WS E6 U2 Eng Ans

E6
Oceans in trouble

Interactive Geography
Unit 2 Importance of oceans to the

environment and human beings

In this unit, you are going to…
 A. Knowledge
 learn the effects of oceans on the natural environment
 learn the resources provided by oceans
 learn other functions performed by oceans
 B. Skills, values and attitude
 recognise the value of oceans to the natural environment
 be aware of the importance of oceans in maintaining the survival of human beings

 C. Concept map

Oceans and seas Marine ecosystem

Importance

Provide food
Fossil fuels
Natural environment Human beings Provide energy resources
Renewable
Provide mineral resources energy
Regulate the
Regulate Supply oxygen Other functions
water cycle temperature and store carbon (Recreation and tourism, trade
dioxide and transport, waste storage
and treatment)
Maritime Ocean

climate currents

© Aristo Educational Press LTD. 2017 6 Unit 2
E6 Oceans in trouble
 Concepts Types Functions Uses
2.1 How do oceans affect our natural environment?  Refer to p. 10‐13 in textbook

The figure below shows the water cycle and locations X and Y.

Location X Y
Temperature in
27oC 32oC
July
Temperature in
17oC 14oC
December

a. Label processes  to  on the figure.

b. How do oceans regulate the water cycle?
Oceans hold most of the world’s water. They form a major component of the water cycle
through the processes of evaporation, condensation and rainfall.

c. Refer to the table. Which location has a cooler summer, X or Y? Why is it cooler?
Location (X / Y) has a cooler summer. It is located (near the coast / in the inland). The onshore
winds bring (warmer / cooler) climate to this area.

d. Which location has a warmer winter, X or Y? Why is it warmer?
Location (X / Y) has a warmer winter. It is located (near the coast / in the inland) where the
water loses heat more (slowly / quickly) than the land. This brings (warmer / cooler) climate to
this area.

e. Name the type of climate enjoyed by X. Maritime climate

f. The figure below shows the major warm and cold ocean currents in the world.

(i) Complete the key of the map.
(ii) Compare warm and cold ocean currents in the table below.
Warm currents Cold currents
Direction of Move from lower latitudes to Move from higher latitudes to
movement higher latitudes lower latitudes
Effect Bring warmer climate to the Bring cooler climate to the
coastal areas coastal areas
Example North Atlantic Drift Peru Current

g. How do oceans help regulate oxygen and carbon dioxide in the atmosphere?
Marine plants absorb
carbon dioxide and
release oxygen during
photosynthesis.
Oceans are huge
carbon sinks. Large
amounts of carbon
dioxide dissolved in
them.

2.2 What kinds of food do oceans provide for us?  Refer to p. 14‐15 in textbook

The photos below show different types of food provided by oceans.

i. Fish ii. Canned tuna iii. Dried seaweed

a. Identify food i to iii using the following words: Dried seaweed, Fish, Canned tuna

b. Refer to the figure below.
X
180 m

(i) What is region X?
X is the continental shelf.

(ii) Why is region X rich a good fishing ground?
It is a shallow region with gentle slope at the edge of continents. There is adequate supply
of nutrients from land. Sunlight can also pass through easily. Phytoplankton grow well and
provide a rich source of food for fish.

c. What are the two major methods used to obtain seafood?
The two methods are wild capture and aquaculture.

d. Suggest ONE difference between the two methods.
Wild capture is carried out in open seas while aquaculture is carried out in fish cages.
2.3 What energy resources do oceans provide for us?  Refer to p. 16‐19 in textbook

The table below shows the type of energy resources provided by oceans.
a. Identify energy resources i to iii.
b. Describe its distribution and how people obtain it.
Energy resource Distribution How to obtain it
 Nan Hai in Southeast Drilling the seabed at
Asia offshore fields.
 Offshore areas of the
Atlantic Ocean

i. Oil / fossil fuels

Offshore wind farms are Prevailing winds drive the
found in Europe, Asia and wind turbines to produce
North America electricity.

ii. Wind power

Tidal power stations are  The rising and falling of
found in France, the United tides move the turbines
Kingdom and China twice a day to produce
electricity.
 The larger the tidal
range, the more
electricity can be
iii. Tidal energy generated.

c. Group energy resources i to iii into different categories.
 Non‐renewable energy: i
 Renewable energy: ii, iii


2.4 What mineral resources and other functions do oceans have?
 Refer to p. 20‐21 in textbook
1.
Do you know these mineral
resources? Where are they
in the oceans? What are
their uses?

Mineral resource Distribution Use
Salt In seawater An important element for
our nutrition

Precious metals and Continental shelf For making jewellery
gemstones

Sand and gravel Beaches and seabed Building materials

Manganese nodules Deep ocean floors Raw materials for industrial
production

2. The photos below are taken from different locations in Hong Kong.
a. Match the photos with the correct locations where they were taken on the map on next
page.

i. ii. iii. iv.


b. Study the photos and describe how we use the ocean in different ways.
Photo How we use the ocean
i. Beach Recreation
ii. Sewage treatment plant Waste treatment / dumping waste
iii. Night view of Victoria Harbour Tourist attraction / development of tourism
iv. A container terminal Freight transport / trading

 Geographical Terms and Glossaries

How oceans affect our natural environment
Maritime climate 海洋性氣候 Warm current 暖流
Heat capacity 熱容量 Cold current 寒流
Onshore wind 向岸風 North Atlantic Drift 北大西洋暖流
Qiemo 且末 Peru Current 秘魯寒流
Qingdao 青島 Carbon sink 碳匯
Ocean current 洋流 Dissolve 溶解

Food provided by oceans
Protein 蛋白質 Continental shelf 大陸架
Fishing ground 漁場 Aquaculture 水產養殖

Energy resources provided by oceans
Drilling 鑽油 Methane hydrate 可燃冰(甲烷水合物)
Oil rig 鑽油平台 Tidal power 潮汐能
Crude oil 原油 Tidal range 潮差
Cosmetics 化妝品 Prevailing wind 盛行風
Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) 石油氣
Mineral resources and other functions of oceans
Mineral resources 礦物資源 Sea cliff 海崖
Gravel 砂礫 Sewage 污水
Gemstone 寶石 Dilute 稀釋
Manganese nodule 錳核 Degrade 分解
 Self‐review tool  Refer to p. 22‐25 in textbook

Part 1 Multiple Choice (8)
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8.
C B C B D C D B

Part 2 Data response question (18)
1. a. Route B, because there are three beaches for different types of water sports such as
swimming
b. Map distance 11.5 cm
Actual distance (11.5 × 2) km = 23 km (±200 m)
c. 5 hrs 45 mins
2. Boat trip for watching dolphins / sightseeing
3. Ways of human use of the sea Map evidence
 Recreation / tourism  Beaches, e.g. Pui O Beach / Dolphin near
 Transport Tai O
 Waste storage  Ferry pier at Tai O
 Site for disposal of contaminated mud at
the north of the airport (Any 2)
4. a. Phytoplankton Zooplankton Small fish Large fish
b. Continental shelf
c. Adequate supply of sunlight and nutrients from land / phytoplankton grow well / rich
food resources for fish and other species

Part 3 Short essay (6)
Illustrate the importance of ocean currents in regulating the world’s temperature with
examples.
Step  Brainstorm and write down any glossary that comes to your mind about the question.
cold currents increase temperature flows from lower latitudes to higher latitudes
North Atlantic Drift flows from higher latitudes to lower latitudes
lower temperature warm currents Peru Current
Step  Sort and group your ideas.
Flows from lower latitudes Flows from higher latitudes
to higher latitudes to lower latitudes
How oceans
Warm currents regulate the world’s Cold currents
temperature
North Atlantic Drift Increase temperature Lower temperature Peru Current
Step  Draft the ideas into short sentences.

 Warm currents bring heat from lower latitudes to higher latitudes.
 They increase the temperatures of coastal areas.
Warm currents
 The North Atlantic Drift flows from the Gulf of Mexico to northwest
Europe.
 Cold currents bring heat from higher latitudes to lower latitudes.
 They lower the temperatures of coastal areas.
Cold currents
 The Peru Current flows from the Antarctica to the west coast of
South America.

Step  Enrich your essay by elaborating the effects of ocean currents.
Elaboration
 It brings a warmer climate to coastal cities in northwest Europe
in winter.
North Atlantic Drift
 It prevents the North Sea from freezing in winter and makes the
region one of the most important fishing grounds of the world.
It cools down the air along the Peruvian coast in summer. Coastal
Peru Current
cities can enjoy a cooler climate than inland cities.
Step  Organise the sentences into paragraphs.

Write a topic Ocean currents are large-scale movements of surface water in the oceans.
sentence to
There are two types of ocean currents, the warm currents and cold currents,
introduce the main
ideas of the essay. and they regulate the world’s temperature in different ways.
Describe how warm First, warm currents bring heat from lower latitudes to higher latitudes.
currents regulate
the world’s
They increase the temperature of coastal areas they flow by. For example,
temperature. the North Atlantic Drift is a warm current that flows from the Gulf of
Mexico to northwest Europe. It brings a warmer climate to coastal cities in
the region in winter. It also prevents the North Sea from freezing, making it
one of the most important fishing grounds of the world.
Describe how cold Second, cold currents move from higher latitudes to lower latitudes. They
currents regulate
lower the temperature of coastal areas they flow by. For example, the Peru
the world’s
temperature. Current is a cold current that brings cold water from the Antarctica to the
west coast of South America. It cools down the air along the Peruvian coast
in summer. Coastal cities can enjoy a cooler climate than inland cities in
summer.
Summarise the To conclude, ocean currents play an important role in regulating the
main points of the
world’s temperature.
essay briefly.
Writing tips:
Link the paragraphs smoothly by
using connectives and conjunctions.


WS E6 U2 Eng Ans

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E6

Oceans in trouble

Unit 2 Importance of oceans to the

In this unit, you are going to…

 Concepts Types Functions Uses

2.1 How do oceans affect our natural environment?  Refer to p. 10‐13 in textbook

2.2 What kinds of food do oceans provide for us?  Refer to p. 14‐15 in textbook

2.3 What energy resources do oceans provide for us?  Refer to p. 16‐19 in textbook

© Aristo Educational Press LTD. 2017 10 Unit 2

Heat capacity 熱容量 Cold current 寒流

Onshore wind 向岸風 North Atlantic Drift 北大西洋暖流

Qiemo 且末 Peru Current 秘魯寒流

Qingdao 青島 Carbon sink 碳匯

Ocean current 洋流 Dissolve 溶解

Fishing ground 漁場 Aquaculture 水產養殖

Oil rig 鑽油平台 Tidal power 潮汐能

Crude oil 原油 Tidal range 潮差

Cosmetics 化妝品 Prevailing wind 盛行風

Gravel 砂礫 Sewage 污水

Gemstone 寶石 Dilute 稀釋

Manganese nodule 錳核 Degrade 分解

3. Ways of human use of the sea Map evidence

Step  Sort and group your ideas.

North Atlantic Drift Increase temperature Lower temperature Peru Current

Step  Draft the ideas into short sentences.

Step  Organise the sentences into paragraphs.

© Aristo Educational Press LTD. 2017 15 Unit 2

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