CHAPTER II

REVIEWS OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter includes the ideas, finished thesis, generalization or conclusions, methodologies
and others. Those that were included in this chapter helps in familiarizing information that is
relevant and similar to the present study.

Review of Related Studies

Foreign

Social media has now become a very crucial part of the student's personal and
academic life. Their academic performance must be managed well keeping in view all
the factors that can positively or negatively affect their academic achievement. The
students who are using social media need to be monitored about their usage of these
websites. From the findings of Kouser(2020), there was a positive significant relationship
between addictiveness to social media and academic achievement of students in the
University of Punjab, Bathinda. The findings revealed that social media helps the
students perform better in academics by the use of educational sites and study material
found on the internet. There was also a significant difference in the usage of social
media between male and female students wherein the usage of social media among
male is higher than female.

The universal use of social media and it's potential to block academic performance has
received the attention of both the researchers and educators. The phenomenological
research explored the comprehend impact of social media on the educational
experience of the students. Analysis of semi- structured interviews revealed several
pervasive themes, which can be all viewed as hindrance to academic success of the
students. Participants reported social media diminishes achievement, increases the
amount of time it takes to complete the task. (Chu, 2019)

Findings have revealed that social media sites, sharpens student reading skills and
improves their general knowledge in a particular topic barriers on group discussion
online. However, misuse of social media leads to unhealthy addictions and academic
barriers. This study finds that students who engage in social- media based activities do
better academically than those who didn't. However, social media are oftentimes used as
entertainment by the students which can be of great help to improve students awareness
and overall knowledge. (Matikiti, 2016)

Facebook is one of the social networking sites that is used for connecting and sharing
with other people which was originally designed for college students. Research findings
revealed that Facebook is the most used social media platform by the students. Students
had positive views toward Facebook.They used this in engaging with other students for
their assignments, school projects, and other school works. (Koch, 2015)
 From the study of Oguguo et al.(2020), students spend an average of 2-4 hours daily on
social media. This study recommends that students must be guided properly and
informed on the vulnerabilities likely to come in their way if they fail to appropriately
utilize the opportunities that come with having social media platforms.

Local
In the new learning system, students learn and study by using a medium which they use
by browsing different social media platforms. From the findings of Jacinto, et al., (2021),
the effects of social media platforms on the academic performance of senior high school
students were neutral and the status of the students was shown as "outstanding".
Moreover, social media do not have a significant effect on the academic performance of
the students. It could either be beneficial or harmful to the students depending on how
they managed to use it. That's why it's crucial to teach students the importance of time
management and balancing school work and other things.

Social media can possibly affect the academic performance of the students. Social
networking sites can either bring good effects to the students, but the students do not
know it can bring bad effects especially to their academic performance. From the study
of Cabral et. al (2016), revealed that Facebook on cellphone thru wifi connection is the
common access, saving a lot of time because of easy access and transfer of data due to
collaboration with others using social networking sites were the observed effects of
social media to academic performance however, academic performance is not affected
by the respondents profile. This study recommends that the school may strictly monitor
the implementation of the prohibition for cellphone usage during classroom discussion.
The parents may take control regarding their children's use of social networking sites to
prevent the abuse of using it.

Social media has become prevalent and nearly inevitable, changing the way students
interact, connect and socialize. It has become an integral part of the social and cultural
aspect. From the study of Tus, et. al.(2021), the study concluded that social media
usage has a positive effect on students' academic performance. Social media may be
used for practical things such as learning. Students use devices like mobile phones,
tablets, phones and other gadgets to get relief from the stress in schools and it can also
be used as a tool in talking about academic rightmatters.

Findings revealed that females are more exposed to social media rather than males. The
use of social media by females has to do with their desire to communicate or share more
personal information, revealing more about their personal lives. They use social
networking sites to make connections and stay in touch with their family or friends. They
spend a long time chatting with friends rather than doing their homeworks. (Abrenica, et.
al, 2021)
 There is a significant positive correlation in the extent of dealing with social media in
relation to age, sex, ethnicity, and parent's educational attainment. The study conducted
by De Guzman, revealed that the majority of the respondents are not fully oriented in
the maximum benefits of using social media in education and learning. Majority of the
respondents are moderately aware of their ethical level in dealing with issues and trends
which has an impact on their academic performance and their use of social media. The
study recommends conducting seminars on the maximization of Information and
Communication Technology (ICT) and social media utilization in the field of education
and research to further improve academic performance of the students.

Conceptual Framework

INPUT PROCESS OUTOUT

Demographic Profile in terms Analyzing Data Gathered Effects of social media

of: platforms on the scholastic
● Age achievement of grade 12
● Gender students at Amando Cope
College.

Conceptual Paradigm Figure 1.0

The researchers aim to determine the effects of social media platforms on the scholastic
achievement of grade 12 students at Amando Cope College. Figure 1 shows the plan of the
researchers in achieving their goal in achieving their goal in this study. They will be getting the
demographic profile (age and gender) of selected students of the said school. Researchers will
make questionnaires and conduct survey to help in knowing the effects of social media
platforms in their scholastic achievement.

In conducting this study and collecting data, the researchers will provide questionnaires to be
distributed to the respondents. The researchers will then review the collected data to identify the
effects of social media platforms on the scholastic achievement of grade 12 students at Amando
Cope College.
Theoretical Framework

The study is anchored on the theory of Vygotsky's mediation theory (Fernyhough,

2008) as it can be seen as an important theoretical framework for supporting social media for
students' emotional states. Based on this theory, social media can act as an intermediary
between learners and the real world. Students' understanding of this environment was
moderated by social media imagery. This image may or may not be true. In the first case,
students can develop their self-image and self-esteem. In the latter case, students may develop
unrealistic expectations of themselves by comparing themselves to others. As discussed below,
emotional variables that increased or decreased in college students due to excessive social
media use included anxiety, stress, depression, anxiety, worry, and self-esteem. These effects
have been studied more in school students aged 13-18 than in college students (aged 18 and
over), although some studies have also looked at college students.

Synthesis of the state of the art

Gap Bridge by the study

The effects of social media on grade 12 students' scholastic achievement at Amando Cope
College is not directly addressed in the provided search results. However, there are several
studies that examine the relationship between social media and academic achievement. One
study found that social media has a positive effect on the academic achievement of
post-graduate students because the educational sites and study material on the internet helped
the students to perform

. Another study showed that the use of social media by higher educational institutions positively
impacts the educational process by promoting learning, communication, and collaboration
among students

. However, excessive use of social media can lead to negative consequences such as
hyperactivity, attention deficit, depression, and addiction, which can compromise a student's
academic success

. Therefore, it is important for students to use social media in moderation and to prioritize their
academic pursuits.

End note

Abrenica, Jurena Sanchez, De Torres, Marife, Vargas, Danilo S., Effects of Social Media on
Academic Performance of High School Students Under Pandemic (COVID 19 Situations)

Cabral, Ace Albert P., Gonda, Jairona V., Suayan, Jomari Q., Manalo, Ramil Jr., Mendoza, Van
Allen M., Escabel, Ederlina B., Effects of Social Media to Academic Performance. College of
Criminology Research Journal, Vol. 7, 2016
Chu, S.-C. C.-T. (Nov/Dec 2019). Impact of consumers' corporate social responsibility‐ related
activities in social media on brand attitude, electronic word‐ of‐ mouth intention, and purchase
intention: A study of Chinese consumer behavior. Journal of Consumer Behavior, Vol. 18 Issue
6, p453-462. 10p.

De Guzman, Cesar F. Students use of Social Media: Its relationship to Academic Performance
and Technology Ethics Decisions.

Jacinto, Michael Andrei P., Molina, Kyle Simuone S.J., Jungco, Joshua S. Cardaño, Angelica B.,
Berboso, Jasper A., Vargas, Azalea Jesika V., Bautista, John Patrick P., Espinosa, Rick
Gabrielle V., Francisco, Christopher D.C. Social Media Platform and it's impact on the academic
performance on Senior High School in the New Normal. International Journal of Academic
Multidisciplinary Research (IJAMR) ISSN: 2643-9670 Vol. 5 Issue 1, January - 2021, Pages:
30-34 www.ijeais.org/ijamr

Koch, S. D. (Jan-Mar 2015). Does Successful Social Media Marketing Affect Brand Value?
Journal of Electronic Commerce in Organizations, Vol. 13 Issue 1, p15-26. 12p

Kouser, Shazia (Aug 2020). Influence of Social Media on Academic Achievement of Students at
the Central University of Punjab. Research and Reflections on Education v18 n02B p2-6

Matikiti, R. K. (Aug. 2, 2016). The Usage of Social Media as a Marketing Tool in Two Southern
African Countries. Development of Southern Africa, Vol. 33 Issue 5 p740-755.

Oguguo, Basil CE., Ajuonoma, Juliet O., Azubuike, Roseline, Ene, Catherine U., Atta, Florence
O., Oko, Chidimma J. Influence of Social Media on Students' Academic Achievement.
International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE)
Vol. 9, No. 4, December 2020, pp. 1000~1009
ISSN: 2252-8822, DOI: 10.11591/ijere.v9i4.206381000 Journal homepage:
http://ijere.iaescore.com

Tus, Jhoselle. The Social Media Usage and its Impact on the Filipino Learners' Academic
Performance Amidst the Online Education. International Journal of Psychology and Counseling.
ISSN 2278-5833 Volume 11, Number 3 (2021), pp. 98-112 © Research India Publications
http://www.ripublication.com