Thandolwenkosi Mnyandeni

2018043592

ECED4703

Assessment task 3

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Table of Contents
Introduction.................................................................................3
Teacher/practitioner/principal training.....................................4-5
Families and community development....................................5-6
Infrastructure development.....................................................6-7
Collaboration with the Department of Social Development....8-9
Service delivery to rural and farm communities....................9-10
Reference list............................................................................11

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Introduction
Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) are increasingly being recognized or
supported as alternative health care, community development, social justice,
education, and a variety of other aims, but they are limited by government
inefficiencies and resource limits. However, the situation of NGOs is more complex;
in addition to disparities between governments, NGOs may suffer from a lack of
resources and inefficient administration, similar to those provided by the government.
The goal of this assignment is to learn about the role of non-governmental
organizations (NGOs) in terms of Teacher/practitioner/principal training, Family and
community development, and Collaboration with the Department of Social
Development. Infrastructure development and service delivery to rural and farm
communities

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Teacher/practitioner/principal training
Teacher education has traditionally been viewed as primarily vocational and
occupational, with minimal academic engagement from higher education institutions
(HEIs) beyond a Foundation Phase (FP) degree that may include a module on the
fundamentals of early childhood development (ECD). Many NGOs work in rural and
underprivileged areas, NGOs have tended to dominate private provision of the
Education, Training and Development Practices Sector Education and Training
Authority's (ETDP SETA) National Qualifications Framework (NQF) Levels 4 and 5
qualifications in ECD. Non-governmental organizations accepted the challenge and
collaborated with 'practitioners' to provide a qualification via ETDP SETA (Biersteker
& Picken 2008; Mbarathi, Mthembu, & Diga 2016). Levels 1, 2, 4, and 5 were
produced initially, with a later inclusion of Level 6, which frequently took the form of a
Grade R diploma1 (ETDP SETA 2012; SAQA 2008).

Difficulties developed in monitoring the quality of training and implementation, as well

as a lack of understanding about applying for accreditation and dysfunctionality in
the ETDP SETA, resulting in training organizations offering courses but unable to
issue certificates. This has a significant impact on NGOs' reputation as service
providers as well as participants' capacity to benefit from qualifications. Another
source of worry was the adoption of qualifications (Bridge 2016). Many student
teachers come from low-income families with limited educational opportunities and
are expected to learn in English, which is not their native language. As a result,
completing NQF Levels 4 or 5 might take a long period, and there is a significant
attrition rate. Furthermore, because these degrees are classified as vocational rather
than professional, practitioners are unable to register with the South African Council
of Educators (SACE) and hence cannot earn the pay of a professional.

As a result, rather than professionalizing the field, it remains caught in an

unstructured and uncontrolled setting that does little to improve the quality of early
childhood education. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are key players in the
growth of ESD. They not only work with communities on development initiatives, but
they also train and empower young environmental and sustainability leaders. As a
result, NGOs occasionally include university students in their activities to foster youth
passion and inventiveness in sustainability. NGOs, particularly in developing
countries, can help compensate for HEIs' low budgets and capacity by providing

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students with ESD courses and training. NGOs can also work with university
educators to design courses and expand community engagement, and they can
provide opportunities for university graduates. The contribution of NGOs in training
teacher students on ESD, with semi-structured interviews offering supplementary
material. Wiek et al.'s (2016) paradigm was used to assess the effects of NGO
courses on student teachers' sustainability competencies. This framework
recommends six important sustainability competences for students to acquire: Skill in
systems thinking Competence in futures thinking (or anticipatory thinking) strategic
thinking (or action-oriented) competence values thinking (or normative) competence
Collaboration (or interpersonal) ability and integrated problem-solving ability.

The contribution of NGOs in training teacher students on ESD, with semi-structured

interviews offering supplementary material. Wiek et al.'s (2016) paradigm was used
to assess the effects of NGO courses on student teachers' sustainability
competencies. This framework recommends six important sustainability
competences for students to acquire: Skill in systems thinking Competence in futures
thinking (or anticipatory thinking) strategic thinking (or action-oriented) competence
values thinking (or normative) competence Collaboration (or interpersonal) ability
and integrated problem-solving ability

Families and community development

It can be stated that non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play a vital role in

fostering sustainable community development that emphasizes a balance between
environmental challenges and development goals while also improving local social
ties. Sustainable communities meet their people's economic needs, improve and
protect the environment, and encourage more humanitarian communities. According
to William (1991), six important roles of NGOs in community development can be
identified: (1) infrastructure development and operation; (2) support for innovation,
demonstration, and pilot projects; (3) communication facilitation (NGOs can facilitate
communication upward from people to government and downward from government
to people); (4) technical assistance and training; (5) research, monitoring, and
evaluation; and (6) advocacy.

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NGOs help communities develop social, capital, and human resources through
developing knowledge and skills, encouraging people to participate in activities, and
acting as a link between communities and systems. Participation in these activities
will help them to grow stronger as a result of community development (Abiddin,
2013). Long-term community development is the result (Nikkah & Redzuan, 2017).

Except for political parties and private organizations, the term NGOs refers to all
organizations formed outside of governmental agencies. The organization must be
voluntary and carry out operations in accordance with the laws of the country. NGOs
are properly organized organizations that strive to contribute to the reduction of
human suffering and the development of disadvantaged countries (Streeten, 1997)
through a range of strategies such as sponsoring initiatives, assisting in the provision
of services, and capacity building (Baccaro, 2001).

According to Stromquist (2002), NGOs have three main functions: providing

services, providing educational services, and defending public policy. Baccaro (2001)
demonstrates how certain NGOs can promote organization and empowerment of the
disadvantaged, particularly women, through group member training, awareness
raising, and other social services. According to Zimmerman and Rappaport (1988),
empowerment is an individual's ability to gain social, political, economic, and
psychological control through access to information, knowledge, and skills, decision-
making, and individual self-efficacy, community participation, and perceived control.
NGOs have long sought to promote long-term community development through
activities that encourage capacity building and empowerment.

According to Langran (2002), capacity building enables NGOs to support community

development. NGOs are frequently formed in order to improve people's talents.
NGOs are often praised for increasing community autonomy and empowerment by
assisting community groups and engaging in participatory procedures (Korten,
1990).

Infrastructure development
Local, national, and regional non-governmental organizations (NGOs) have emerged
as key players and partners in regional development initiatives. At the community
level, they are on the front lines in providing assistance in the acquisition of basic
needs and amenities; identifying issues, raising awareness, and providing

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information to grassroots communities; articulating the communities' problems and
needs and bringing these to the attention of those who can affect change; defending
both the environmental and developmental rights of communities; and building the
capacity of communities to manage their natural resources. Catalyzing and/or
encouraging community active engagement in infrastructure development,
Complementary or neutral to the goals of the local government, raising awareness,
campaigning, and advocacy Because they are self-motivated, ensure the
dependability and sustainability of their projects. Environmental monitoring and
reporting, infrastructure implementation, operations, and maintenance, and
education, training, and capacity building

Some non-governmental organizations (NGOs) primarily assist in the building and

operation of infrastructure. These groups buy land and then utilize it to build schools,
hospitals, wells, public toilets, and other community facilities. NGOs have been able
to construct infrastructure such as school buildings and health clinics; drainage
systems, village dams, and roads; agricultural and livestock development programs;
women’s economic empowerment, payment of school fees, granting loans,
microfinance, provision of mosquito nets, payment of apprentice fees, organizing
health education programs, and disseminating information and knowledge to the
rural populace (Richard, 2018). NGOs have even implemented a plethora of
sustainable livelihood projects, such as Village Savings and Credit Facilities, which
have resulted in strong community social capital, income, and food security in rural
communities.

At the rural level, non-governmental organizations (NGOs) provide loans with a fixed
interest rate and a simple payback method. On the other hand, if a rural person
wants to borrow money from a bank, there must be a lot of paperwork. As a result,
non-governmental organizations (NGOs) are providing loans and assisting rural
communities in their growth. There are several specific points that are highlighted to
demonstrate the effectiveness of the NGOS activity, which indicates the
effectiveness of the loan that is given to rural people. They are as follows: Agriculture
development is accomplished by the provision of agricultural loans. They can
purchase agricultural seeds as well as fertilizers for seasonal harvesting. Rural
individuals can supplement their daily income by receiving a loan for animal
production. Rural residents can develop new small businesses, such as food stores,

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and improve their standard of living. Fisheries is becoming a very promising
business in rural areas. NGOs provide loans for fisheries, allowing rural people to
earn a living and improve their way of life.

Agriculture has been identified as the primary source of income for more than half of
the country's inhabitants. However, this sector has arguably failed to provide ground-
level, long-term development.

Collaboration with the Department of Social Development

NGOs working to alleviate poverty, enhance social welfare, and strengthen civil
society have become increasingly reliant on international funders, resulting in an
explosion of NGOs in many countries. International non-governmental groups have
been around since 1839. It is estimated that there were 1083 NGOs in 1914.
International non-governmental organizations (NGOs) played an essential role in the
anti-slavery and women's suffrage movements, reaching a pinnacle during the World
Disarmament Conference.

Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) have played a significant role in

advocating for sustainable development on a global scale. Campaigning groups
have been significant drivers of inter-governmental agreements on issues ranging
from hazardous waste management to a global ban on land mines and the abolition
of slavery. Advocacy and public awareness: Non-governmental organizations
(NGOs) create public awareness about social concerns and campaign for policy
changes and reforms. They are critical in advancing human rights, gender equality,
environmental sustainability, and other social concerns. NGOs contribute to a better
knowledge of these challenges and pave the way for change through doing
research, education, and lobbying.

Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) frequently work directly with communities

to provide important services and support. They concentrate on addressing gaps in
services that governments may not fully supply, particularly in remote or
disadvantaged areas. NGOs work in a variety of fields, including healthcare,
education, poverty alleviation, and disaster assistance, making a real difference in
people's lives. To address complicated socioeconomic concerns, NGOs work with a
variety of partners, including governments, international organizations, and other
NGOs. NGOs build collaborations to increase their effect and generate synergies by

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leveraging their skills and resources. They work with government agencies to
conduct development projects, with corporations to implement corporate social
responsibility programs, or with other non-governmental organizations to share best
practices and experience.

Capacity building and empowerment: Non-governmental organizations (NGOs)

empower individuals and communities through increasing their knowledge, skills,
and capacities. They offer training programs, educational projects, and workshops to
help individuals and communities confront social challenges more effectively.
Inclusion and participation are also promoted by NGOs through including
marginalized or vulnerable communities in decision-making processes. Monitoring
and evaluation: Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) play an important role in
tracking the success and impact of development projects. They examine the efficacy
of programs and projects by utilizing data collecting, assessment, and reporting
procedures. NGOs serve as watchdogs, ensuring that money are used wisely and
that interventions benefit the intended recipients. Their efforts at monitoring aid in
identifying areas for improvement and enabling evidence-based decision-making.

Overall, NGOs act as catalysts for social change and play an important role in the
advancement of social development. Their work bridges gaps builds capacity,
advocates for changes, and tracks progress, making them essential partners in
supporting equitable and sustainable development.

Service delivery to rural and farm communities

The service delivery function entails non-governmental organizations (NGOs)
delivering products and services to people, particularly those that are not offered by
the government or the commercial sector (Lewis 2001). According to Carroll (1992),
the most visible work of NGOs in the development landscape is service delivery.
NGOs are generally formed to improve and improve people's lives or to work to solve
societal problems in a variety of fields, with some focusing on specific issues or
sectors such as women, youth, the environment, agriculture, microcredit, healthcare,
governance, education, and human rights, while others address a variety of issues
and sectors (Scott and Hopkins 1999; Lewis and Kanji 2009; BinderAvile, 2012).

The NGOs developed a World Vision on Economic Empowerment and also support
agriculture, which is the primary occupation, by de-worming and vaccination of

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livestock, as well as livestock management training for farmers, to help livestock.
World Vision arranges post-harvest preservation training, honey production
(beekeeping), enhanced modern cultivation and storage technology is taught, and
farmers are given improved seedlings, plantain sucker multiplication, and citrus
farming. They also pay apprentice fees for people who do not do hand labor, such as
carpenters, electricians, and plumbers, and all of these activities assist to enhance
people's livelihoods (Lembani, 2019).

World Vision on Healthcare and Service Delivery people in the community will have
more time for economic pursuits and will earn more money as their health improves.
This would economically empower parents to provide for their children's fundamental
needs, which is why World Vision has been drilling and equipping rural regions with
more boreholes with hand pumps since 1986 to offer access to safe drinking water
and help eradicate guinea-worm. They also teach people about better hygiene and
sanitation, as well as building latrines and improving health and nutrition by providing
quality, accessible health services to children and their families, such as
immunizations and de-worming treatment (WVI, 2005). . Hundreds of traditional birth
attendants (BA) have been trained, and mosquito nets distributed to families aid in
malaria prevention. HIV&AIDS is being addressed by involving teachers, pastors,
traditional leaders, and peer educators in HIV&AIDS education, counseling, and
awareness programs.

World Vision, according to Lembani (2009), provides medical and financial

assistance to persons living with HIV/AIDS, as well as orphans and vulnerable
children in society. Hundreds of traditional birth attendants (BA) have been trained,
and mosquito nets distributed to families aid in malaria prevention. HIV&AIDS is
being addressed by involving teachers, pastors, traditional leaders, and peer
educators in HIV&AIDS education, counseling, and awareness programs. World
Vision, according to Lembani (2009), provides medical and financial assistance to
persons living with HIV/AIDS, as well as orphans and vulnerable children in society.

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Reference list
1. Nikkhah, H.A.; Redzuan, M.R.B. The role of NGOs in promoting
empowerment for sustainable community development. J. Hum. Ecol.
2010, 30, 85–92. [CROSSREF]
2. William, C. Non-Governmental Initiatives in ADB, The Urban Poor and
Basic Infrastructure Services in Asia and the Pacific; Asian Development
Bank: Manila, Philippines, 1991
3. Abiddin, N.Z. Developing an informal mentoring relationship in career
advancement and psychosocial of young graduate entrepreneurs for
human resource development. Res. J. Appl. Sci. 2013, 8, 321–329
4. Stromquist, N.P. NGOs in a New Paradigm of Civil Society. Curr. Issues
Comp. Educ. 2002, 1, 62–67
5. Streeten, P. Non-governmental Organisations and Development. Ann. Am.
Acad. Political Soc. Sci. 1997, 554, 193–210. [CrossRef]
6. I A Yagub, A. (2014) Collaboration between government and non-
governmental organizations (ngos) in delivering curative health services in
North Darfur state, sudan- A national report, Iranian journal of public
health. Available at:
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4449404/ (Accessed: 21
July 2023).
7. Zimmerman, M.A.; Rappaport, J. Citizen Participation, Perceived Control,
and Psychological Empowerment. Am. J. Community Psychol. 1988, 16,
725–750. [CrossRef]
8. Baccaro, L. Civil Society, NGOs, and Decent Work Policies: Sorting out the
Issues. The Discussion Paper Series Presents the
9. Preliminary Results of Research Undertaken by the IILS in Geneva. 2001.
Available online:http://www.ilo.int/wcmsp5/groups/public/---dgreports/--
inst/documents/publication/wcms_079070.pdf (accessed on 24 November
2021).

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