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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(Autonomous)
(ISO/IEC - 27001 - 2013 Certified)
SUMMER – 2023 EXAMINATION
Model Answer – Only for the Use of RAC Assessors
Subject Name: Applied Mechanics Subject Code: 22203
Important Instructions to Examiners:

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1) The answers should be examined by key words and not as word-to-word as given in the model answer
scheme.
2) The model answer and the answer written by candidate may vary but the examiner may try to assess the
understanding level of the candidate.
3) The language errors such as grammatical, spelling errors should not be given more Importance (Not
applicable for subject English and Communication Skills.
4) While assessing figures, examiner may give credit for principal components indicated in the figure. The
figures drawn by candidate and model answer may vary. The examiner may give credit for any equivalent
figure drawn.
5) Credits may be given step wise for numerical problems. In some cases, the assumed constant values may
vary and there may be some difference in the candidate’s answers and model answer.
6) In case of some questions credit may be given by judgment on part of examiner of relevant answer based on
candidate’s understanding.
7) For programming language papers, credit may be given to any other program based on equivalent concept.
8) As per the policy decision of Maharashtra State Government, teaching in English/Marathi and Bilingual
(English + Marathi) medium is introduced at first year of AICTE diploma Programme from academic year
2021-2022. Hence if the students write answers in Marathi or bilingual language (English +Marathi), the
Examiner shall consider the same and assess the answer based on matching of concepts with model answer.
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Model Answer Marks
No. Que. Marks
Q. 1 Attempt any FIVE of the following: (10)
a) Write classification of force system.
Ans. Classification of force system:

A. Coplanar force system:
1. Coplanar Collinear force system. 1
2. Coplanar Concurrent force system.
3. Coplanar Non-concurrent force system.
4. Coplanar Parallel force system. 2
B. Non-coplanar force system:
1. Non-coplanar Collinear force system. 1
2. Non-coplanar Concurrent force system.
3. Non-coplanar Non-concurrent force system.
4. Non-coplanar Parallel force system.
b) Define load lost in friction.
Ans. Load lost in friction (Pf): The numerical difference between actual
effort applied (P) and ideal effort (Pi) of machine, is called as load 2 2
lost in friction.
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Q. 1 c) Define beam and state types of beam.
Ans. Beam: The horizontal structural element of building resting on

supports, which takes the transverse vertical loading on it; is called 1
as beam.
2
Types of beam:
1. Simply Supported Beam (SSB)
2. Cantilever Beam (CLB) 1
3. Overhanging Beam (OHB)
4. Continuous Beam (CNB)
5. Fixed Beam (FB)
d) Define equilibrant.
Ans. Equilibrant: The force of same in magnitude and opposite in 2 2

direction to that of resultant, which tend to bring the body in
equilibrium is known as equilibrant.
e) Define coefficient of friction.
Ans. Coefficient of friction: The ratio of limiting friction (F) to the 2 2

normal reaction (R) at the contact surface is called as coefficient of
friction.
f) Define centroid and centre of gravity.
Ans. Centroid: The point on plane figure, where whole area is supposed 1
to be concentrated, is called as centroid. 2
Centre of gravity: The point on solid body, where whole volume or

weight is supposed to be concentrated, is called as centre of gravity. 1
g) State Lami’s theorem.
Ans. Lami’s theorem: When three concurrent forces acting on body are in 2 2
equilibrium, then each force is directly proportional to sine of angle
between other two forces.
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Q. 2 Attempt any THREE of the following: (12)
a) Define force and state the characteristics of a force.

1
Ans. Force: The external agency acting on body which tend to change the
original position of body (rest or motion), is called as force.
4
Characteristics of a force: 1
1. A force has magnitude showing its quantity. each
2. A force has direction in which it is acting. (any
3. A force has specific point of application on which it is acting. three)
4. A force has nature i.e. push (acting towards point) or pull (acting
away from point).
b) In a machine load of 500 N was lifted by an effort 50 N. Another

load of 750 N was lifted by an effort 60 N. Obtain law of
machine.
Ans. Given: W1 =500 N, P1 =50 N, W2 =750 N, P2 =60 N,
Find: Law of Machine =?
Solution: Using eqation, P = mW+C

In above equation putting given values of load and effort, 1
50 = (m  500) +C ----(Equ.1)
60 = (m  750) +C ----(Equ. 2)
Solving equation (1) and (2), 1
m = 0.04
4
Putting value of m in equation (1)

50 = m (500) +C 1
50 = 0.04×(500) +C
C = 30 N
1
 Law of machine is P = (0.04) W +30 N
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Q. 2 c) Explain law of machine. State its use.
Ans. Law of machine: The graphical representation of the relation 1

between load lifted by machine to effort applied to machine given by
P = mW + C.
Explanation: For a certain machine, various observations of effort

applied are taken by applying various loads in increasing order. Then
the graph of effort applied (P) versus load lifted (W) is plotted. The
straight line joining maximum points is drawn which intersects Y- 1
axis as Y-intercept i.e. C. Then the angle made by straight line with
horizontal is calculated as slope of line i.e. m = ((y2- y1)/ (x2- x1));
where x1, x2 and y1, y2 are the coordinates of any two points on
straight line drawn. Thus law of machine can be written as P=mW+C.
Use of law of machine: 4

1. The law of machine is useful to find the effort required to apply
for given load to be lifted.
2. The law of machine is also useful to find the load that can be
lifted by machine with given effort.
3. The law of machine helps to regulate the working and
functioning by maintaining suitable combination of load and 1
effort. each
4. Law of machine helps to minimize frictional losses and hence (any
the wear and tear of machine parts to obtain maximum two)
efficiency of machine.
d) State four laws of static friction.
Ans. Laws of static friction:

1. The frictional force is always acts tangential to the plane of
contact and in the opposite direction of motion.
2. When the body is in limiting equilibrium, the ratio of limiting
friction to normal reaction is constant. This ratio is called as 1
‘coefficient of friction’. each 4
3. The coefficient of friction depends upon the nature of surfaces in (any
contact and is not dependent on surface areas in contact. four)
4. The static friction is more than dynamic friction.
5. Force of friction is a self-adjusting force and it increases as the
applied force increases up to limiting friction.
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a) State law of parallelogram of forces with sketch and state its

limitations.
Ans. Law of parallelogram of forces: If two concurrent pull type forces 1

are acting along sides of parallelogram represented in magnitude and
direction, then the force along the diagonal represents the resultant
force of those two forces in magnitude and direction.
Sketch of Law of parallelogram of forces:
Limitations of law of parallelogram of forces: 1

1. This law is applicable for two forces only. each
2. Both forces should be concurrent in nature. (any
3. This law is applicable to forces of pull type only. two)
4. This law is not applicable to non-concurrent and parallel forces.
5. This law is not valid when the angle between forces is not known.
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Q. 3 b) Two forces of magnitude 100 N pull and 80 N push are acting at
a point making an angle of 1350 between them. Find the resultant
in magnitude and direction.
Ans.
Given: P=100 N (pull), Q=80 N (push), θ=450
Find: Magnitude of resultant, R=?, Direction of resultant, α=?
Solution: Using Law of parallelogram of forces, magnitude of resultant is given by,

R = P 2 +Q 2 +2 P  Q  cosθ
R = 1002 +802 +2 100  80  cos450 1
R = 166.474 N
1
Let, α be the inclination of R with P
 Q.sinθ  4
α = tan -1   1
 P+Q.cosθ 
 80  sin450 
α = tan -1  0
100+80  cos45 
α = 19.8640 with P force
1
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Q. 3 c) In a differential axle and wheel, the diameter of the wheel is 40
cm and diameters of axle are 10 cm and 8 cm. If an effort of 50 N
can lift a load of 1500 N. Find the efficiency of the machine and
effort lost in friction.
Ans. Given: Diameter of wheel D=40 cm, Diameter of axles d1  10cm, d 2  8cm
P=50 N, W=1500 N
Find: Efficiency, η=?, Effort lost in friction, Pf  ?
Solution: VR of Differential Axle & Wheel is given by -

2×D 2×40
VR= =
d1 -d 2 10 - 8
1
VR = 40
W 1500
MA= =
P 50
MA= 30 1
4
MA 30
η= ×100 = ×100
VR 40
η = 75 % 1
W 1500
Pf  P  Pi  P   50   12.5 N
VR 40 1
Pf  12.5 N
d) Certain machine has a law of machine p = (0.025 w + 20) N with

VR = 60, calculate its efficiency at a load of 1 kN.
Ans.
Given: Law of machine, P = (0.025 W+20)N, VR=60, Load, W=1 KN=1000 N
Find: Efficiency η=?
Solution: Effort requried to lift 1000 N load 1

P = (0.025 1000+20)N
P = 45 N 1
4
MA (W/P) (1000/45) 1
η= 100  100  100
VR VR 60
η = 37.04 % 1
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a) Find the algebraic sum of moments of all forces as shown in Fig.

No. 1. about the point ‘C’ consider AB = BC = AC = 2m.
Ans.
Figure No. 1
Given: Figure No. 1 as shown above
Find: Algebraic sum of moments of all forces about point C=?
Solution: Applying equilibrium condition 1

M C =0 (Clockwise +ve, Anticlockwise -ve)
M C = (1×0)+(2×0)+(3×OC)........(1)
To find distance OC (h) from OAC 1

OC h 4
sin 60  
AC 2
 h = 2×sin60 1
 h = 1.732m
Putting value of OC in (1)
 M = 3×1.732
C 1
 M = 5.196 N.m (Clockwise)
C
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Q. 4 b) A sphere of weight 450 N rests in a groove of smooth inclined (12)
surfaces which are making 600 and 300 inclination with horizontal.
Ans. Find the reactions at the contact surfaces.
Fig. Free Body Diagram
Given: Weight of sphere W=450 N, Angle of inclined surfaces = 600 and 300
Find: Reactions at contact surfaces, RA  ?; RB  ?
Solution: Applying Lami's Theorem to FBD,

450 RA RB 1
0
 0

sin 90 sin150 sin120 0
(1) (2) (3)
Using term (1) and (2) 4
450
RA  0
 sin1500  225 N
sin 90
RA  225 N 1
Using term (1) and (3)

450
RB   sin1200  389.71 N
sin 900 1
RB  389.71 N
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Q. 4 c) A beam AB, 6 m long rests on two supports 4 m apart the right
hand end is overhanging by 2 m, the beam carries a udl of 4
kN/m, over entire span. Determine the reactions of support.
Ans.
Fig. Overhang Beam (Loading Diagram)
Given: Overhanging Beam, AB=6 m, CB=2 m(overhang), w=4 kN/m

Find: R A =?; R C =?
Solution: Applying equlibrium conditions,
 F = 0   +ve,  -ve 
y
+R A + R C  (4×6)= 0
R A + R C = 24 kN ----(1) 1
M A =0
6 1
+(4×6× )  (R C ×4) = 0
2
+72 = +4R C 4
72
RC =
4 1
R C =18 kN (  )
Putting value of R B in equation (1)
R A + R C = 24
R A +18 = 24
R A = 24 -18
1
R A = 6 kN (  )
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Q. 4 d) A body of weighing 12 kN is lying on a horizontal plane for which
µ=0.70. Determine normal reaction limiting force of friction.
Ans. Horizontal force required to move it and angle of friction.
Given: W=12 kN, μ = 0.70

Find: R=?; F=?; P=?,   ?
Solution: From above figure,

 F = 0   +ve,  -ve 
y
+R - W = 0
1
+R -12 = 0
R =12 kN
F = μ×R= 0.70×12 1
F = 8.4 kN
4
F X =0   +ve,  -ve 
+P - F = 0
P  8.4 = 0 1
P = 8.4 kN
  tan 1 (μ)  tan 1 (0.7)

  34.990  350 1
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Q. 4 e) Calculate magnitude of force P and tension in the wire OA, if an (12)
electric bulb of weight 20 N hangs vertically from a ceiling as
shown in Fig. No. 2.
Ans.
Given: Weight of bulb, W=20 N, String OA, Pull force P.
Find: Magnitude of force, P  ?; Tension in string, TOA  ?
Solution: Applying Lami's Theorem to FBD,

20 P TOA
0
 0
 1
sin 90 sin160 sin1100
(1) (2) (3)
4
20
P 0
 sin1600  6.840 N
sin 90
P  6.840 N 1

20
TOA  0
 sin1100  18.793 N
sin 90
1
TOA  18.793 N
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Q. 5 Attempt any TWO of the following: (12)
a) Calculate the reactions of support by graphical method for Q. No.

4(c).
Ans.
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Q. 5 b) A block having weight of 400 N just start moving down the plane
making an angle of 350 with the horizontal due to its own weight.
Calculate the force applied parallel to the plane to keep the block
in equilibrium µ = 0.25.
Ans.

Given: Weight of block W=400 N, Angle of inclined plane=350 ,μ=0.25
Find: Force required to keep the block in equilibrium, P=?
Solution: By considering inclined plane as horizontal plane,

Apply  Fy  0,  ve,  ve
1 6
0
+R - 400 cos 35 = 0
+R - 327.66 = 0
R = 327.66 N 1
Apply  Fx  0,  ve,  ve 1

0
+P + F - 400 sin 35 =0
+P + μR - 400 sin 350 =0
+P + 0.25×327.66 - 400 sin 350 =0
+P - 147.51=0 1
P = 147.52 N
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Q. 5 c) Locate graphically the positions of resultant for the parallel force
system, as shown in Fig. No. 3 w.r.t. to point A.
Ans.
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Q. 6 Attempt any TWO of the following: (12)
a) Find the position of centroid of an unequal angle section with

dimension 200 x 150 x 10 mm. longer leg is vertical.
Ans.
Fig. Unequal Angle Section

Given: Unequal angle section 200×150×10 mm
Find: Position of centroid, G (x, y )  ?
Solution: To find x, y of given section,
Calculation of areas :
A1 = L×B =150×10=1500 mm 2
A 2 = L×B =190×10=1900 mm 2 1
Calculation of horizontal distances of centroids from Y-axis :
L 150
x1 = = = 75 mm
2 2
1
B 10
x 2 = = = 5 mm
2 2
Calculation of vertical distances of centroids from X-axis : 6
B 10
y1 = = = 5 mm
2 2
1
L 190
y 2 =10  =10  = 105 mm
2 2
Calculation of x :
x=
 A1×x1  +  A 2 ×x 2  
1500×75 + 1900×5 1
A1 + A 2 1500 + 1900
x =35.88 mm
Calculation of y :
y=
 A1×y1  +  A 2 ×y2  =
1500×5  + 1900×105  1
A1 + A 2 1500 + 1900
y = 60.88 mm
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Q. 6 b) Locate centroid of shaded area as shown in Fig. No. 4.
Ans.
Figure No. 4. Cut of Section

Given: Triangle (b=100mm, h=100mm), cut from Quarter circle (r=100 mm)
Find: Centroid, G (x, y)  ?
Solution:
Calculation of areas:
  r 2  1002
A1 = = = 7853.98 mm 2
4 4 1
1 1
A 2 = ×b×h= ×100×100 = 5000 mm 2
2 2
Calculation of distances of centroids from y-axis.

4.r 4×100
x1 =   42.44 mm 1 6
3.π 3×π
b 100
x2 = = = 33.33mm
3 3
 A ×x  -  A 2 ×x 2  =  7853.98×42.44    5000×33.33
x= 1 1
A1  A 2 7853.98  5000
x = 58.40 mm  from OA  1
Calculation of distances of centroids from x-axis.

4.r 4×100
y1 = = = 42.44 mm
3.π 3×π
h 100
y2 = = = 33.33mm
3 3 1
 A × y  -  A 2 × y2  =  7853.98×42.44  -  5000×33.33
y= 1 1
A1 -A 2 7853.98-5000
y = 58.40 mm  from OB  1
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Q. 6 c) A right circular cone of base diameter 100 mm and height 200
mm is placed on the hemisphere of the same diameter. Calculate
its CG. Refer Fig. No. 5.
Ans.
Figure No. 5. Combination of Solids
Given: Right circular cone, 100 mm dia., 200 mm height; Hemisphere, 100 mm dia.
Find: Centroid, G (x, y)  ?
Solution: As given section is symmetrical about Y-Y axis,
base dia. 100
x 
2 2
1
x  50 mm
To find y, 6
Calculation of volumes :
2 2
V1 = × ×r 3 = × ×503 = 261799.38mm3
3 3 1
1 1
V2 = × ×r 2 ×h = ×  ×502 ×200 = 523598.77 mm 3
3 3
Calculation of vertical distances of centroids from X-axis :

3.r 3  50
y1 = r   50   31.25 mm
8 8 1
h 200
y 2 = r +  50 +  100 mm
4 4
Calculation of y :
y=
 V1×y1  +  V2 ×y2  =  261799.38×31.25  + 523598.77×100  1
V1 + V2 261799.38+ 523598.77
y = 77.083 mm 1
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MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION

Important Instructions to Examiners:

Que. Sub. Total

a) Write classification of force system.

Ans. Classification of force system:

b) Define load lost in friction.

Ans. Beam: The horizontal structural element of building resting on

Ans. Equilibrant: The force of same in magnitude and opposite in 2 2

e) Define coefficient of friction.

Ans. Coefficient of friction: The ratio of limiting friction (F) to the 2 2

f) Define centroid and centre of gravity.

Centre of gravity: The point on solid body, where whole volume or

g) State Lami’s theorem.

a) Define force and state the characteristics of a force.

b) In a machine load of 500 N was lifted by an effort 50 N. Another

Find: Law of Machine =?

Solution: Using eqation, P = mW+C

Putting value of m in equation (1)

Ans. Law of machine: The graphical representation of the relation 1

Explanation: For a certain machine, various observations of effort

Use of law of machine: 4

d) State four laws of static friction.

Ans. Laws of static friction:

a) State law of parallelogram of forces with sketch and state its

Ans. Law of parallelogram of forces: If two concurrent pull type forces 1

Sketch of Law of parallelogram of forces:

Limitations of law of parallelogram of forces: 1

Given: P=100 N (pull), Q=80 N (push), θ=450

Find: Magnitude of resultant, R=?, Direction of resultant, α=?

Solution: Using Law of parallelogram of forces, magnitude of resultant is given by,

Find: Efficiency, η=?, Effort lost in friction, Pf  ?

Solution: VR of Differential Axle & Wheel is given by -

d) Certain machine has a law of machine p = (0.025 w + 20) N with

Find: Efficiency η=?

Solution: Effort requried to lift 1000 N load 1

a) Find the algebraic sum of moments of all forces as shown in Fig.

Given: Figure No. 1 as shown above

Find: Algebraic sum of moments of all forces about point C=?

Solution: Applying equilibrium condition 1

To find distance OC (h) from OAC 1

Fig. Free Body Diagram

Find: Reactions at contact surfaces, RA  ?; RB  ?

Solution: Applying Lami's Theorem to FBD,

Using term (1) and (3)

Fig. Overhang Beam (Loading Diagram)

Given: Overhanging Beam, AB=6 m, CB=2 m(overhang), w=4 kN/m

Page No. 10/ 18

Given: W=12 kN, μ = 0.70

Solution: From above figure,

  tan 1 (μ)  tan 1 (0.7)

Page No. 11/ 18

Fig. Free Body Diagram

Given: Weight of bulb, W=20 N, String OA, Pull force P.

Find: Magnitude of force, P  ?; Tension in string, TOA  ?

Solution: Applying Lami's Theorem to FBD,

Using term (1) and (3)

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a) Calculate the reactions of support by graphical method for Q. No.

Page No. 13/ 18

Fig. Free Body Diagram

Find: Force required to keep the block in equilibrium, P=?

Solution: By considering inclined plane as horizontal plane,