Ghalandari (2012) investigated the effects of performance expectancy, effort expectancy,

social influence and facilitating conditions of acceptance of e-banking services in Iran by

considering the role of age and gender. A standard questionnaire develops by Al-Awadhi
and Morris was used to evaluate constructs of performance expectancy, effort
expectancy, social influence, facilitating conditions and behavioral intentions. Research
questionnaires consists of 2 sections i.e. demographic questions and main questions
totally including 37 items. Totally, 350 questionnaires were distributed to customers of
Bank Melli, that 310 questionnaires were used for the final analysis. Content validity was
used to determine validity of questionnaires. Reliability questionnaires were calculated
by SPSS software and Cronbach was obtained as 93.2 percent.

The result from the analysis of them based on simple linear regression show that all of
four variables i.e. performance expectancy, effort expectancy. Social influence and
facilitating conditions had positive and significant effects on user behavior and intentions
to used e-banking services, extensive, attractive and insightful activities should be done
to raise users’ awareness of these advantages and e-banking services should be design in
a way that users face no problems while using them. Also with respect to positive and
significant effects of facilitating conditions in using e-banking services, it is
recommended that infrastructure e.g. computers and high-speed affordable internet
required in this field is provide to all social classes.

Bada and Karupiah (2014) conducted study on the use of automated teller machine
(ATM) services in Sokoto State, Nigeria. It is found that ATM uses depends on the level
of trust they have towards its operating nature. Therefore, the study adopted the factors
such as attitude towards behavior, intention behavior, actual usages, prescribed ease of
use and usefulness from technology acceptance model (TAM) to assess their influence on
customers’ trust in the use of ATM services. The study used cross-sectional research
design by collecting data at a particular period of time. Purposive sampling technique was
used to select both groups of bank under study. A questionnaire was developed with two
sections to set the objective of the study. Five points Lokert scale was to measure the
responses on the selected independent variables. SPSS version 21.0 was used to compute
and analysis data. The statistical test used in the analysis of the data includes descriptive
statistics and correlation analysis. Correlation analysis was conducted on 300 customers
of some selected banks in Sokoto State, Negeria. The result shows that attitude towards
behavior intentions behavior, actual usages, perceived ease of use and usefulness has a
significant and positive relationship with customers’ trust in the use of ATM services.

Ajisegiri and Oyebisi (2014) investigated the factors influencing the deployment and
adopting of electronic payment services in Nigeria. The population of this study is all
individuals over 18 years old who live in Southwestern Nigeria and have bank accounts
in one or more local or foreign banks located in Nigeria. A sample size of 300 individuals
was then selected to give answers to the survey questions. Primary data for the study
were elicited from experienced bank staff, merchants as well as customers of the banks
and various business outlets on factors of influence such as infrastructural support
facilities, efficiency of usage, supporting industries e-readiness, perceived credibility,
effort expectance, perceived self-efficacy and cost of the technology among others in line
with the UTAUT Model. The results showed that infrastructural supports effort
expectance and perceived credibility have significant effects on e-payment deployment
and adoption. However, perceived self-efficacy and financial cost have the least effect on
the deployment of the technology. The sampling frame consisted of all organizations and
switching companies involved in the deployment and adoption of the technology across
the country.
Respondents include experienced bank staff, bank customers, and merchants including
their customers in various business outlets in Southwestern Nigeria. The questionnaire
was administered to a convenience sample from the four states purposely selected for the
study. The usable questionnaire was analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics.
The descriptive statistics include frequency. Percentages and cross tabulation. The tests
for the inferential statistics used in this study include weighted mean, log it regression,
component factor analysis, Duncan multiple range and analysis of variance. SPSS and
the statistical analytical software (SAS) were used to analyze the usable raw data
collected from the field.

Dehbini, Birjandi, and Birjandi (2015) aimed to analyze the factors affecting the win
table adoption of electronic payment cards in urban micro-payments. This research is
based on six hypotheses, analyzing the relationship between the adoption of electronic
payments cards and some factors such as satisfaction, compulsion, ease of use,
usefulness, norms and network externality. Data analysis has been done by the SPSS
software. In this research, researcher has used non-probability random sampling, the
means of this research was the questionnaire, after interviewing with the citizens factors
affected the adoption of electronic payment cards in urban micro payments were
explained. The questionnaire included close-ended questions based on Liken scale with 5
sets of 28 questions. The reliability and validity of the questionnaire showed that the
questionnaire has acceptable reliability and validity. From 450 questionnaires, 421 of
them were returned back to the researcher. Data analysis has been done on two levels of
descriptive and inferential analysis. The participants were shine who were over eighteen
years old and who use this card in their payments. The results of this research revealed
that all of these 6 factors on the acceptance of electronic payment cards in urban micro-
payments are a significant on the citizens payments.

Galadanci and Abdulwahab (2016) conducted research in an attempt to validate a

modified UTAUT model for these types of voluntary IT platform provided by ATM
services. Three hundred and ninety two (392) valid questionnaires were retrieved from
undergraduate students of the Department of Computer Science, Bayero University Kano
(BUK) to test for the research model. In order to evaluate the model internal consistency,
convergence and discernments validity, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is run on the
measurement model and the values of Average Variance Extracted (AVE), Composite
Reliability, and Cronbach's Alpha are found to be satisfactory. The data collected is
analyzed using structural equation modeling techniques. This study which tried to
validate the UTAUT model for ATM systems used by undergraduate students in a
university environment found that two major constructs of the model: performance
expectancy (PE) and effort expectancy (EE) are not satisfied while the remaining two
constructs: behavioral intention and facilitating conditions are confirmed. Two major
constructs of the model which are found to be non-significant suggesting that there are a
number of platform of IT that may neither fit into the UTAUT nor UTAUT2 models
because of their special characteristics.

Junadi, Sfenrianto, and Saragih (2017) investigated on the factors influencing consumer's
intention to use e-payment system in Indonesia. The research model was developed by
extending the unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT) with culture
and perceived security into the model, in order to determine the significance factors that
influence acceptance of e-payment technology. There are two external variables added to
UTAUT model. The external variables are culture and perceived security. Culture will be
used to explain more details about consumers' habits while perceived security will
explain how secure e-payment system that consumers feel accordance with the conditions
of Indonesian society. The objective of this research is to identify the factors that
encourage consumers' intention to use the electronic payment system for e-commerce
transaction in Indonesia. Factors influencing consumer's intention to use e-payment,
namely culture, perceived security, performance expectancy, effort expectancy and social
influence were wed In conducting this study, the data is obtained from 110 respondents
who used electronic transactions using e-payment. Meanwhile, the data collected was
analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). From the analysis, it is known that
all these factors significantly influence the value of the use of e-payment. The sequence is
based on a significant level of the greatest to the smallest are effort culture, social
influence, performance expectancy, and perceived security.

Kissi, Oluwatobiloba, and Berko (2017) conducted research on the factors Affecting
University students' behavioral intentions to use debit card services. The study introduced
trust of online transaction and bank as factors that could affect the students' behavioral
intention to use a debit card. The variables used are performance expectancy, effort
expectancy, social influence, and facilitating condition. For the betterment of the context
of the study, some variables such as gender, age, experience, voluntariness, and usage
behavior were included. The multiple linear regression results revealed that social
influence, the trust of online transaction and performance expectancy exert significant
influences on students' behavioral intention to use a debit card. However, there is
insignificant influence of effort expectation and facilitating condition. Performance
expectation and social influence positively contribute to students' usage of the debit card.
The study was carried on the students from the University of Lagos in Nigeria. Data were
purposively selected from 400 students in the Faculty of Business Administration using a
survey questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed using ANOVA and regression
analysis. The research used SPSS version 24 to perform multiple linear regression.
Descriptive and casual comparative research designs were used.
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Ajisegiri, B. K., & Oyebisi, T. O. (2014). Adoption of E-Payment Platforms in Nigeria:

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influence and facilitating conditions on acceptance of e-banking services in Iran: The
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