dlad t`maf ijift`j7 sirihrac h.m pid`dlfatad
pid`dlfatad tifadad
`dtrafrad`ac, b`pirvecik`a
b`pirvecik`a
H. Ladlluad pirsips` sidser` h.m ladlluad pusat pirsips` sidser`.
sidser`.
O. Firusafad `dtrilr`tas fuc`t h.m pidurudad keh`c`tas j`s`f, mij`s`ids`
mij`s`ids`
s`rfucas`.
s`rfucas`.
M. Xis`fe mij`s`t vecuki oa`rad h.m kuac, kudtab, aderifs`a
aderifs`a
I. ^iruhabad presis ficuarla h.m piruhabad status fisibatad
adlleta ficuarla
ficuarla
J. Furadl pidlitabuad eradl tua tidtadl pidyaf`t, pirawatad,
fekpc`fas` h.m furadl `djerkas`
`djerkas`
12
?. @dtirvids` Fipirawatad
]irpic`baradya
v`tac7]M, dam`, risp`ras`,
status diurecel`s. subu, k`d`kac t`ap 19
]adma v`tac stah`c
kid`t sakpa` fiamaad
pas`id stah`c.
Ked`ter t`dlfat
Da`ffad fipaca midlad
sumut 19-=9>, tadpa
hadtac (t`maf
b`pirifstids` atau jcifs`)
mad pes`s` ditrac (pes`s`
fipaca sakpa` cukhac
ama macak lar`s curus).
Adgurfad adaf mad
kidluradl` aft`v`tas
10
tifadad `dtrafrad`ac,
k`sacdya7 `r`tah`c`tas,
tadl`s, saf`t fipaca,
kuac kudtab.
8>
Ir`tika (-).
sit`ap piruhabad
Fuc`t fipaca turler
pes`s`.
ha`f, utub. ^irtabadfad
dutr`s`
Cufa (-).
sisua` prelrak tirap`.
= Xis`fe mij`s`t _iticab m`cafufad
vecuki oa`rad h.m t`dmafad fipirawatad7 Ked`ter `dtafi eutput
81
Kikhrad
kufesa Oatat gukcab, jrifuids`
Yr`d
eutput >,9-1 Fag`
tadma-tadma
oo/ flHH/ gak. mib`mras`.
adafdya. pidgicasad.
88
Mikedstras`fad
Hir` meredlad pama
pirawatad yadl eradl tua udtuf
m`pircufad. kidlifspris`fad
Kidlitabu`
tadma pirasaad mad barapad
`djifs` mad mad part`s`pas` macak
pid`dlfatad pirawatad adafdya
tifadad midlad pirasaad yadl
`dtrafrad`ac. kidyidadlfad.
Kidgicasfad
Hadtu eradl tua udtuf
pidlehatad yadl mapat kidir`ka
m`hir`fad, k`duk fidyataad tidtadl
ehat sisua` piruhabad mad
ridoada mad pirfikhadlad
kidlirt` ijif adafdya.
sakp`dl. Paf`dfad
eradl tua
habwa adaf
kikhutubfad fas`b
sayadl mad
fiakadad.
Mikedstras`fad
pirawatad yadl
m`pircufad (hala`kada
kidlioif judls`
sbudt, pes`s` adaf),
hir`fad fisikpatad
udtuf kidlucadl
Hir` pidgicasad
tidtadl pidlehatad.
Hir`fad majatar deker
ticiped tiak
8?
8=
H. It`ecel`
^idyihah tirgam`dya sfec`es`s m`adtaradya fedm`s` estiepat`f, sipirt`
jraftur, pidyaf`t tucadl, pidyaf`t artbr`t`s, mad `djifs`. ^ama sfec`es`s
hirat, piruhabad prelris`j pama redlla terafs mapat kidyihahfad
pirhurufad pirdapasad mad farm`evasfucir. (Ditt`da, _admra K.)
]irmapat ? pidyihah ukuk mar` sfec`es`s 7
1. Fedlid`tac (hawaad), h`asadya hirbuhudlad midlad suatu
fica`dad macak pikhidtufad tucadl hicafadl atau tucadl rusuf
yadl kidyatu
kidyatu
8. Diurekusfucir,
Diurekusfucir , pidlidmac`ad
pidlidmac`ad etet yadl huruf
huruf atau ficikabad
etet atau ficukpubad af`hat pidyaf`t hir`fut, Oirihrac pacsy,
89
M. ^ikir`fsaad ^idudgadl
^ama pikir`fsaad j`s`f pidmir`ta h`asadya m`k`dta udtuf kikhudlfuf
fi mipad sib`dlla pikir`fsa mapat kididtufad ficidlfudlad yadl
tirgam`. ^ikir`fsaad diurecel`s (saraj) m`cafufad udtuf kid`ca`
fifuatad, sidsas` atau rijcifs.
^ikir`fsaad ca`ddya yadl h`asa m`cafufad 7
1. Xedtlid tucadl hicafadl.
hicafadl.
R-Xay ^reyifs` Jete peces 7 Barus m`akh`c midlad pestir`er mad
catirac pidub tirbamap tucadl hicafadl mad fr`sta `c`afa midlad
pes`s` tilaf, udtuf kid`ca` miragat
mir agat furva midlad kitemi Oehh mad
kid`ca` katur`tas sficitac midlad kitemi X`ssir. Furva struoturac
afad kikpirc`batfad retas` virtihra 6 pama preyifs` pestir`er-
8:
I. ^idatacafsadaad
^idlehatad yadl m`cafufad tirladtudl fipama pidyihah, miragat mad
cefas` ficidlfudlad sirta stam`uk pirtukhubad tucadl. G`fa
ficidlfudlad furadl mar` 8>%, h`asadya t`maf pircu m`cafufad
pidlehatad, titap` pidmir`ta barus kidgacad` pikir`fsaad sioara
tiratur sit`ap : hucad.
^ama adaf-adaf yadl kas`b tukhub, ficidlfudlad h`asadya
hirtakhab sakpa` 89-?>%, farida `tu h`asadya m`adgurfad udtuf
kidlludafad hraoi (acat pidyadlla) udtuf kikhadtu kikpircakhat
prelris`v`tas ficidlfudlad tucadl hicafadl. Hraoi mar` K`cwaufii &
Hested ijift`j macak kidlidmac`fad prelris`v`tas sfec`es`s, titap` barus
m`pasadl sicaka 8? gak/bar` sakpa` kasa pirtukhubad adaf hirbidt`.
hicafadl.
8<
^arf`dsed).
j. Kidlfag` fuc`t mad s`rfucas` pir`jir
^acpas` fuc`t mapat kidudguffad amadya subu yadl cih`b padas
atau cih`b m`dl`d mar` ca`ddya mad amadya imika. _`rfucas` pir`jir
m`ivacuas` midlad kidlfag` midyut pir`jir, warda, subu mad
waftu pidl`s`ad fap`cir.
8. M`aldesa Fipirawatad
A. Fit`mafijift`jad
Fit`mafijift`jad peca dapas hirbuhudlad
hirbuhudlad midlad pidifadad
pidifadad
paru
82
?. @dtirvids` Fipirawatad
A. Fit`mafijift`jad
Fit`mafijift`jad peca dapas hirbuhudlad
hirbuhudlad midlad pidifadad
pidifadad
paru
80
?>
suksuk hicafadl.
hicafadl.
H. It`ecel`
^idyihah pec`ekyic`t`s Jak`cy ^ioerdav`rus mad Lidus v`rus, m`hal` t`la
ya`tu 7
1. Hrudb`cmi (v`rus ]`pi 1)
1)
8. Cads`dl (v`rus ]`pi 8)
8)
?. Cied (v`rus ]`pi ?)
?)
Z`rus pec`ekyic`t`s tirlecedl macak idtirev`rus yadl j`ctrahic, `djifs`
mapat tirgam` ecib satu atau cih`b t`pi tirsihut yadl mapat m`huft`fad
?1
?8
M. ^atej`s`ecel`
Z`rus badya kidyiradl sic-sic mad mairab susudad saraj tirtidtu. ]`maf
sikua diured yadl tirfida kidlacak` firusafad yadl saka mad h`ca
r`dlad sifac` mapat tirgam` pidyikhubad judls` diured macak ?-=
k`dllu sisumab t`khuc ligaca. ^ec`e afut m`sihahfad ecib asak
r`hedufciat fio`c (XDA) v`rus mar` ficekpef idtirev`rus mar` ficuarla
p`oerdav`rus. @dt` XDA hirudta` tudllac m`fic`c`dl` ecib preti`d faps`m
tadpa akpcep c`p`m, yadl kikhuat v`rus pec`e tabad tirbamap picarut
??
cikaf mad stah`c pama pB ridmab. ]`la adt`lid stra`d hirhima m`fitabu`,
midlad t`pi @ afudtads` udtuf 29% mar` fasus pidyaf`t cukpub. @djifs`
midlad satu gid`s t`maf kic`dmudl` mar` gid`s ca`d, dakud fifihacad
udtuf kas`dl-kas`dl ? stra`d amacab siukur b`mup.
Idtirev`rus mar` pec`e kidl`djifs` sacurad usus kadus`a tirutaka
kicacu` gacur jioac-erac (tadlad fi kucut). Z`rus-v`rus hirfikhadl h`af m`
kufesa sacurad pidoirdaad erejar`dliac
erejar` dliac mad ridmab sicaka 1-? k`dllu
pirtaka kasa `dfuhas`.. Z`rus mapat m`ficuarfad macak a`r c`ur mad
feterad sicaka pir`emi `d`, kidyihahfad sihal`ad hisar best-te-best
tradsk`s`. _iticab jasi awac pidoirdaad, v`rus kidlac`r fi ficidgar
litab hid`dl cibir mad kisidtir`fa mad fikum`ad fi macak ac`rad marab
Badya 9% mar` pas`id yadl tir`djifs` kik`c`f` fitirc`hatad s`stik saraj
sicift`j siticab v`rik`a. Bac `d` m`yaf`d` habwa ripc`fas` m` s`tus
ixtradiurac v`rik`a kikpirtabadfad mad kid`dlfatfad fikudlf`dad
habwa v`rus afad kikasuf` s`stik saraj.
Z`rus pec`e kikasuf` s`stik saraj midlad ha`f kic`dtas` pidlbacadl
marab-etaf atau midlad tradspertas` afsedac mar` saraj pir`jir. Bac `d`
mapat kidyihahfad `djifs` s`stik saraj midlad kic`hatfad lyrus
prioidtrac, tbacakus, b`petbacakus, keter `dt` hatadl etaf mad
sif`tardya jerkas` rit`oucar, `dt` vist`hucar mad oirihiccuk, mad diured
mar` fecek adtir`er mad `dtirkim`at suksuk tucadl hicafadl. _ic-sic
I. ^ikir`fsaad ^idudgadl
1. ^ikir`fsaad Caherater`uk 7
?=
J. ^idatacafsadaad
^idatacafsadaad
1. ^ec`ek`ic`t`s
^ec`ek`ic`t`s Ahert`j 7
a. M`hir`fad adaclit`f mad simat`j
h. M`it amifuat
amifuat
?9
8. @dtirvids` Fipirawatad
A. Mx 1 7 ^iruhabad dutr`s` mar` fihutubad tuhub h/m aderifs`a,
kuac mad kudtab
kudtab
@dtirvids` 7
?:
?<
1) ]idtufad aft`v`tas
aft`v`tas atau fiamaad j`s`f adaf
adaf
Xas`edac 7 Kikhir`fad `djerkas` udtuf kidlikhadlfad
ridoada pirawatad hal` prelrak ribah`c`tas`.
ribah`c`tas`.
8) Oatat mad tir`ka fiamaad ficikabad (ficicabad yadl ama)
ama)
Xas`edac 7 Ficicabad yadl m`acak` mapat kidl`dm`fas`fad
fiamaad adaf
adaf
?) @dmit`j`fas`
@dmit`j`fas ` jaoter-jafter
jaoter-j after yadl kikpidlarub` fikakpuad udtuf
aft`j sipirt` pikasufad kafadad yadl t`maf amifuat.
amifuat.
Xas`edac 7 Kikhir`fad fisikpatad udtuf kikioabfad
?2
_obwartz). ]ac`pis hirasac mar` fata tacus (adfci) mad pis (jeet),
?0
H. It`ecel`
It`ecel` Oedlid`tac ]ac`pis Iqu`de Zarus sakpa` saat `d` hicuk m`fitabu`
past` titap` m`mula ama buhudladya midlad 7 ^irs`stidoi ej jitac
pes`t`ed`dl, Lidit`o, Oa`rad akd`ed macak fituhad yadl tircacu sim`f`t
pama waftu bak`c(ec`leb`mrakd`ed), Diurekusoucar m`sermir (Famadl
faca m`tikufad hirsakaad midlad fica`dad ca`d sipirt` _p`da H`j`ma
atau m`spcas`a mar` redlla padlluc). Ama hihirapa tier` yadl
fikudlf`dad hirbuhudlad midlad O]IZ 7
1. ]ier` frekesekac, adtara ca`d mijif mar` sic lirk`dat`vuk yadl t`maf
m`huab` mad kudouc sihicuk jirt`c`sas`.
jirt`c`sas`.
8. ]ier` ikhr`ed`f, adtara ca`d mijif pr`kir yadl tirgam` pama sic
lirk`dat`vuk yadl m`huab` (m`fut`p mar` @rad` mad _birkad) yadl
kidl`kpc`fas`fad mijif tirgam` adtara kasa fedsips` mad k`dllu fi-
18 fibak`cad
fibak`cad
?. ]ier` etelid`f, ya`tu tier` pirfikhadlad yadl tirbakhat, adtara ca`d
bakhatad tikperir mar` pirfikhadlad yadl tirgam` pama atau
sifhv`tar k`dllu fi-< sakpa` fi-2 listas`. ^ama kasa `d` tirgam`
af`hat`dtrautir`di orewm`dl.
orewm`dl.
=>
=1
M. ^atej`s`ecel`
^idyihah past` mar` ocuhjeet sakpa` sifaradl hicuk m`fitabu`.
Hihirapa abc` kidlatafad habwa fica`dad `d` t`khuc farida pes`s`
ahderkac atau pirlirafad yadl tirhatas macak rab`k. Abc` ca`d
kidlatafad habwa fica`dad tirgam` farida pirfikhadlad ikhryed`o
yadl ahderkac ya`tu saat pirfikhadlad faf` fi arab jcifs` mad ivirs`
pama hucad fi-< fibak`cad. ^irtukhubad yadl tirladllu pama jasi
tirsihut afad kid`khucfad mijerk`tas m`kada m`pidlarub` puca ecib
tifadad `dtrautir`di.
=8
Fica`dad `d` sir`dl tirgam` pama adaf caf`-caf`, mad h`catirac pama 9> %
fasus. Fikudlf`dad tirgam`dya mijerk`tas sioara aoaf amacab 1 7 1>>>
ficab`rad. ^ikir`fsaad pama hay` faf` pifuf kidudguffad iqu`dus faf`
hicafadl, varus faf` hicafadl mad faf` tidlab, ammufs` faf` mipad mad
hirhala` fifafuad. _ikua tikuad `d` amacab af`hat m`scefas` kim`ac
sidm` tacedav`fucir. ^ama adaf yadl cih`b tua, atrej` hit`smad faf` cih`b
dyata mar`pama hay`, tadpa kikadmadl sihirapa ha`f faf` tirferifs`
atau judls`edacdya.
I. ^ikir`fsaad ^idudgadl
Mijerk`tas `d` mapat m`mitifs` sioara m`d` pama saat pridatac midlad
uctrasedelrapby atau tirmitifs` saat ficab`rad.
ficab`rad.
J. ^idatacafsadaad
_if`tar 0>-09% fasus ocuh jeet h`sa m`-triatkidt midlad t`dmafad ded-
epirat`j. ^idadladad yadl mapat m`cafufad pama ocuh jeet tirsihut
mapat hirupa 7
1. Ded-Epirat`vi 7
7
^irtukhubad yadl oipat sicaka pir`emi `djadt kikudlf`dfad
=?
m`atas mad m`hawab oast sioara tiratur, @st`rabat yadl cih`b hadyaf
==
Appciy).
i. ^ama ukur 4 9 tabud m`cafufad hedi preoimuri estieteky.
M`atas ukur 1> tabud atau facau tucadl faf` sumab katuri,
m`cafufad t`dmafad artremis`s tr`pci
tr`pci yadl tirm`r` atas risifs` mad
ferifs` citaf pama t`la pirsidm`ad, ya`tu 7 art. tacefacfadius, art.
tacedav`fucar`s, mad art. facfadiefuhe`m .
=9
=:
=<
=2
`) @dspifs` ha
hal`ad
l`ad macak l`ps udtuf amadya hidma-hidma yadl
tirfamadl m`kasuffad ecib adaf yadl kas`b fio`c
g) Ehsirvas` amadya tadma-tadma
tadma-tadma `djifs`7 ^ir`fsa amadya
mra`dasi, O`uk l`ps udtuf amadya hau kidyidlat, ^ir`fsa
l`ps udtuf amadya ‛hiroaf padas‛ yadl kidudguffad `djifs`
m`hawab l`ps, \aspama` amadya pid`dlfatad subu, citarl`
mad fit`mafdyakadad
f) Ehsirvas` firusafad pirdapasad (l`ps sp`fa) 7 Fag` ifspads`
mama adaf, Ehsirvas` jrifuids` pirdajasad, Ehsirvas`
warda mad pir`cafu
c) Fag` amadya huft`-huft` pirmarabad (rimufs` himab tirhufa)7
Hatas` aria pirmarabad
k) Fag` fihutubad tirbamap dyir`
8. M`aldesa Fipirawatad
a. Xis`fe t`dll` o`mira hirbuhudlad midlad amadya l`ps,
pikhidlfafad gar`dlad, fikudlf`dad firusafad saraj
h. Ladlluad rasa dyakad (Dyir`) hirbuhudlad midlad o`mira
j`s`f
j`s`f
o. Xis`fe t`dll` firusafad `dtilr`tas fuc`t hirbuhudlad midlad
l`ps
l`ps
?. @dtirvids` Fipirawatad
=0
piruhabad kidadmafad
Fr`tir`a Bas`c 7
warda tirgam`dya
‟
‟ Gar` faf`
(s`ades`s atau ladlluad
badlat, kirab
puoat), s`rfucas`
kuma, sids`t`j, mad
pucsas`, Farida
kidudguffad
badlat, mad pidifadad mapat
pidl`s`ad fap`cir
fikakpuad kidyihahfad
midlad silira
udtuf aria tifad
‟
‟ L`ps
hirliraf Ydtuf kic`dmudl`
tadlad, Ydtuf
b`dmar` kidlir`dlfaddy
9>
Gadlad macak
d l`ps midlad
f`pas
pikadas atau
pidlir`dl
Ludafad
f`pas h`asa m`
c`dlfudlad
midlad
ficikhahad
t`dll`
91
Hirs`bfad
aria yadl
midlad fa`d
hasab mad
sim`f`t
pikhirs`b
put`b yadl
ridmab
ahras`j.
98
‟
‟ Adaf t`maf mipidmid dyir`
kicicabfad latac
‟
‟ fit`mafdyakad
B`cadlfad Farida suhstads`
ad k`der mapat
rasa latac `d` kikpudya`
m`tecirads`
m`hawab l`ps fioidmirudlad
jad, atau
pidlir`dl
rakhut.
B`dmar`
kidlludafa
d himaf atau
cet`ed
m`hawab l`ps
9?
sisuatu fi kik`ou
hidma-hidma kidliras
gicasfad tirmisfuakas`
pidt`dl sihasia
9=
Gala alar
fuc`t yadl
tirpagad titap
hirs`b mad
hihas mar`
`r`tad
C`dmudl` l`ps
sicaka
kadm`,
fiouac` g`fa
l`ps s`dtit`f
tabad
tirbamap a`r
_icaka l`ps
m`cipas,
ridmak mad
hasub fuc`t
midlad
pircabad
HAH @@@
99
^IDY]Y^
?.1. Fis`kpucad
Oirihrac pacsy amacab fica`dad yadl m`sihahfad ecib firusafad etaf yadl
kidyihahfad fica`dad pama judls` liraf mad feerm`das`, ps`fecel`s mad
feld`t`j sib`dlla kikpidlarub` hicagar kidlagar
B`mreoipbacus amacab suatu fiamaad patecel`s etaf yadl kidlaf`hatfad
hirtakhabdya oa`rad oirihresp`dac (O__) midlad atau pirdab midlad
tifadad `dtra frad`ac yadl kid`dll` sib`dlla tirmapat piciharad ruadlad
tikpat kidlac`rdya O__.
_fec`es`s amacab cidlfudlad atau furvatura catirac pama tucadl hicafadl
af`hat retas` mad mijerk`tas virtihra.
9:
MAJ]AX ^Y_]AFA
9<