LIFE, WORKS, AND WRITINGS OF RIZAL memory of the national hero.

This is not a fight

against Recto but a fight against Rizal.” (Ocampo,
WEEK 1 2012, p.23)

Reimagining Rizal The Rizal Bill only became the Rizal Law after a
compromise between the Catholic Church and the
 Is Rizal still relevant? legislators was reached.
Revisiting Rizal The legislators, especially Recto, agreed to the
condition of watering down the morally offensive
 Is there a need to study Rizal?
parts of Rizal’s novels before they were taught to
Rereading Rizal schools. They called it the expurgated versions.
Further, it was agreed that only colleges and
 Do we really know Rizal? universities would teach these materials to their
students. The bill was enacted on June 12, 1956.
Reimagining Rizal
 “Rizal is everywhere, but nowhere.” Rereading Rizal
- Ambeth Ocampo The Importance of Studying Rizal

 But beneath his overcoat, what do we know 1. It helps us understand better ourselves as Filipinos.
of José Protacio Mercado Rizal y Alonso 2. It teaches nationalism and patriotism.
Realonda? Stripped down to his calzoncillos,
what was he really like? 3. It provides various essential life lessons.
 If he were alive today, would he be taking selfies? 4. Rizal can serve as a worthwhile model and
 “Bury me in the ground, place a stone and a cross inspiration to
over it. My name, the date of my birth and of my
death. Nothing more. If you later wish to surround every Filipino.
my grave with a fence, you may do so. No
5. The subject is a rich source of entertaining
anniversaries. I prefer Paang Bundok.” (Paang
narratives.
Bundok is where Manila North Cemetery now
stands).
“Rizal’s greatness lies in his being human. In Rizal’s Week 2
humanity, we realize our own capacity for greatness.”
– Ambeth R. Ocampo The Philippines in the Nineteenth Century
in Rizal’s Context
Revisiting Rizal
R.A. 1425
 The Economic Context
Senate Bill No. 438 (House Bill No. 5561)
An act to make Noli Me Tangere and El THE END OF GALLEON TRADE
Filibusterismo compulsory reading matter in all public
and private colleges and universities and for other
 Also known as Manila-Acapulco
purposes.
Trade
The bill was passed on May 17, 1956. (Ship Trade) 1565 – 1815
Approved on June 12, 1956.
 Central income-generating
business for
Trials and Debates Spanish colonists in the Philippines
Senator Claro M. Recto (main proponent of  September 14, 1815 – abolished
the Rizal Bill) was even dubbed as a communist and an  Manila became the trading hub.
anti-Catholic. The End of the Galleon Trade
 Mango de Manila, Tamarind, Rice,
Carabao (1737)
“The people who would eliminate the books of Rizal  Cockfighting, Chinese tea and
from the schools would blot out from our minds the textiles,
 fireworks display, tuba
 Guava, Avocado, papaya,
pineapple,
horses, and cattle
“Such massacres were at their height in
the 17th century from suspicion, unease,
and fear, until the Spaniards and the
Chinese learned to live with each other in
the next few centuries.”
- Ongpin
THE OPENING OF THE SUEZ CANAL
 Artificial sea-level waterway in
Egypt
 Connects the Mediterranean Sea
to the Red Sea through the
Isthmus of Suez.
 Dramatically reduced the distance
of travel between Europe and
Philippines, and even Singapore.
(32 to 40 days)
 Officially opened on November 17,
1869.
` TOBACCOINDUSTRY (tobacco monopoly).
 Expedited the importation not
only of commercial products
but also books, magazines, and
newspapers with liberal ideas
from America and Europe.
 Ilustrados
RISE OF THE EXPORT OF CROP
ECONOMY
and MONOPOLIES
 Between 1820 and 1870
 New export-crop economy
 Chinese moved to provinces that
produced export crops: hemp-producing
areas (Southeastern Luzon and Eastern
Visayas) and tobacco provinces
(Northeastern Luzon)
 A market structure characterized by a
single seller, selling a unique product in
the market. In a monopoly market, the
seller faces no competition, as he is the
sole seller of goods with no close
substitute.
 Main source of wealth during post-galleon
era. (Opened to foreigners.)
 Opium Monopoly - profitable one.
 1840 (legal) – Spanish Government
 The majority of contracts in the monopoly
where held by the Chinese.
 1850 – more products have been
established.
 March 1, 1782 – Governor General Jose
Basco placed the PHILIPPINE
  Nobody was allowed to keep even a few
tobacco leaves for personal use, thereby
forcing the local farmers to buy tobacco
they themselves planted from the
government.
 Tobacco monopoly abolished – 1882
2. THE SOCIAL BACKGROUND
EDUCATION
 Run by Catholic missionaries.
 King Philip II’s Leyes de Indias
(Laws of Indies) mandated Spanish
authorities in the Philippines to
educate the locals.
 Parochial Schools – first formal
schools.
 Latin – official language of the
Catholic Church.
 Strict discipline (corporal
punishment)
 Colleges were established for boys
and girls. (no separate schools)
 University education was opened
in the country (17th century)
 Mestizos (Spanish blood)
 Sons of wealthy Indio families
 With the opening of Suez Canal,
many locals took advantage of the
chance to pursue higher and better
education, typically in Madrid and
Barcelona. (Ilustrados)
 Propaganda Movement - the first
Filipino nationalist movement.
 Jose Rizal – most prominent.
THE RISE OF CHINESE
MESTIZO
 Any person born of a Chinese
father and an Indio mother
(Definition of Chinese Mestizo)
 Haciendas of sugar, coffee, and
hemp (owned by enterprising
Chinese-Filipino mestizos)
“… the ilustrados who
belonged to the landed
gentry and who were highly
respected in their
respective pueblos or
towns, though regarded as
filibusteros or rebels by the
friars. The relative
prosperity of the period has
enabled them to send their
sons to Spain and Europe
for higher
studies. Most of them later
because members of
freemasonry and active in
the Propaganda
Movement. Some of them
sensed the failure of
reformism and turned to
radicalism, and looked up
to Rizal as their leader. “
- Vallano, n.d.
THE RISE OF INQUILINOS
 Inquilino means “tenant”
 Inquilino System – a qualified system of
tenancy, or the right to use of land in
exchange for rent.
 Kasamas – they are called as the
sharecroppers.
 This system is very profitable that some
inquilinous acquired lands of their own
and entered in other gainful commercial
ventures.
 CONFLICT between estate owners and
workers - collection of excessive taxesand
land rent, and extreme demands for labor
services.
 There were instances of peasants taking
arms to protest the alleged abuses and
usurpation of their lands by the Jesuits,
Dominicans, Augustinians, and the
Recollect.
2.THE POLITICAL LANDSCAPE
LIBERALISM
It is a worldview founded on ideas
of freedom and equality. It includes a
wide range of political philosophies that
consider individual liberty to be
the most significant political goal, and
underscore individual rights and
equality of opportunity.
A liberal is a person who believes
in the political philosophy that considers
individual liberty and equality as very
important political goals.
 French Revolution (1789 – 1799) – started
a political revolution in Europe and
consequently in some other parts of the
globe.
“Having ‘Liberty, Equality, and
Fraternity” – battle cry
 Governor-General Carlos Maria De la
Torre -first liberal governor-general in the
Philippines; most beloved of the Spanish
Governors-General (1869 - 1871)
 He practices liberalism by avoiding luxury
and living a simple life.
 Greatest achievement – peaceful solution
to the and problem in Cavite (center of “BUT this constitution is still influential as
Agrarian unrest in the country) it was a LIBERAL CONSTITUTION
 He promised a decent livelihood and ”
appointed them as members of the police
force with Camerino as captain. “People who cannot locate their
lives in history are unlikely to know how
THE IMPACT OF BOURBON to respond effectively to a world in which
the lives of people around the globe are
REFORMS interconnected and in which one society’s
 Spanish Bourbon King Philip V assented to problems are part of larger global
the throne (1700 – 1746), he and his problems. On the other hand, those who
successors, Ferdinand VI, Charles III, and have the sociological imagination can
Charles IV, advocated a century-long grasp history in the context of realities
effort to REFORM and MODIFY the they face and the connections between
Spanish empire. This policy changes are the two.”
known as the BOURBON REFORMS.
 Became advantageous to the Philippines,
which was under Spain from 1565 to
1898.
Week 3
Rizal’s Life: Rizal’s Family,
THE CADIZ INSTITUTION Childhood, and Early Education
 Promulgated in Cadiz in March 1812
 The first constitution in Europe to deal How well do we know about Rizal?
with sovereignty (means supreme power),
 Jose Protasio Rizal Mercado y Alonso
recognizing sovereignty as coming from
the people and not from the king. Realonda
 June 19, 1861 - born
 The Cádiz Constitution of 1812 aimed at
erasing the diverse bodies of laws and  Calamba, Laguna
differentiated privileges while building a  Well – off family in a Dominican-owned
homogenous community of citizens with tenant land
the same rights and duties. 
 First Delegates from the Philippines –
Pedro Perez de Tagle and Jose Manuel
Coretto.
 The Cadiz Constitution was formally
implemented in Manila.
 Established the principles of universal
male suffrage, national sovereignty,
constitutional monarchy, and freedom of
the press, and advocated land reform
enterprise.
 Governor General Manuel Gonzales
Aguilar called for an election in Manila
officials which resulted in the selection of
Don Ventura de los Reyes (a wealthy
merchant and member of the Royal Corps
of Artillery of Manila), as the deputy.
 DID NOT COME IN FRUITION because King
Fernando VI
 (May 1814) declared it invalid and
restored absolutism.  Nickname: “Pepe”
  He learned the alphabet from his mother
at the age of 3.
He could read and write at age 5.
 Early Readings – Spanish Version of the
Vulgate Bible
 Inclination of arts – pencil drawings,
sketches, and moldings of clay
 Special talent in painting and sculpture
 He also wrote Tagalog play (presented at a
town fiesta) and later penned a short play
in Spanish, which was presented in school.
FATHER (Don Francisco Mercado)
  Francisco Engracio Rizal Mercado
  Productive farmer from Biñan, laguna
  “Free Soul”
  Tiniente gobernadorcillo (Lieutenant
Governor)
  Nickname: “Tiniente Kiko”
 Kikong Matsing of Batibot
 Domingo Lam-co (great grandfather) –
maka-masa Chinese immigrant
businessman (Wife: Ines de la Rosa)
 One of their Two Children: Francisco*
(Wife: Bernarda Monicha)
o  Juan Mercado – gobernardocillo
of Biñan, Laguna
o Cirila Alejandra (Wife of Juan) – 12
children;
o Youngest child – Francisco (Rizal’s
Father)
 May 11, 1818 (born)
 He took Latin and Philosophy at the
College of San Jose in Manila.
 Teodora Alonso (a student in the College
of Santa Rosa)
 June 28, 1848 (Date of Marriage)
 Calamba, Laguna
MOTHER (DoñA TEODORA ALONSO)
 Teodora Alonso Quintos Realonda - “Lolay”
 November 8, 1826 (Born)
 Santa Cruz, Manila o
 Asuncion Rizal-Lopez Bantug
(granddaughter of Jose’s sister
Narcisa) contrarily claims that Lola
Lolay and all her siblings were born in
Calamba, but just lived in Manila.
 Diligent business-minded woman, very graceful but
courageous, well-mannered, religious, and well-read.
 Very dignified, DISLIKE Gossip and vulgar
conversation
 She ran sugar and flour mills
 Small store (home-made ham, sausages, jams,
jellies, etc.)
 Lakandula – last native king of Tondo “Hari ng
Tondo”
 Eugenio Ursua (Japanese descent) – great-
grandfather; Benigna (wife)
 Regina (daughter) Manuel de Quintos
(a Filipino Chinese lawyer of
Pangasinan)
o Brigida (daughter) Lorenzo
Alberto Alonso (a well-off
Spanish-Filipino Mestizo of
Biñan)
o The Lorenzo-Brigida Union
produced 5 children
o 2nd of them was Teodora
Alonso Quintos (Jose Rizal’s
Mother)
 Claveria Decree of 1849 – Alonso’s
adopted the surname Realonda.
(Changed the Filipino native
surnames)
 Teodora Alonso Quintos Realonda
JOSE’S SIBLINGS
 Saturnina Rizal (1850-1913) – eldest
child
 Manuel Hidalgo (husband)
 Paciano Rizal (March 7, 1851) – Rizal’s
only brother; “Nor Paciano” or
“Senior Paciano”
 General of the Philippine Revolution and
elected as secretary of finance in the Department
Government of Central Luzon
 Narcisa Rizal (1852-1939) – 3rd child
 Help financing Rizal’s studies in
Europe
 She could recite from memory
ALMOST ALL of the poems of Rizal
 Olympia Rizal (1855-1887) – 4th child
 Jose loved to teased her, good
humoredly describing her as his
“stout sister”
 Segunda Katigbak (Jose’s first love) –
classmate of Olympia
 Lucia Rizal (1857-1919) – 5 th child
 Mariano Herbosa (husband) – died
during the Cholera epidemic in May
1889 and was refused a Catholic
burial for not going to confession
since his marriage to Lucia
 Charged of inciting the Calamba
townsfolk not to pay land rent and
causing unrest
 Maria Rizal (1859-1945) – 6 th child
 Daniel (husband)
 Jose talked about wanting to
marry Josephine Bracken
 December 12, 1891 – Filipino
colony in North British Borneo;
December 28, 1891- “I’m told that
your children are very pretty”;
Lahing Maganda
 Mauricio, Petrona, Prudencio, Paz,
and Encarnacion
  Mauricio Conception Arguelles
  Ismael Arguelles Cruz(son)
o Father of Gemma Cruz
Araneta – 1 st Filipina to
win the Miss International,
1 st Southeast Asian to win
an international beauty-
pageant
 Concepcion Rizal (1862-1865) – 8th child
 “Concha” and died at the age of 3
THE SURNAME RIZAL
 Young Jose loved most little
Concha
 They played games and shared
children stories with her
 Jose felt the beauty of sisterly love
at a young age
 Josefa Rizal (1865-1945) – 9th child
 “Panggoy”
 She died a spinster (epileptic)
 October 26, 1983 – fascinating
letter; “Miss Josephine Rizal”
 Katipunan – president of women
section
 One of the original 29 women
admitted to the Katipunan
 Safeguarded the papers and
documents of the society
 Trinidad Rizal (1868-1951) – 10th child
 Custodian of Rizal’s last and
greatest poem
o Alcohol Cooking stove (gift
from Pardo de Taveras) o
“There’s something in it”. –
Mi Ultimo Adio
 Soledad Rizal (1870 - 1929) – 11th child
 “Choleng” – youngest child
 Teacher
 June 6, 1890 – Rizal told that she
was proud of Choleng for
becoming a teacher
o “For the one who should
teach should be better than
the persons who need her
learning”.
o o Pantaleon Quintero
(husband) – getting
married without their
parents’ consent
o o “Because of you, the
peace of our family has
been disturbed”.
 Miguel Malvar (taking over the
revolutionary government) –
relative of Manuel (husband of
Saturnina)
 5 children: Trinitario, Amelia,
Luisa, Serafin, and Felix
 Amelia married Bernabe
Malvar (son of Miguel Malvar)
 “Lamco brothers” not Rizal
brother
 Domingo Lamco adopted the name
“Mercado” means market.
 Francisco adopted the name
“Rizal” means ricial (the green of
young growth or green fields)
  Suggested by a provincial
governor
 Paciano – used Mercado when he
was a student; notoriety with this
link to GOMBURZA
 Paciano suggested to Jose – just
use the surname “Rizal” for his
safety
Jose once wrote,
“My family never paid much attention [to
our second surname Rizal], but now I had
to use it, thus giving me the appearance of
an illegitimate child!” (Arriza, 2012)
 Surname Rizal - become well-
known in 1891
As Jose wrote to a friend, “All my family
now carry the name Rizal instead of
Mercado because the name Rizal means
persecution! Good! I too want to join
them and be worthy of this family
name…” (Arriza, 2012)
Rizal’s Birth
Narcissa recalled:
“I was nine years of age when my
mother gave birth to Jose. I recall it vividly
because my mother suffered great pain.
She labored for a long time. Her pain was
later attributed to the fact that Jose’s
head was bigger than normal.” (Lola Lolay,
2013)
 Calamba – derived from “kalan-
banga” which means clay stove
(kalan) and water jar (banga)
 Un Recuerdo A Mi Pueblo (In
Memory of My Town)
o Punctuated by the sights of
the Laguna de Bay, Mount
Makiling, palm-covered
mountains, curvy hills, and
green fields.
 Bahay Na bato (first massive
stone house)
 very birthplace of Rizal
 Rectangular two-
storey building.
 There was an azotea
and a water reservoir
at the back.
The Childhood of a Phenom
Definition of a Phenom
A Phenom is someone who is
exceptionally talented or admired, especially an
up-and-comer.
Key points
 Don Francisco built nipa
cottage for Pepe to play in the
daytime.
 aya (nursemaid)
 Angelus prayer
 Rizal wrote on his memoir,
“When I was 4 yrs old, I lost my
little sister Concha, and then
for the first time, I shed tears
caused by love and grief.”
 At the age of 5 – Pepe learned
to read the Spanish family
bible.
 Catholic priest Leoncio Lopez
– town priest
 At the age of 5 – Pepe started
to make pencil sketches and
mold in clay and wax objects.
 At the age of 6 – “All right
laugh at me now! Someday
when I die, people will make
monuments and images of me.
 At the age of 7 – exciting
experience of riding a “casco” (a
flat-bottomed boat with a roof)
on the way to a pilgrimage in
Antipolo
 Alipato - it is a pony which was
given to young Jose from his
father.
 Usman – black dog of young
Jose
 Before Jose was 8 years old -
he had written a drama
 (Tagalog comedy) which was
performed at a local festival
and the municipal captain from
Paete purchases the
manuscript for 2 pesos.
 Sa aking mga
Kababata/Kabata (To My
Fellow Children) – previously
believed to be Rizal’s first
written poem at the age of 8
and was published
posthumously many years after
Rizal’s death. However, Jose
had a preserved
correspondence (letters) with
Paciano admitting that he had
only encountered the word
“kalayaan” when he was 21
years old
 Books on magic – young Jose
also interested in magic
 Tricks: making a coin
disappear, making a
handkerchief vanish in
thin air
Three Uncles of Jose:
 (1) Tio Jose Alberto – artistic ability
(painting, sketching, and sculpture)
 (2) Tio Manuel – physical exercises
(martial arts, like wrestling)
 (3) Tio Gregorio – avidness read good
books
The Story of Moth
 Lolay held regular
storytelling sessions from
the book Amigo de los Niño
(The Children’s Friend) with
young Jose
 Like a live enactment,
while Jose was listening to
his mother, a moth was
fluttering too near to the
flame of the oil lamp on
their table, it did fall dead
as a consequence.
 Many years later, Rizal
himself felt that the moths’
tale could serve as an
allegory of his own destiny.
 As cited in “My First
Reminiscence”
“Years have passed since then. The child
has become a man … Steamships have
taken him across seas and oceans. He has
received from experience bitter lessons,
much more bitter than the sweet lessons
that his mother gave him. Nevertheless,
he has preserved the heart of a child. He
still thinks that the light is the most
beautiful thing in creation, and that it is
worthwhile for a man to sacrifice his life
for it.”
Education in Calamba
 Doña Teodora – first teacher of
Rizal
 Lolay had a capacity to teach
Spanish, reading, poetry, and
values through rare stody
books.
 On Lolay’s lap, Jose learned the
alphabet and Catholic prayers
at the age of 3, and learned to
read and write at the age of 5.
 Saturnina and three maternal
uncles mentored Jose.
 Maestro Celestino and Maestro
Lucas Padua tutored Jose
 Leon Monroy (former classmate
of Don Francisco) lived at the Rizal
home– tutor of Jose in Spanish
and Latin. Sadly, Monroy died 5
months later.
Education in Biñan
 Private School in Biñan
  1869 – Maestro Justiniano
Aquino Cruz
  The school was in the teacher’s
house, a small nipa house near the
home of Jose’s aunt where he
stayed.
  During Rizal’s first day at the
Biñan school, the teacher asks him:
  Jose challenged Pedro to a fight,
the younger and smaller Jose
defeated his tormenter.
 After the class, he had an arm-
wrestling match with his classmate
Andrew Salandanan. Jose lost and
almost cracked his head on the
sidewalk.
 Rizal beat all Biñan boys
academically. Maestro Cruz later
confirmed that Jose had indeed
finished already all the needed
curricular works. So, despite his
wife’s reluctance, Don Francisco
then decided to send Jose to a
school in Manila.
Week 4
Rizal’s Life: Higher Education and
Life Abroad
Education in Ateneo de Manila
❖ Ateneo Municipal – June 1872
❖ Calle Carballo in the Santa Cruz Area
❖ Two groups in Ateneo – (1) Roman Empire,
comprised of the interns
(boarders); (2) Carthaginian Empire, consisted of
the externs (non-boarders)
❖ Emperor, Tribune, Decurion, Centurion, and
Standard-Bearer
❖ Rizal had become an Emperor and received a
religious picture as a price.
❖ He attained EXCELLENT in all the subjects and
in the examinations.
❖ 2nd year - No. 6 Calle Magallanes. He obtained
medal.
❖ 3rd year – He won prizes in the quarterly
examinations.
❖ At the end of the school year, he garnered 5
medals, with which he said he could somewhat
repay his father for his sacrifices.
❖ March 23, 1877 – received the Bachelor of Arts
degree (sobresaliente or outstanding)
Professors
1. Jose Bech – priest professor and a man with
mood-swings and somewhat of a lunatic and of
an
uneven humor.
2. Francisco de Paula Sanchez – upright, earnest,
and caring teacher whom Rizal considered his
best
professor.
3. Jose Vilaclara
4. Don Augustin Saez – thoughtfully guided him in
drawing and painting
5. Romualdo de Jesus (Filipino) – lovingly
instructed him in sculpture
Education in UST
❖ 1877 – University of Santo Tomas (Philosophy
and Letters)
❖ At the same time, he took at the Ateneo a
vocational course which are landsurveyor and
assessor’s degree (expert surveyor).
❖ 1877 – He finished his surveyor’s training and
passed the licensing examination in
May 1878 through the license was granted to him
only in 1881 when he reached
the age of majority.
❖ After a year in UST, he changed his course and
enrolled in Medicine.
❖ 1882 - He stopped attending classes in UST.
❖ Reason for the completing Medicine – Method
of instruction was obsolete and repressive
❖ 19 subjects in UST – Rizal finished them with
varied grades, ranging from excellent to fair.
Notably, he got EXCELLENT in all his subjects in
the Philosophy course.
Education in Europe
❖ May 3, 1882 – Rizal left for Spain
❖ November 3, 1882 - Enrolled in Medicine and
Philosophy and Letters in Universidad Central de
Madrid
❖ November 1883 – Involved in the Chaotic
student demonstrations (protest rallies) by the
Central University students
❖ Dr. Miguel Morayta – had been
excommunicated by bishops for delivering liberal
speech
❖ June 1884 – Rizal received the degree of
Licentiate in Medicine at the age of 23.
❖ 1884-1885 – Rizal took and completed 3
additional subjects leading to the
Doctor of Medicine degree. But,
‘He was not awarded the Doctor’s
diploma though failing to pay the fee and the
required thesis.’
❑ On his 24th birthday – awarded him the
Licentiate in Philosophy and Letters
(Madrid University) with the grade
‘sobresaliente’
❑ University of Paris – Rizal attended medical
lectures wanting to cue his
mother’s blindness.
❑ Nov. 1885 – Feb. 1886 – he worked as an
assistant to Dr. Louis de Weckert (French
optalmologist)
❑ February 3, 1886 – he arrived in Heidelberg,
Germany. He
attended the lectures of Dr. Otto Becker and Prof.
Wilhelm
Kuehne at University of Heidelberg.
✓ Worked at University of Eye Hospital
✓ Ophthalmoscope (invented by Hermann von
Helmholtz)
✓ 25-year old Rizal completed his
specialization
✓ After 3 months in the nearby village,
Wilhelmsfeld – He wrote the last few chapters of
Noli Me Tangere.
✓ He stayed at the house of Dr. Karl Ullmer.
❑ August 1886 – lectures on history and
psychology at the University of Leipzig.
❑ November 1886 (Berlin) – worked as an
assistant of Dr. Schweigger’s clinic and
attended lectures at the University of Berlin.
✓ Ethnological, Anthropological, Geographical
Society
✓ April 1887 – delivered an address in German on
the orthography and structure of Tagalog
language
❑Friends of Rizal in Germany:
1. Prof. Friedrich Ratzel (historian)
2. Dr. Hanz Meyer (anthropologist)
3. Dr. Feodor Jagor (author of Travels in the
Philippines)
4. Dr. Rudolf Virchow (anthropologist)
5. Dr. Hans Virchow (Descriptive Anatomy)
of
Life in Europe
❑ Djemnah – steamship
❑ September 16, 1882 – he met Consuelo Ortiga
y Rey
“Grabe si Rizal, may Consuelo agad!”
Who is Consuelo Ortiga y Rey?
 Daughter of Don Pablo Ortiga y Rey
 “Crush ng Bayan”
❑ November 3, 1882 – enrolled in Medicine and
Philosophy and Letters at
the Universidad Central de Madrid
❑ June 1884 – attended dinner party held in
honor of Juan Luna and Felix Resurreccion
Hidalgo and delivered a very daring liberal speech
eye “Hayop man, ‘pag
nagugutom, tumatapang!”
“Rizal’s Brindis Speech”
 SPOLARIUM
 LAS VIRGENES CRISTIANAS EXPUESTAS AL
POPULACHOOR THE CHRISTIAN VIRGINS
EXPOSED TO THE POPULACE
❑ November 1885 – February 1886 – he went to ❑ (8) Stuttgart, Baden and Rheinfall – they saw
Paris, France and worked as an assistant of Dr. Europe’s most beautiful waterfall
Louis de Weckert.
❑ rizal’s 15-day stay in Geneva - exhibition of
❑ Long-distance friendship between Rizal and some Igorots in Madrid, side by side
Ferdinand Blumentritt (greatest foreign friend of
some animals and plants.
Rizal) o Rizal wrote a letter in German and sent it
with a bilingual (Spanish and Tagalog) book ❑ June 19, 1887 – Rizal treated Viola
Aritmiteca
❑ They parted ways four days after June 19.
❑ Dr. Adoplh B. Meyer – Director of the
Anthropological and Ethnological Museum “Naggala talaga ang lolo mo!”
❑February 21, 1887 – In Berlin, he finished his
first novel
First Homecoming
“Noli Me TaNgere”
❑ July 3, 1887 – From French port, he boarded
(Latin for Touch Me Not) the steamer “Djemnah”

❑ July 30, 1887 – he reached Saigon, Vietnam

Grand Europe Tour
❑ Maximo Viola – loaned Rizal some printing of
the Noli
✓ With the help of his brother Paciano, Rizal had
paid Viola and decided to further explore some
places in Europe (first is Potsdam, Germany)
and took the steamer “Haiphong”
❑ August 5, 1887 (near midnight) – he reached
Manila
❑ August 8, 1887 – he returned to Calamba
❑ “German Doctor” or “Doctor Uliman”

❑ May 11, 1887 – they left Berlin for (1) Dresden ❑ Governor-General Emilio Terrero
(German Florence) and witnessed the regional
❑ Don Jose Taviel de Andrade – bodyguard of
floral exposition.
Rizal
❑ Leitmeritz, Bohemia – Maximo and Rizal visited
❑ December 1887 – Calamba folks asked Rizal’s
Blumentritt
assistance in collecting information
❑ May 16, 1887 – they left Leitmeritz for (2) as regards Dominican hacienda management.
Prague (capital and largest city of the Czech
Republic) and they saw the tomb of Copernicus ❑ Friars pressured the Governor-General to
‘advice’ the author of the Noli to LEAVE THE
❑ They stopped at (3) Brunn
COUNTRY.
❑ In (4) Vienna – they met Austrian novelist “Napuno na talaga sa
Norfenfals in Vienna and Rizal was interviewed by
Mr. Alder (a correspondent of the newspaper kaniya ang mga pari!”
“Extra Blatt”)

Danube River
❑ (5) Salzburg

❑ (6) Nuremburg – they saw the infamous

torture machines used in the so-called Catholic
inquisition.
❑ (7) Ulm – climbed Germany’s tallest cathedral
Week 4
Rizal’s Life: Higher Education and
Life Abroad Second Travel Abroad
1. IN HONGKONG AND JAPAN
 February 3, 1888 – sailed to Hong Kong
onboard “Zafiro”
 He stayed at Victoria Hotel
 Visited Macao for 2 days along with Jose
Maria Basa
 February 28, 1888 – he reached
Yokohama, Japan and proceeded to
Tokyo the next day
 March 1888 – he heard a Tokyo band
 Seiko Usui (O-Sei-San)
 23-year-old
 Rizal’s tour guide and sweetheart in Japan
2. SAIL TO THE WEST
 April 13, 1888 - Rizal boarded the “Belgic”
 He befriended Tetcho Suehiro (Japanese
novelist and human rights fighter)
 April 28 – the ship arrived in San
Francisco
 May 6, 1888 – Rizal went to Oakland and
boarded a train.
 He took his evening meal in Sacramento
and woke up in Reno, Nevada
 May 13, 1888 – he reached New York
 Bedloe Island – he had seen the Statue of
Liberty
 He observed that there was a racial
inequality in the land
 May 16, 1888 – Rizal sailed for Liverpool
onboard the ship “City of Rome” (arrived
there on May 24.)
3. IN GREAT BRITAIN, PARIS, AND
SPAIN
 He reached London and stayed briefly at
Dr. Antonio Ma. Regidor’s house
 Beckett Residence – lovingly served by
Gertrude (daughter of his landlord).
 Gertrude
 Call sign? Syempre, meron! Gettie Pettie
 June 1888 – Rizal made friends with
Dr. Reinfold Rost and his family.
 Rost family – they had a Filipiniana
library inside their house
 Rost describe Rizal as “a pearl of a
man” (una perla de hombre)
 Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas –
he manually copied and annotated; it
is a rare book in British Museum
“Asociacion La Solidaridad”
 President of Patriotic Society – Asociacion La
Solidaridad (Solidaridad Association)
 Marcelo H. del Pilar – one of the renowned
members of Propaganda Movement
 Graciano Lopez Jaena – publisher of La
Solidaridad
 Mariano Ponce
 Propaganda Movement
 founded 1872 by Filipinos who had
settled in Europe
 La Solidaridad – “principal publication”
 Aimed to bring to Spain’s attention the real
needs of its colony, Philippines.
Rizal, Del Pilar, Jaena
“Triumvirate of the Propaganda Movement”
Propaganda specifically advocated:
a. The recognition of the Philippines as a province
of Spain and its representation in the Spanish
parliament (Cortes Generales);
b. The secularization of the Philippine parishes
and clergy;
c. The equality between the Spanish and Filipino,
especially in entering government service;
d. The establishment of government-funded
schools not run by the friars;
e. The abolition of the “polo” (forced labor) and
“vandala” (forced sale of local products to the
government); and
f. The recognition of human rights and freedom
especially the freedoms of speech and
association.
Propaganda Movement – branded as
“ASSIMILATIONIST”.
“Assimilation is the process whereby individuals
or groups of differing ethnic heritage are
absorbed into the dominant culture of a society.”
Assimilationist – refers to the advocacy to
have the Philippines be treated as one of Spain’s 6. IN MADRID
provinces.
 August 1890 – he traveled to Madrid along with
4. IN FRANCE his lawyer Marcelo H. del Pilar.
 March 1889 – he went to Paris  Edilberto Evangelista (Filipino student) – he
 Valentin Ventura counseled to Evangelista to take engineering in
Belgium and thus enrolled in University of Ghent.
 Jose Albert (student from Manila)
 Sadly, he heard that his family was forced to
 Bibliotheque Nationale – his working on the leave their land in Calamba.
Sucesos
 He dared a duel Wenceslao Retana (anti-Filipino
He spent his hours in the houses of friends newspaper La Epoca) – wrote that Rizal’s family
like Juan Luna and his wife Paz Pardo de was not paying its land rent.
Tavera
 Wenceslao Retana – “Rizal’s eventual first non-
 He witnessed the Universal Exposition of filipino biographer”
Paris, having as its greatest attraction the
Eiffel Tower.  Rizal heard the news of Leonor Rivera’s
marriage to the Englishman

 Kidlat Club – temporary social club which Henry Kipping who was the choice of Leonor’s
brought together Filipinos witnessing mother.
exposition  Del Pilar-Rizal rivalry for leadership in the
 Indios Bravos – an association which Asociacion Hispano Filipino
envisioned Filipinos being recognized for their (Rizalistas vs Pilaristas)
admirable skills in many fields.
 Rizal decided to leave Madrid
 Redencion de los Malayos (Redemption of
the Malays) – aimed to propagate useful
knowledge.
 In Paris, he also finished and published his
annotation of the Sucesos.
5. IN FRANCE
 January 28, 1890 – Rizal left Paris for Brussels
with Jose Albert
 Boarding house administered by Jacoby sisters
(Suzanne and Marie)
 Suzanne* Jacoby (“Petite”) – the niece of his
landladies and Jose Rizal’s Fling
 He busied himself with writing El Fili and
contributing for La Solidaridad using the pen
names: