TRANS:RA 5527 MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ACT
///MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ACT OF 1969 (REPUBLIC ACT NO. 5527) AND ITS AMENDMENTS
Introduction
• Laws, as represented by Republic Acts, Presidential
Decrees, and Executive Orders, are enacted for the benefit
of the general public or the different sectors of society. One
example is Republic Act No. 5527 or the Medical
Technology Act of 1969 which embodies the definition of the
profession, as well as its registration, functions,
responsibilities, coverage, and limitations. This law has been
in existence for the last 45 years or ever since former
President Ferdinand Marcos signed it. Due to the continuous
modernization of the country, however, it has been amended
several times. Republic Act No. 6138 (August 31, 1970)
amended Sections 16, 21, and 22; Presidential Decree No.
498 (June 28, 1974) amended Sections 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 11, 13,
21, and 29, and Presidential Decree No. 1534 (June 11,
1978) amended Sections 3, 8, and 13 (Romeo, 2009).
Senator Edgardo Angara proposed a bill titled the Medical
Technology Act of 2011 which repealed the existing law. It
aims to improve the status of all medical technologists in the
Philippines in terms of salary and competency, bringing
Filipino medical technologists on a par with those of the
other nations in the world. On December 4, 2013,
Representative Leopoldo N. Bataoil of the 2nd district of
Pangasinan during the first regular session of the Sixteenth
Congress proposed another amendment under House Bill
3502. This chapter, however, discusses R.A. 5527 as it was
originally signed in 1969.
Keywords
 Amendment. A process of revising, modifying, or
changing the provisions of a law or bill
 House Bill No. 3502. An amendment of the Medical
Technology Act of 2011
 Medical Technology Act of 2011. An act which contains
the provisions for the improvement of the status of all
medical technologists in terms of competencies or skills.
 Presidential Decree No. 498. The second revision made
to R.A. 5527
 Republic Act No. 5527. Otherwise known as the
Medical Technology Act of 1969
 Republic Act No. 6138. Approved on August 31, 1970.
KEY CONCEPTS
CONCEPT OF LAW AND THE PROVISIONS OF R.A
5527
By definition, a law refers to a set of rules or orders imposed on
all members of the community. They are recognized, binding,
and enforceable on an individual by an organization or a group of
individuals who are authorized to implement such. In
professional practice, one governing rule or order is Republic Act
or Presidential Decree which can later be amended for the
benefit of those who will be protected by such an amendment
Similarly, the practice of the medical technology profession is
governed by a law, which is RA 5527.
R.A. 5527 (An Act Requiring the Registration of Medical
Technologists, Defining their Practice and Other Purposes) is
divided into three parts, namely preliminary provisions,
functional provisions, and concluding provisions.
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Laws are the regulatory systems of social relations. In
the field of professional practice, important legal
concepts include the following:
1. Prevailing laws and source or origin. The law is existing at
present, enveloping the practice of professional endeavors;
2. Offense and legal responsibility. Laws are enacted and are
always accompanied by the appropriate offense for violations
or infractions of such. It is, therefore, mandatory for the
individual concerned to render obedience to the existing laws.
In other words, people are duty-bound to assume the
responsibilities over any action they take or commit
3. Laws and orders, sanctions, system of laws, and legality of
action. This third legal concept pertains to the fact that a law is
a set of rules or orders. Nobody is above the law. Laws govern
and treat all people fairly and impartially. Any violation of laws
may be reprimanded and sanctioned; therefore, laws are rules
that prescribe directions for conduct in any situation.
A Republic Act is a piece of legislation enacted as a policy
that may govern the conduct and behavior of an individual or
group of persons and uphold the principles of the Constitution.
From this basic definition, the concept of a Republic Act
involves the process of making policies for the betterment of
the people's status and relations in a society. In concept, it is a
law that is enacted for a certain group of working professionals
like medical technologists. It consists of specific policies that
should be observed. It is usually drafted by the Congress and
approved by the President of the Philippines. A Republic Act
can also be repealed by the Congress.
A Presidential Decree, connotes the judgment of the court.
The concept of Presidential Decree includes the proclamations
of the legal consequence of the facts or actions in connection
with the professional practice of medical technology carried out
or decided by the court in its finality. In the field of medical
technology, P.D. 498 has been regarded as the second
amendment done to R.A. 5527. In other words, certain
provisions of R.A. 5527 have been amended and such
amendments are products of the court's decision.
An Executive Order contains the president's directives
implementing or interpreting certain constitutional provisions or
treaties (Hill et al., 2005). In other words, it can be defined as the
legal language of the President of the Republic of the Philippines
who usually issues policies to avoid public or political debate and
opposition. One good example is Executive Order 200 which
institutionalized the full computerization of the Medical
Technology Licensure Examination by various regulatory boards
and under the supervision of the Professional Regulation
Commission (Moraleta, 2015).
A Senate Bill, on the other hand, is a piece of proposed
legislation that has been issued or was modified by the Congress
or the the Senate. This bill can become a law after its passage
by the Senate
 TRANS:RA 5527 MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ACT
PRELIMINARY PROVISIONS
Provision of Republic Act No. 1517
 Included under the preliminary provisions are the
designated title and definition of terms of R.A. 5527:
 This Act may also be cited as the Philippine Medical
Technology Act of 1969 (Title in Section 1, R.A. 5527).
As used in this Act, the following terms shall mean:
 (a) Medical Technology - An auxiliary branch of
laboratory medicine which deals with the examination
by various chemical, microscopic, bacteriologic and
other medical laboratory procedures or techniques
which will aid the physician in the diagnosis, study and
treatment of disease and in the promotion of health in
general.
 (b) Pathologist - A duly registered physician who is
specially trained in methods of laboratory medicine, of
the gross and microscopic study and interpretation of
tissues, secretions and excretions of the human body
and its functions in order to diagnose disease, follow its
course, determine the effectivity of treatment, ascertain
cause of death and advance medicine by means of
research.
 (c) Medical Technologist- A person who engages in the
work of medical technology under the supervision of a
pathologist or licensed physician authorized by the
Department of Health in places where there is no
pathologist and who having passed a prescribed course
(Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology/ Bachelor
of Science in Hygiene) of training and examination is
registered under the provision of this Act.
 (d) Medical Technician – A person who, not being a
graduate of Bachelor of Science in Medical
Technology/Bachelor of Science in Hygiene, but having
passed the corresponding civil service examination,
performs the work of medical technology under the
supervision of a registered medical technologist and/or
qualified pathologist.
 (e) Accredited Medical Technology Training Laboratory-
A clinical laboratory, office, agency, clinic, hospital
sanitarium duly approved by the Department of Health
or its authorized agency.
 (f) Recognized School of Medical Technology - Any
school, college or university which offers a course in
Medical Technology approved by the Department of
Education in accordance with the requirements under
this Act, upon recommendation of the Council of
Medical Technology Education;
 (g) Council -The Council of Medical Technology
Education s established under this Act
 (h) Board-The Board of Examiners for Medical
Technology established under this Act (Definition of
Terms in Section 2, R.A. 5527).
FUNCTIONAL PROVISIONS
Functional provisions pertain to the policies or orders
creating a council of medical technology, the minimum
required courses, composition, functions, qualifications,
and removal of the board of examiners, examination
coverage, and foreign reciprocity.
There is hereby established a Council of Medical
Technology Education, hereafter referred to as Council,
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which shall be composed of the Secretary of Education
or Director of Private Education as Chairman, the
Director of the Bureau of Research and Laboratories of
the Department of Health as Vice-Chairman, and the
Chairman and two members of the Board of Medical
Technology, the Dean of the Institute of Hygiene of the
University of the Philippines, a representative of the
deans or heads of the private schools of medical
technology, and the presidents of the Philippine
Association of Medical Technologists and the
Philippine Society of Pathologists, as members
(Council of Medical Technology Education, Its
Composition in Section 3, R.A. 5527).
The chairman and members of the Council shall be entitled
to a twenty-five pesos per diem for every meeting
actually attended: Provided, that the number of
meetings authorized with a per diem shall not exceed
two in a month: And Provided, further, that officials
receiving regular salaries from the Government shall
not receive a per diem. In addition, the chairman and
members of the Council shall be entitled to traveling
expenses in connection with their official duties
(Compensation and Traveling Expenses of Council
Members in Section 4, R.A, 5527).
 The functions of the Council shall be:
 (a)To recommend the minimum required curriculum for
the course of medical technology.
 (b) To determine and prescribe the number of students
to be allowed to take up the medical technology course
in each school, taking into account the student-
instructor ratio and the availability of facilities for
instruction.
 (c) To approve medical technology schools meeting the
requirements and recommend closure of those found to
be substandard
 (d) To require all medical technology schools to submit
an annual report, including the total number of students
and instructors, a list of facilities available for instruction,
a list of their recent graduates and new admissions, on
or before the month of June.
 (e)To inspect, when necessary, the different medical
technology schools in the country in order to determine
whether a high standard of education is maintained in
said institutions
 (f)To certify for admission into an undergraduate
internship students who have satisfactorily completed
three years of the medical technology course or its
equivalent and to collect from said students the amount
of five pesos each which money accrue to the operating
fund of the Council.
 (g)To formulate and recommend approval of refresher
course for applicants who shall have failed the Board
Examination for the third time.
 (h)To promulgate and prescribe and enforce necessary
rules and regulations for the proper implementation of
the foregoing functions (Functions of the Council of
Medical Technology Education in Section 5, R.A. 5527).
The medical technology course shall be of at least four years,
including a 12-month satisfactory internship in accredited
laboratories, and shall include the following subjects:
 TRANS:RA 5527 MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ACT

 Biochemistry recommendation of the Council of Medical Technology Education,

 Gross Anatomy approve laboratories for accreditation as training laboratories for
 Histology Medical Technology students or postgraduate trainees upon
 Physiology satisfactory evidence that said laboratories possess qualified
 Clinical Parasitology personnel and are properly equipped to carry out laboratory
 General Pathology procedures commonly required in the following fields:
 Microbiology bacteriology. serology, parasitology, hematology, and
biochemistry, and that the scope of activities of said laboratory
 Biostatistics
offers sufficient training in said laboratory procedures
 Clinical Laboratory banking, clinical microscopy, applied
(Accreditation of Schools of Medical Technology and of Training
microbiology
Laboratories in Section 13, R.A. 5527).
Methods including
 Hematology No person shall practice or offer to practice medical technology
 serology, blood and parasitology, as defined in this Act without having previously obtained a valid
 histopathologic techniques, and certificate of registration from the Board provided that registration
 cytotechnology shall not be required of the following:
 English  Duly registered physicians
 Spanish  (b) Medical technologists from other countries called in
 Social Science for consultation or as visiting or exchange professors to
 General Zoology colleges or universities: Provided, they are only
 Botany practicing the said function.
 Mathematics  (c) Medical technologists in the service of the United
 College Physics States Armed Forces stationed in the Philippines
 General Chemistry rendering services as such for members of the id forces
 Qualitative Chemistry Quantitative Chemistry only (Inhibition against the Practice of Medical
Technology in Section 14, RA 5527),
Except as otherwise specifically allowed under the provisions of
The Council is hereby authorized, subject to the approval of the this Act, all applicants for registration as medical technologists
Secretary of Education to change, remove from or add to the shall be required to undergo a written examination which shall be
subjects listed above as the needs and demands of progress in given by the Board annually in the Greater Manila Area, Cebu,
the science of medical technology may require (Minimum and Davao during the month of August or September on such
Required Course in Section 6, R.A. 5527). days and places as the Board may designate Written notices of
such examination shall be published in at least three newspapers
The Department of Education shall approve schools of medical of national circulation by the Secretary of the Board at least thirty
technology in accordance with the provisions of this Act. The days prior to the date of examination (Examination in Section 15,
Department of Health or its authorized agency shall, upon R.A. S527).
Every applicant for examination under this Act, shall, prior to the according to the abovementioned relative weights of the subjects:
date thereof, furnish the Board satisfactory proof that he or she Provided, however, that the Board may change, add to or
(a) Is in good health and is of good moral character; remove from the list of subjects or weights above, as progress in
(b) Has completed a course of at least four years leading to the the science of medical technology may require, subject to the
degree of Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology or prior approval of the Council (Scope and Coverage and
Bachelor of Science in Hygiene conferred by a recognized Examination in Section 17, R.A. 5527)
school, college or university in accordance with this Act and all
other persons having graduated from other paramedical The Board shall, within one hundred and twenty days after the
professions who are actually performing medical technology for date of completion of the examination, report the result thereof to
the last five years prior to the enactment of this Act provided they the Commissioner of Civil Service, who shall submit such result
meet the minimum requirements mentioned in Section Six to the President of the Philippines for approval (Report of Ratings
exceeding one year undergraduate internship or practical training in Section 18, R.A. 5527).
(Qualification for Examination in Section 16, R.A. S527)
In order to pass the examination, a candidate must obtain a
The examination questions shall cover the following subjects with general average of at least seventy-five per cent in the written
their respective relative weights: test, with no rating below fifty per cent in any of the major
Clinical Chemistry 20% subjects: Provided, that the candidate has not failed in at least
Microbiology & Parasitology 20% sixty per cent of the subjects computed according to their relative
Hematology 20% weights. No further examination will be given to an applicant who
Blood Banking & Serology 20% has not qualified after three examinations, unless and until he
Clinical Microscopy (Urinalysis and Other Body Fluids) 10% shall have completed a 12 months' refresher course in an
Histopathologic Techniques 10% accredited medical technology school or 12 month postgraduate
training in an accredited laboratory Provided that graduate of
The Board shall prepare the schedule of subjects for examination paramedical professions other than Bachelor of Science in
and submit the same to the Commissioner of Civil Service for Medical Technology/Bachelor of Science in Hygiene admitted to
publication at least four months before the date of examination. an examination under the provisions of this Act shall not be given
The Board shall compute the general average of each examinee
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 TRANS:RA 5527
TRANS:RA MEDICAL
5527
MEDICAL
further examinations after his failure to qualify for the third time
(Ratings in the Examination in Section 19, R.A 5527)
All successful examinees shall be required to take a professional
oath before the Board or before any person authorized to
administer paths prior to entering upon the practice of medical
technology in the Philippines (Oath Taking in Section 20, RA.
5527).
Every applicant who has satisfactorily passed the required
examination shall be issued a certificate of registration as
medical technologist: Provided, that no such certificate shall be
issued to any successful applicant who has not attained the age
of twenty-one years All certificates shall be signed by all the
members of the Board and attested by its Secretary. The duly
registered medical technologist shall be required to display his
certificate of registration in the place where he works. Upon
application filed after the approval of this Act not later than ninety
days after the Board shall have been fully constituted, the Board
shall issue a certificate of registration without examination to
persons who have graduated with a Bachelor of Science in
Hygiene and/or Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology in
duly recognized schools of medical technology in the Philippines
or foreign countries and who have been in the practice of
medical technology for at least three years at the time of the
passage of this Act in laboratories in the Philippines or in foreign
countries duly accredited by the Bureau of Research and
Laboratories, Department of Health, and also to all other persons
having graduated from other paramedical professions who are
already civil service eligible by authority of the other Boards of
profession and who are actually performing medical technology
practice for the last five years prior to the enactment of this Act
(Issuance of Certificate of Registration in Section 21, R.A. 5527).
The Board shall refuse to issue a certificate of registration to any
person convicted by a court of competent jurisdiction of any
criminal offense involving moral turpitude, found guilty of immoral
or dishonorable conduct, or is of unsound mind, or is suffering
from an incurable communicable disease, and in such case shall
give to the applicant a written statement setting forth the reason
for its action, which statement shall be incorporated in the record
of the Board (Refusal to Issue Certificate in Section 23, R.A.
5527).
Administrative investigations shall be conducted by at least two
members of the Board with one legal officer sitting during the
investigation. The existing rules of evidence shall be observed
during all administrative proceedings, the respondents shall be
entitled to be represented by counsel or be heard in person, to
have a speedy and public hearing, to confront and cross-
examine witnesses against him or her, and to all other rights
guaranteed by the Constitution.
The Board may, after giving proper notice and hearing to the
party concerned, reprimand an erring medical technologist or
revoke or suspend his certificate of registration for the causes
mentioned in the next preceding section or for causes
enumerated in section twenty-nine (29) of this Act, or for
unprofessional conduct, malpractice, incompetency, or serious
ignorance or gross negligence in the practice of medical
technology.
No penalty of revocation shall be imposed unless there is a
unanimous vote of all the three members of the Board. The
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TECHNOLOGY
ACT
TECHNOLOGY ACT
Board may, by majority vote, impose the penalty of reprimand or
suspension, the latter, however, not to exceed two years.
When the penalty of suspension or revocation is imposed by the
Board, the medical technologist shall be required to surrender his
certificate of registration within thirty days after the decision
becomes final, under the pain of perpetual disqualification from
the of medical technology in the Philippines for inexcusable
failure to do so. The suspension shall run from the date of such
surrender (Administrative Investigation-Revocation or
Suspension of Certificates practice in Section 24, R.A. 5527).
The revocation or suspension of a certificate made by the Board
shall be subject to appeal to the Civil Service Commissioner
whose decision shall become final thirty days after its
promulgation, unless the respondent within the same period has
appealed to the Office of the President of the Philippines (Appeal
in Section 25, R.A. 5527).
The Board may, upon application and for reason deemed proper
and sufficient, reissue any revoked registration certificate. The
suspension of a certificate of registration shall be automatically
lifted upon the expiration of the period of suspension and said
certificate shall be re-issued to the medical technologist
concerned upon request without prejudice to further actions by
the Board for violation of the provisions of this Act or conditions
imposed by the Board upon the medical technologist during the
period of suspension (Reinstatement, Reissue or Replacement
of Certificates in Section 26, R.A. 5527).
No foreigner shall be admitted to examination, or be given a
certificate of registration or be entitled to any of the rights and
privileges under this Act, unless the country or state which he is
a subject of a citizen permits Filipino Medical Technologists to
practice within its territorial limits on the same basis as the
subjects or citizens of said country or state (Foreign Reciprocity
in Section 27, R.A. 5527).
CONCLUDING PROVISIONS
The concluding provisions include the roster of medical
technologists, penal provisions, separability clause, and
repealing clause.
 A roster of Medical Technologists shall be prepared
annually by the Secretary of the Board, commencing on
the year following that in which the Act shall become
effective. The roster shall contain the name, address
and citizenship of each registered Medical Technologist,
date of registration or issuance of certificate, and other
data which in the opinion of the Board are pertinent The
roster shall be open to public inspection, and copies
thereof shall be mailed to each person included therein,
placed on file in the Office of the President, furnished to
all Department Heads and all agencies, offices and
instrumentalities of the Department of Health and to
such other offices, private or governmental, and to the
public upon request (Roster of Medical Technologists in
Section 28, RA. 5527)
 Without prejudice to the provision of the Medical Act of
1959 as amended, pertaining to illegal practice of
Medicine, the following shall be punished by a fine of
not less than two thousand pesos nor more than five
thousand pesos, or imprisonment for not less than six
months nor more than two years, or both at the
discretion of the court
 (a) Any person who shall practice Medical Technology
in the Philippines without being registered or exempted
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 TRANS:RA 5527 MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ACT
from registration in accordance with the provisions of
the Act;
 (b) Any medical technologist, even if duly registered,
who shall practice medical technology in the Philippines
without the necessary supervision of a qualified
pathologist or physician authorized by the Department
of Health;
 (c) Any medical technologist who shall knowingly make
a fraudulent laboratory report;
 (d) Any duly registered medical technologist who shall
refuse or fail, after due warning by the Board, to display
his certificate of registration in the place where he works;
 (e) Any person presenting or attempting to use as his
own, the certificate of registration of another,
 (f) Any person who shall give any false or fraudulent
evidence of any kind to the Board member thereof
obtaining a certificate of registration as Medical
Technologist;
 (g) Any person who shall impersonate any registrant of
a fake or the same name;
 (h) Any person who shall attempt to use a revoked or
suspended certificate of registration;
 (i) Any person who shall, in connection with his name,
otherwise assume, use or advertise any title or
description tending to convey the impression that he is
a Medical Technologist without holding a valid
certificate of registration;
 (j) Any person who shall violate any provision of this Act,
or
 (k) Any person or corporate body who shall violate the
rules and regulations of the Board or orders
promulgated by it after having been duly approved and
issued by the President of the Philippines upon
recommendation of the Commissioner of Civil Service
for the purpose of carrying out the provisions of this Act
(Penal Provisions in Section 29, R.A. 5527).
If any provision of this Act or the application of such provision to
any person or circumstance is declared invalid by a court of
competent jurisdiction, the remainder of this Act or of the
application of such provision to other persons or circumstances
shall not be affected by such declaration (Separability Clause in
Section 30, R.A. 5527)
All acts, executive orders, rules and regulations, or parts thereof
inconsistent with the provisions of this Act are hereby repealed
Provided, however, that nothing in this Act shall be construed as
repealing or amending any portion of the Medical Act of 1959
(RA. 2382, as amended by R A 4224), the Clinical Laboratory
Act of 1966 (R. A 4688), and the Blood Banking Law of 1956 (R
A 1517) (Repealing Clause in Section 31, R.A. 5527).
AMENDMENTS TO R.A. 5527
In response to issues and concerns on certain provisions of R.A.
5527, several amendments were made after its implementation.
The amendments done to R.A. 5527 include R.A. 6138 (August
31, 1970), P.D. 498 (June 28, 1974), and P.D. 1534 (June 11,
1978). The Medical Technology Act truly augmented the salary
and compensation commensurate with the competencies and
skills of the Filipino medical technologists. Finally, during the first
regular session of the Sixteenth Congress on December 04,
2013, by virtue of House Bill 3502, amendments on several
sections of R.A. 5527 were enacted
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AMENDMENTS AND THEIR PROCESS
Amendments, by conventional definition, are changes to certain
provisions of a Republic Act. They are based on the premise that
changes are made or to be made for the purpose of adapting to
what is presently existing in the professional practice and
expanding the rights and privileges extended to an individual or a
group of persons Similar to the process of enacting a law derived
from the three readings of a bill, the amendment process also
involves bringing the proposed amendment to the focus and
attention of the Congress The Senate and the House of
Representatives review the proposal. The Congress, upon a vote
of three-fourths of all its members and both Houses must meet in
a joint session to discuss the amendment of the provisions.
R.A. 5527 AND CHED MEMORANDUM ORDERS
Republic Act 5527 clearly defines what encompasses the
practice of medical technology. It also includes provisions on the
scope and coverage of the examination including some
information on the performance ratings more so with the
composition, qualifications, and functions of the Board of
Examiners. On the other hand, the revocation, reissue, and
issuance of Certification of Registration are covered in the Act. In
conjunction with this Act, CHED Memorandum Orders
emphasize the standard policies in applying for a program permit
and recognition, including the requirements for library holdings,
faculty, instruction, schedule of fees, budget, goals and
objectives, and feasibility study.
R.A. 4437 AND CLINICAL LABORATORY
ACCREDITATION AND CATEGORIES
Republic Act NO. 5527 includes the provisions on the
accreditation Of the clinical Laboratory as a training ground for
interns or externs as the case may be. The accreditation of
clinical laboratories used to be the function of the Bureau of
Research Laboratory (BRL) and the Department of Health (DOH).
However, because of certain changes in the DOH, the functions
of classifying the laboratories are now under the Commission on
Higher Education (CHED). First, the CHED implements the rules,
regulations, and policies before the program Can be offered. The
policy covers the internship program. The classes Of clinical
laboratories are described and discussed in Chapter 6. Second,
the improvement of laboratory diagnostic services benefits both
students and patients; hence, the function should be under the
CHED. Third, R.A. 5527 provides guidelines for the BRL, DOH,
and CHED.
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 6138
P.D. 6138 amends certain sections of R.A. 5527. These
provisions- Section 16, 21, 22-are amended to read as follows:
 Every applicant for examination under this Act, shall, prior
to the date thereof, furnish the Board satisfactory proof that
he or she: (a) Is in good health and is of good moral
character; (b) Has completed a course of at least four years
leading to the degree of Bachelor of Science in Medical
Technology or Bachelor of Science in Hygiene conferred by
a recognized school, college or university in accordance
with this Act or having graduated from some other
paramedical professions and has been actually performing
 TRANS:RA 5527 MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ACT
medical technology for the last five years prior to the date of
the examination, if such performance began prior to the
enactment of this Act (Qualification for Examination in
Section 16, P.D. 6138).
 Every applicant who has satisfactorily passed the required
examination shall be issued a certificate of registration as
Medical Technologist: Provided, that no such certificate
shall be issued to any successful applicant who has not
attained the age of twenty-one years. All certificates shall
be Signed by all the members Of the Board and attested by
its Secretary. The duty registered medical technologist shall
be required to display his certificate of registration in the
place where he works. Upon application filed after the
approval of this Act not later than ninety days after the
Board shall have been fully constituted, the Board shall
issue a certificate of registration without examination to
 The Board shall charge each applicant for examination and
registration the sum of fifty pesos, of which the sum Often
pesos shall be for registration, and for each certificate of
registration issued without prior examination in accordance
with the provisions Of this Act the sum of twenty-five pesos;
for issuance of a new certificate to replace a certificate lost,
destroyed or mutilated, the Board shall charge the sum often
pesos. All such fees shall be paid to the disbursing officer of
the Civil Service Commission who shall pay from the receipts
thereof, all authorized expenses of the Board including the
compensation Of each member (Fees in Section 22, P.D.
6138).
COMMENTARY ON PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 6138
Presidential Decree No. 6138 covers the modifications of three
provisions of R.A. 5527. Section 16 discusses the qualification for
the examination in which the provision did not indicate the
condition regarding the practice of the medical technology
profession over the past five years:
 x x x if such performance began prior to June 21, 1969.
Section 21 has not mentioned the last provision of x x x
Provided, that such performance began prior to June 21,
1969. Provided, further, that the Board shall likewise issue a
certificate Of registration as medical laboratory technician
without examination to any person who upon application and
payment Of the required fee of fifty pesos (P50.OO) shows
evidence satisfactory to the Board that:
1. He or she passed the civil service examination for medical
technician given on March 21, 1964; or
2. Has finished a two-year college course and has at least one (1)
year of experience as medical laboratory technician; Provided, that
for every year of deficiency in college attainment, two (2) years of
experience may be substituted; Provided, further, that an applicant
who has at least ten (10) years of experience as medical
laboratory technician as of the date of approval Of this Decree
regardless Of his academic attainment may qualify for registration
without examination; or
3. Has failed to pass the board examination for medical technology
but had obtained a general rating of at least 70%. Provided, finally,
that a registered medical laboratory technician when employed in
the government shall have the equivalent civil service eligibility not
lower than second grade.
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persons who have graduated with a Bachelor of Science in
Hygiene and/or Bachelor Of Science in Medical Technology
in duly recognized schools of medical technology in the
Philippines or in foreign countries who have been in the
practice of medical technology, for at least three years prior
to the filing of the application, in laboratories in the
Philippines or in foreign countries duly accredited by the
Bureau of Research and Laboratories, Department Of
Health, and also to all other persons who, having graduated
from other paramedical professions, are already civil
service eligible by authority of the other Boards ofprofession
and who have been actually performing medical technology
practice for the last five years prior to the filing of the
application (Issuance of Certificate of Registration in
Section 21, RD. 6138).
Section 22 contains the phrase “x x x of which the sum of ten
pesos shall be for registration x x x” which was deleted from
section 22 of R.A. 5527.
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 498
D. 498 amends certain sections of R.A. 5527. These provisions are
Sections 2, 3, 4, 7, 6, 11, 13, 16, 17, 21, and 29:
As used in this Act, the following terms shall mean:
(a) Practice Of Medical Technology. A person shall be deemed
to be in the practice of medical technology within the meaning of
this Act, who shall, for a fee, salary or other compensation or
reward paid or given directly or indirectly through another, render
any of the following professional services for the purpose Of aiding
the physician in the diagnosis, study and treatment of diseases
and in
the promotion of health in general:
1.Examination of tissues, secretions and excretions of the human
body and body fluids by various electronic, chemical, miscroscopic,
bacteriologic, hematologic, serologic, immunologic, nuclear and
other library procedures and techniques either manual or
automated:
2..Blood banking procedures and techniques;
3. Parasitologic, mycologic and microbiologic procedures and
techniques;
4. Histopathologic and cytotechnology; provided that nothing in this
paragraph shall inhibit a duly registered medical laboratory
technician from performing histopathologic techniques and
procedures.
5. Clinical research involving patients or human beings requiring
the use of and/or application of medical technology knowledge and
procedures;
6. Preparations and standardization of reagents, standards, stains
and others, provided such reagents, Standards, stains and others
are exclusively for the use Of their laboratory;
7. Clinical laboratory quality control;
8.Collection and preservation Of specimen;
 TRANS:RA 5527 MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ACT
Provided, that any person who shall pass the corresponding Board
examination for the practice Of a profession already regulated by
existing laws shall not be subject to the provisions Of at least four
(4) preceding paragraphs if the performance Of such acts or
services is merely incidental to his profession.
(d) Medical Laboratory Technician. A person certified and
registered with the Board as qualified to assist a medical
technologist and or qualified pathologist in the practice of medical
technology as defined in this Act (Definition of Terms in Section 2,
P.D. 498).
There is hereby established a Council of Medical Technology
Education, hereafter referred to as Council, which shalt be
composed of the Commissioner of the Professional Regulation
Commission as Chairman, the Chairman of the Board of Medical
Technology as Vice-Chairman, and the two (2) merhbers of the
Board Of Medical Technology, and the Director Of Private
Education or its duly authorized representative, the Director of the
Bureau of Research and Laboratories Of the Department of Health,
and a representative of the deans or heads of the private schools
of medical technology, as members (Council of Medical
Technology Education, Its Composition in Section 3, PD. 498). For
every meeting actually attended, the Chairman shall be entitled to
a fifty pesos (P50.OO) per diem while the members Shall be
entitled to twenty-five pesos (P25.OO) each regardless of whether
or not they receive regular salaries from the government.
In addition, the Chairman and members of the Council shall be
entitled to traveling expenses in connection with their official duties
(Compensation and Traveling Expenses of Council Members in
Section 4, P.D. 498).
There is hereby created a Medical Technology Board under the
Professional Regulation Commission, which shall thereafter be
referred to as the Board composed of a Chairman who is a
pathologist, and two (2) members who are registered medical
technologists who shall be appointed by the President of the
Republic Of the Philippines upon recommendation of the
Professional Regulation Commission.
The Chairman and members Of the Board shall hold office for
three (3) years after appointment or until their successors shall
have been appointed and duly qualified: Provided, that the
incumbent members will continue to serve until the expiration of
their terms. In case of death, disability, or removal Of a member of
the Board, his successor shall serve only the balance of his terms
(Medical Technology Board in section 5, PD. 498).
No person shall be appointed a member of the Medical
Technology Board unless be:
3) is a duly registered medical technologist Of the Philippines with
the degree of Bachelor Of Science in Medical
Technology/Bachelor Of Science in Hygiene/Public Health;
5) is not a member of the faculty Of any medical technology school
for at least two (2) years prior to appointment or having any
pecuniary interest direct or indirect in such institution (Qualification
of Examiners in Section 5, P.D. 498).
Sec. 11 xxx
(c) To issue, suspend and revoke certificates of registration for the
practice Of medical technology and medical laboratory technician;
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ALFARAS, RUFULE I MLS 2F
(g) To determine the adequacy of the technical staff of all clinical
laboratories and blood banks before they could be licensed with
the Department of Health in accordance with R.A. NO. 4655 and
1517;
(h) To prescribe the qualification and training of medical
technologist as to special fields of the profession and supervise
their specialty examination conducted by the professional
organization of medical technologists accredited by the
Professional Regulation Commission;
(i) T classify and prescribe the qualification and training of the
technical staff of clinical laboratories as to: Chief Medical
Technologist; Senior Medical Technologist; Medical Technologist
and Medical Laboratory Technician (Subsection (c) of Section 11
amended in Section 6, P.D. 498)
Upon the recommendation of the Medical Technology Board, the
Department of Education and Culture shall approve schools Of
medical technology in accordance with the provisions Of this
Decree. The Professional Regulation Commission upon
recommendation of the Medical Technology Board shall approve
laboratories for accreditation as training laboratories for medical
technology students or post-graduate trainees upon satisfactory
evidence that said laboratories possess qualified personnel and
are properly equipped to carry out laboratory procedures
commonly required in the following fields: bacteriology, serology,
parasitology, hematology, biochemistry and blood banking, and
that the scope of activities of said laboratory offers sufficient
training in said laboratory procedures (Accreditation of Schools of
Medical Technology and of Training Laboratories in Section 13
amended in Section 7, P.D. 498).
Sec. 16. x x x
(b) Has completed a Course of at least four (4) years leading
to the college or university in accordance with this Decree
or having graduated from some other professions and has
been actually performing medical technology for the last
five (5) years prior to the date of the examinations, if such
performance began prior to June 21, 1969 (Subparagraph
(b) of Section 16 amended in Section 8, P.D. 498). The
examination questions shall cover the following subjects
with their respective weights:
Clinical Chemistry 20%
Microbiology & Parasitology 20%
Hematology 20%
Blood Banking & Serology 20%
Clinical Microscopy (urinalysis and Other Body Fluids) 10%
Histopathologic techniques, Cytotechnology, Medical Technology
Laws, Related Laws and their implementing Rules, and the Code
of Ethics 10%
The Board shall prepare the schedule of subjects for examination
and to submit the same to the Commissioner of the Professional
Regulation Commission for publication at least thirty (30) days
before the date of examination. The Board shall compute the
general average of each examinee according to the above-
mentioned relative weights of each subject. Provided, however,
that the Board may change, add to or remove from the list of
 TRANS:RA 5527 MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ACT
subjects or weights above as progress in the science of Medical
Technology may require, subject to the prior approval of the
Professional Regulation Commission, and publication of the
change or amendment at least three (3) months prior to the date of
examination in which the same is to take effect (Section 17
amended in Section 9, PD. 498).
Every applicant who has satisfactorily passed the required
examination for medical technologist shall be issued a certificate of
registration as such. Provided, that no such certificate shall be
issued to any successful applicant who has not attained the age of
twenty-one (21) years. All certificates shall be signed by the
members of the Board and by the Commissioner of the
Professional Regulation Commission.
The duly registered medical technologist shall be required to
display his certificate of registration in the place where he works.
Provided, that upon application filed and the payment of the
required fee of one hundred and fifteen pesos (P115.00) the Board
shall tissue a certificate of registration as medical technologist
without examination persons who have graduated with Bachelor of
Science in Medical Technology/Bachelor of Science in Public
Health in duly recognized in case of the latter, the standard of
medical technology education is substantially the same as ours,
and in addition shall have been in the practice of medical
technology for at least three (3) year prior to the filling of the
application in laboratories in the Philippines duly accredited by the
Bureau of Research and Laboratories, Department of Health, or in
foreign countries if such performance began prior to June 21, 1969
and also to all other persons who having graduated from other
professions have been actually performing medical technology
practice for the last eight (8) years prior to filing of the application;
Provided, that such performance began prior to June 21, 1969.
Provided, further, that the Board shall likewise 15sue a certificate
of registration as medical laboratory technician without
examination to any person who upon application and payment of
the required fee of fifty pesos (P50.00) shows evidence
satisfactory to the Board that:
1. He or she passed the civil service examination
for medical technician on March 2, 1964;
2. Has finished a two-year college course and
has at least one year of experience as medical laboratory
technician; Provided, that for every year of deficiency e
applicant who has at least ten (10) years' experience as
medical laboratory technician as of the date of approval of
this Decree regardless of this academic attainment may
qualify for registration without examination; or
3. Has failed to pass the board examination for
medical technology but had obtained a general rating of
at least 70%. Provided, finally, that a registered medical
laboratory technician when employed in the government
shall have the equivalent civil service eligibility not lower
than second grade (Section 21 amended in Section 10,
PD. 498).
(j) Any person or corporate body who shall allow anyone in his
employ who is not a registered medical technologist/medical
laboratory technician to engage in the practice of medical
technology or recommend for appointment anyone to the position
of medical technologist/medical laboratory technician knowing that
he is not registered as such (Section 29 subparagraph G)
amended in Section 11, P.D. 498).
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All laws, executive orders, decrees, rules and regulations or parts
thereof, inconsistent with the provisions of this Decree are hereby
repealed, amended or modified accordingly (Repealing Clause in
Section 12, P.D. 498)
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 1534
Presidential Decree No. 1534 amended Section 3, Paragraph 3,
Section 8 Subparagraphs (g) and (i) of Section 11 and Section 13
of Republic Act 5527 with Section 12 of Presidential Decree No.
498:
Section 1. Section 3 of Republic Act No. 5527 as amended by
Presidential Decree No. 498 is hereby amended to read as follows:
Sec. 3. Council of Medical Technology Education: Its Composition.
There is hereby established a Council of Medical Technology
Education hereafter referred to as the Council, which shall be
composed of the Director of Higher Education as Chairman; the
Chairman of. the Professional Regulation Commission as Vice
Chairman; and the Director of the Bureau of Research and
Laboratories of the Department of Health, the Chairman and two (2)
members of the Board of Medical Technology, a representative of
the Deans of Schools of Medical Technology and Public Health,
and the Presidents of the Philippine Society of Pathologists and
the Philippine Association of Medical Technologists, as members.
Section 2. Paragraph 3, Section 8 of Republic Act No. 5527 as
amended is hereby amended to read as follows: Sec. 8.
Qualification of Examiners. No person shall be appointed as a
member of the Medical Technology Board unless he or she: . . . is
a qualified Pathologist or a duly registered Medical Technologist of
the Philippines with the degree of Bachelor of Science in Medical
Technology/Bachelor of Science in Hygiene/Public Health;
Section 3. Subparagraphs (g) and (D of Section 11 of Republic
Act No. S527 as amended are hereby repealed.
Section 4. Section 13 of Republic Act No. 5527 as amended is
hereby farther amended to read as follows:
Sec, 13. Accreditation of Schools of Medical Technology and of
Training Laboratories. The Department of Education and Culture
shall approve schools of Medical Technology in accordance with
the provisions of this Act, as amended, in conjunction with the
Board of Medical Technology. The Department of Health through
the Bureau of Research and Laboratories shall approve
laboratories for accreditation as training laboratories for medical
technology students or postgraduate trainees in conjunction with
the Board of Medical Technology. The laboratories shall show
satisfactory evidence that they possess qualified personnel and
are properly equipped to carry out laboratory procedures
commonly required in the following fields: Clinical Chemistry,
Microbiology, Serology, Parasitology, Hematology, Blood Banking,
Clinical Microscopy, and Histopathologic techniques, and that the
scope of activities of said laboratories offers sufficient training in
said laboratory procedures.
Section 5. Section 12 of Presidential Decree No. 498 is hereby
amended to read as follows:
 TRANS:RA 5527 MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ACT
Sec. 12. Repealing Clause. All those Executive Orders, Decrees,
Rules and Regulations, or parts thereof inconsistent with the
provisions of this Decree are hereby repealed, amended or
modified accordingly: Provided, however, that nothing in this
Decree shall be construed as repealing or amending any portion of
the Medical Act of 1959 (Republic Act No. 2382, as amended by
Republic Act No. 1224), the Clinical Laboratory Act of 1966
(Republic Act No. 4688), the Blood Banking Law of 1956 (Republic
Act No. 1517), and the Rules and Regulations issued pursuant to
these laws. Section 6. This Decree shall take effect immediately
Done in the City of Manila, this 1lth day of June, in the year of Our
Lord, nineteen hundred and seventy-eight.
SENATE BILL. 2722
Senate Bill No. 2722 contains the explanatory note of Senator
Edgardo Angara during e Fifteenth Congress about the practice of
medical technologists:
Medical technologists from the Philippines are in high
demand, thus their training education should be on a par
with the rest of the World's medical professionals.
Philippine schools that offer Medical Technology courses
have taken steps to adjust and amend their curriculum in
response to advances and current trends in the medical
world.
Republic Act 5527, otherwise known as The Medical
Technology Act, Was enacted in 1969. The law has
become obsolete and no longer responds to the current
practice of medical technology education. This bill seeks
to create a Board of Medical Technology under the
Professional Regulation Commission (PRC). The said
Board will be headed by a qualified medical technologist.
x x x.
SENATE BILL NO. 2473
Senate Bill No. 2473 covers the explanatory note delivered by
Senator Teofisto Guingona III held in the Sixteenth Congress:
x x x First, a homogenous Professional Regulatory
Board of Medical Technology that is, to be composed of
three (3) Medical Technologists, and chaired by a Medical
Technologist must be created. Being a regulatory body
which ensures the regulation of the practice and
monitoring of the conditions affecting the profession for
the enhancement and maintenance of high professional,
ethical and technical standards and the protection of
interests of members of the profession, it is but
reasonable that this be headed by one who comes from
the same discipline. Other Professional Regulatory
Boards are composed and chaired by members of their
own professions. x x x
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8292
Republic Act No. 8292 consists of 18 sections including an
effectivity clause. The same R.A. includes provisions for uniformity
in the composition and power of the governing boards. It also
covers the manner of appointing the governing boards as well as
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ALFARAS, RUFULE I MLS 2F
the term of office of the president of the chartered state universities
and colleges Republic Act No. 8292 is also known as the Higher
Education Modernization Act of 1997. It contains specific
provisions on enlisting the powers and duties of the governing
boards. The governing boards have the power to promulgate and
implement policies accordance with the state policies on education
and other pertinent provisions in the Philippine Constitution on
education, science and technology, arts, culture and sports as well
as the policies, standards, and thrusts of the CHED under Republic
Act No. 7722 The specific provisions regarding administration such
as the secretary of the colleges universities, the treasurer of the
Philippines, and the administrative und academic councils are also
covered. The remaining provisions include the filing of reports and
separability and effectivity clauses.
Section 4. Powers and Duties of Governing Boards - The
governing board shall have the following specific powers and
duties in addition to its general powers of administration and the
exercise of all the powers granted to the board of directors of a
corporation under Section 36 of Batas Pambanss Blg. 68
otherwise known as the Corporation Code of the Philippines
(a) To enact rules and regulations not contrary to law as may be
necessary to carry out the purposes and functions of the university
or college:
(b) To receive and appropriate all sums as may be provided, for
the support of the university or college in the manner it may
determine. et its discretion, to carry out the purposes and functions
of the university or college
(c) To receive in trust legacies, gifts, and donations of real and
personal properties of all kinds, to administer and dispose the
same when necessary for the benefit of the university or college,
subject to limitations, directions, and instructions of the donors, if
any. Such donations shall be exempt from all taxes and shall be
considered as deductible items from the income tax of the donor:
Provided, however, that the rights. privileges and exemptions
extended by this Act shall likewise be extended to non-stock, non-
profit private universities and colleges: Provided, finally, that the
same privileges shall also be extended ta city colleges and
universities with the approval of the local government unit
concerned and in coordination with the CHED
(d) To fix the tuition fees and other necessary school charges,
such as but not limited to matriculation foes, graduation fees, and
laboratory fees, as their respective boards may deem proper to
impose after due consultations with the involved sectors (Section 4
of R.A. 8292, 2015).
LEGAL ISSUES AND CONCERNS OF R.A. 5527
The legal issues and concerns that should be addressed in the
amendment proceedings of R.A. 5527 and the other Presidential
Decrees are as follows:
1) Inhibition against the medical technology professional
services. Illegal medical technology practices and services should
be properly addressed. All medical technologists performing other
functions which are not within the bounds of their job description
should be treated accordingly. One example is the full-time
employment of medical technologists in more than two clinical
laboratories at the same time.
 TRANS:RA 5527 MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY ACT

2) Acts of omission or negligence and malpractice. Negligence

refers to conduct Jacking in due care. It may be brought about by
too much work and/or accepting work outside office hours.
Malpractice, on the other hand, is improper or unethical conduct of
a professional

3) Absence of a supervising pathologist. Some medical

technologists feel they are deprived of recognition and identity.
However, in reality, medical technologists have long been
recognized in their work. Their duty is to do the laboratory
examination of biological specimen.

4) Issuance and revocation of license certificates of

registration. Due process of law must be observed before
revoking license certificates of registration. It is also necessary to
review the provisions of the law before the issuance or not
issuance of certificates to those who passed or failed the licensure
exam.

5) Biohazard pay extended to practicing medical

technologists. Nat all small clinical laboratories can afford a
biohazard pay. Since medical technologists are prone to infection
while working in the laboratory, the provision of a biohazard pay
should be strictly augmented and reviewed.

6) Legal assistance extended to aggrieved medical

technologists. In case of a criminal, civil, or administrative case, it
is the right of aggrieved medical technologists to secure legal
assistance. They should be given an equal chance to defend
themselves Due process should be afforded to them.

7) Use of techniques by other healthcare practitioners. The

right to learn and execute the phlebotomy technique has been an
issue and concern of some medical technologists against other
healthcare practitioner 8. The claim for ownership. This is also a
contentious issue among medical technologists and other
healthcare practitioners.

8) The claim for ownership. This is also a contentious issue

among medical technologists and other healthcare practitioners.

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GOMEZ, JABERTO, MAMAC, PADREQUIL | MLS2F
1
 PROFESSIONAL REGULATION COMMISSION
Board of Examiners for Medical Technology in
HISTORY
Section 7, R.A. 5527
• Commission was first created as a national government
agency by Presidential Decree (P.D.) No. 223 dated June
22, 1973, signed by then President Ferdinand E. Marcos,
mandated to enforce the laws regulating the various
professions.
• was previously called the Office of the Board of Examiners,
which was created by Republic Act No. 546 on June 17,
1950, under the aegis of the Civil Service Commission.
• became operational on January 4, 1974.
• office was attached to the Office of the President for general
direction and coordination.
• On December 9, 1974, the Implementing Rules and
Regulations of P.D. No. 223 were promulgated, paving the
way for standardization of rules and procedures for the
thirty-three (33) professions then under the CSC.
• A law must be promulgated or made known to all through
an official publication
FUNCTION AND ROLES
• QUASI-JUDICAL
1.) A proceeding conducted by an administrative or
executive official that is similar to a court proceeding,
e.g., a hearing. A court may review a decision arising
from a quasi-judicial proceeding.
2.) A judicial act performed by an official who is either
not a judge or not acting in his or her capacity as a
judge.
• QUASI-LEGISLATIVE
1.) having a partly legislative character by possession
of the right to make rules and regulations having the
force of law
2.) essentially legislative in character but not within the
legislative power or function especially as
constitutionally defined
• EXECUTIVE FUNCTION
Administers, implements, and enforce the laws and
policies with respect to the regulation and licensing of
the various professions and occupations, including the
enhancement and maintenance of professional and
occupational standards and ethics.
COMPOSITION OF THE MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY
BOARD OF EXAMINERS
• The list submitted by the Philippine Association of Medical
Technologists, each one to serve a term of three years.
• Provided, that the first Board to be created one member for
two years and the third member for one year and provided,
further, that the first members of the Board of Examiners for
Medical Technology shall be issued a certificate of
registration as Medical Technologist without prior
examination in accordance with the provisions of this Act.
GOMEZ, JABERTO, MAMAC, PADREQUIL | MLS2F
• There is hereby created a Board of Examiners for
Medical Technology which shall hereafter be referred
to and the Board composed of a chairman who is a
pathologist appointed by the President of the
Philippines from a list submitted by the Philippine
Society of Pathologists and two members who are
registered medical technologists appointed.
• No member shall be allowed more than one
reappointment. The President of the Philippines shall
fill the vacancy that may occur, but the appointee shall
serve only the unexpired term of the incapacitated
member.
QUALIFICATIONS AND COMPENSATION OF THE
MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY BOARD OF EXAMINERS
Chairman Qualifications of Examiners in Section 8,
R.A. 5527
• A Filipino citizen
• Must have a good moral character
• Qualified pathologist or duly Registered Medical
Technologist of the Philippines with the degree of
Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology/Bachelor
of Science in Hygiene
• Has been in the practice of laboratory medicine or
medical technology for at least ten years prior to his
appointment
• Not a member of the faculty of any medical technology
school, or have any pecuniary interest, direct or
indirect, in such situation.
• The Commissioner of Civil Service Shall be the
Executive Officer of the Board and shall conduct the
examinations given by it. The Secretary of the Board of
Examiners appointed in accordance with Section Ten
of Act Numbered Four Thousand Seven, as amended,
shall also be the Secretary of the Board. He shall keep
a register of all persons to whom certificates of
registration have been granted (Executive Officer of
the Board in Section 9, R.A. 5527).
Compensation of the Members of the Board of
Examiners in Section 10, R.A. 5527
• Each member of the Board shall receive a sum of ten
pesos for each applicant examined and five pesos for
each applicant granted a certificate of registration
without examination.
FUNCTIONS AND DUTIES OF THE MEDICAL
TECHNOLOGY BOARD OF EXAMINERS
• Administer the provisions of this act
• Administer oaths in connection with the administration
of this Act
• Issue, suspend and revoke certificates of registration
for the practice of medical technology
2
• Look into conditions affecting the practice of medical
technology in the Philippines
• Investigate such violations of this Act or of the rules and
regulations issued thereunder as may come to the
jurisdiction of the board
• Draft such rules and regulations as may be necessary to
carry out the provisions of this Act.
• Any member of the Board may be removed by the President
of the Philippines for neglect of duty, incompetency,
malpractice or unprofessional, unethical, immoral, or
dishonorable conduct after having been given opportunity
to defend himself in a proper administrative investigation.
(Removal of Board Members in Section 12, R.A. 5527).
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 223
• Created by a three-man Commission to be known as
Professional Regulation Commission which shall be
attached to the Office of the President for general direction
and coordination.
What are those three-man Commission? How long
will they serve in the Commission?
• ONE full-time Commissioner (Head)- 9 years without
reappointment to start the time when they assume office
• TWO full-time Associate Commissioners
- 1 full-time Associate Commissioners - 6 years
- 1 full-time Associate Commissioners - 3 years
What if there are vacancy for those unexpired term?
• It shall be filled with the MOST SENIOR of the Associate
Commissioners succeeding the Commissioner at the
expiration of his term.
No person shall be appointed chairman or member of the
Commission UNLESS:
• He is at 40 years of age
• Familiar with the Principles and methods of Professional
Regulation
• Licensing
• Has at least 5 years of EXECUTIVE OR MANAGERIAL
EXPERIENCE.
THE POWERS OF THE COMMISSION
• To administer, implement and enforce the regulatory
policies of the national government
• To perform any and all acts,
• Make such rules and regulations,
• Implementations of its functions, and
• Improvement of its services.
• To review, coordinate, integrate and approve the policies,
resolutions, rules and regulations, orders or decisions
promulgated by the various Boards, including the results of
their licensure examination
• To administer and conduct the licensure examinations of
the various Boards
• Determine and fix the places and dates of the examinations
• Appoint supervisors and room examiners, who shall be
entitled to a daily allowance not less than 10 pesos for every
GOMEZ, JABERTO, MAMAC, PADREQUIL | MLS2F
examination day attended
• Use the building and facilities of public and private
schools—for examination purposes
• Approve the release of examination results
• To keep and maintain a register of authorized practitioners
of the profession or occupation
• Issue certificates of registration or licenses signed by all
members of the Board and the Commissioner with the
OFFICIAL SEAL OF THE BOARD AFFIXED
• To have the custody of all the records of the various Boards
• Examination papers
• Minutes of deliberation
• Records of administrative cases and investigations
• Examination results
• To determine, fix and collect the amount charged for
• Examination
• Registration
• Registration without examination
• Licenses
• Annual registration fees
• Certifications
• Surcharges
• Other fees not specified under the Provisions of
Republic Act No. 6511.
• To appoint, subject to the provisions of existing laws,
officials and employees of the Commission that are
necessary to the effective performance of its functions and
responsibilities
• To organize or reorganize the structure of the Commission,
PROVIDED that such changes shall not affect the
employment status of the incumbents, reduce their ranks or
salaries nor separating them from the services
• Create or abolish positions
• Change the designations of existing positions
• To submit and recommend to the President of the
Philippines any nominees for appointment as members of
the various Boards to fill the existing or probable vacancies.
• The Commission may, upon the recommendation of the
Board concerned approved the registration of and authorize
the issuance of a certificate of registration with or without
examination to a foreigner who is registered under the laws
of his country.
• Provided, that the said foreign state or country has the
same requirement for registration or licensing as
required in the Philippines also that such foreign state
and country allow the citizen of the Philippines to
practice his/her profession in the same state of basis
and privileged as the subject of the foreign state or
country
• Provided, that the applicant shall submit COMPETENT
and CONCLUSIVE documentary evidence, confirmed
by the Department of Foreign Affairs.
• The Commission is authorized to prescribe additional
requirements or grant certain privileges to foreigners.
• The Commission shall have general supervisions over
foreign nationals who are authorized to practice their
profession TEMPORARILY in the Philippines to see over
their terms and conditions for employment are strictly
observed and adhered to:
• To prescribe or revise, in conjunction with the Board
concerned and the Secretary of Education and Culture
3
 or his authorize representative, Collegiate Courses the
completion of graduation which is a prerequisite for the
admission into practice of the profession
• To exercise general supervision over the members of
the various Boards.
• To promulgate such rules and regulations that are
necessary to effectively implement policies with
respect to the regulation and practice of the
professions.
• To perform other functions and duties that may be
necessary to carry out effectively the various
provisions of professional regulatory laws, decrees, or
orders.
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 657
• Presidential Decree No. 657 amended Section 3 of
Paragraph (j) of Section 5 of P.D. 223 on the creation of the
Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) and which
prescribes its powers and functions. Hence, Paragraph (j)
of Section 5 provides the necessary changes:
• Authorizing the Commission to approve the registration
of issuance of certificate to a foreigner
• Provided, that the Commission may, upon
recommendation of the Board concerned and
approval of the President, authorize the
issuance of a certificate registration without
examination or a temporary special permit to
practice the profession to any foreigner
regardless of whether or not reciprocity exists
in the practice of his profession between his
country and the Philippines
• If such foreigner is internationally known to be
an outstanding expert in his chosen
profession or a well-known specialist in any of
its branches, and that his services are
urgently necessary either for lack or
inadequacy of local experts or if his services
will promote the advancement of the
profession in the Philippines.
• The Commission is also hereby authorized to prescribe
additional requirements or grant certain privileges to
foreigners seeking registration in the Philippines if the same
privileges are granted to or same additional requirements
are required of citizens of the Philippines in acquiring the
same certificates in his country.
EXECUTIVE ORDER 200
• Institutionalized the Partial Computerization of the
Licensure Examination
• The CPA licensure examination were piloted using
computerized application forms.
• 1993, full implementation of computerized examination.
• 15 professions were made through the use of test
question databank and Optical Mark Reader for the
checking of papers.
• SECTION 1. The Professional Regulation Commission
shall undertake measures toward the full computerization of
the licensure examinations.
• SECTION 2. The Professional Regulation Commission, in
coordination with the various Professional Regulatory
Boards, shall issue the necessary guidelines to implement
the full computerization of licensure examinations to cover
GOMEZ, JABERTO, MAMAC, PADREQUIL | MLS2F
the following matters:
• Examination Objective, Standards, and Nature
• Establishment and Operation of a Computerized Test
Bank
• Correction of Test Papers and Grading, Deliberating,
Decoding, and Release of Test Results through
Computers
• SECTION 3. This Executive Order shall take effect
immediately.
PRC RESULTATION NO. 11 SERIES 2011
• Prescribes guidelines for the registration of the medical
laboratory technicians under section 21 of Medical
technology act of 1969
• Following guidelines on the registration medical
technologist technicians w/o examination:
• Policy Guidelines
• Procedure & Requirements
RA 8981
• Section 1. Title: “PRC modernization act of 2000”
• Section 2. Statement policy
• The important role of professionals in nation-building and,
towards the end, promotes the sustained development of
a reservoir of professionals.
• Section 3. Professional Regulation Commission:
• Hereby created a three-man commission to be known as
professional regulation commission.
• Section 4. Composition
• The Commission shall be headed by
• one full-time Chairperson
• two full-time Commissioners
• Section 5. Exercise of Powers and Functions of the
Commission
• Section 6. Compensation and Other Benefits
• Section 7. Powers, Functions and Responsibilities of the
Commission
• Section 8. Regional Offices
• Section 9. Powers, Functions and Responsibilities of the
Various Professional Regulatory Boards
• Section 10. Compensation of the Members of the
Professional Regulatory Boards
• Section 11. Person to Teach Subjects for Licensure
Examination on all Professions
• Section 12. Assistance of Law Enforcement Agency
• Section 13. Appropriations
• Section 14. Authority to Use Income
• Section 15. Penalties for Manipulation and Other Corrupt
Practices in the Conduct of Professional Examinations
• Section 16. Penalties for Violation of Section 7
• Section 17. Implementing Rules and Regulations
• Section 18. Transitory Provisions
• Section 19. Separability Clause
• Section 20. Repealing Clause
• Section 21. Effectivity
ADMINISTRATIVE INVESTIGATION OF THE PRC
• Investigation must be conducted by at least 2 members of
the Board with 1 legal officer sitting during all administrative
proceedings, the respondents shall be entitled to be
represented by counsel or be heard in person, to confront
4
 and cross-examine witnesses against him or her, and to all
other rights guaranteed by the Constitution.
• The Board may revoke or suspend a certificate of
registration for violating the section 29 of R.A. 5527 or for
unprofessional conduct, malpractice, incompetency, or
serious ignorance or gross negligence.
• No penalty of revocation shall be imposed UNLESS there
is a unanimous vote of all the three.
• The medical technologist shall be required to surrender his
certificate of registration within thirty days after the decision
becomes final, under the pain of perpetual disqualification
from the practice of medical technology in the Philippines
for inexcusable failure to do so. The suspension shall run
from the date of such surrender.
• Appeal
• The revocation or suspension of a certificate made by
the Board shall be subject to appeal to the Civil
Service Commissioner whose decision shall become
final, thirty days after its promulgation, UNLESS the
respondent within the same period has appealed to
the office of the President of the Philippines.
REVOCATION, SUSPENSION, AND REISSUE OF
PRC CERTIFICATE
• The Board may, upon application and for reason deemed
proper and sufficient, reissue any revoked registration
certificate. The suspension of a certificate shall be re-issued
to the medical technologist concerned upon request without
prejudice to further actions by the Board for violation of the
provisions of this Act or conditions imposed by the Board
upon the medical technologist during the period of
suspension.
INHIBITION AGAINST THE MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY
PRACTICE
• No person shall practice or offer to practice medical
technology as defined in this Act without having previously
obtained a valid certificate of registration from the Board
provided that registration shall not be required of the
following:
• Duly registered physicians.
• Medical technologists from other countries called in for
consultant or as visiting or exchange professor to
colleges or universities: Provided, that they are only
practicing the said function.
• Medical technologists in the service of the United
States Armed Forces stationed in the Philippines
rendering services such as for members of the said
forces only (Inhibition against the Practice of Medical
Technology in Section 14, R.A. 5527).
CONTINUING PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION
• Executive Order No. 266
• Executive Order No. 266 institutionalized the
Continuing Professional Education (CPE) programs of
the various Professional Regulatory Boards (PRBs)
under the suspension of the PRC. The same Executive
Order consists of 5 sections including the effectivity
clause. It took effect on July 25, 1995.

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 TRANS: LAWS

GOMEZ, JABERTO, MAMAC, PADREQUIL | MLS2F 6

 THE PHILIPPINE BLOOD BANK LAW
Introduction
• Blood is viewed as a life-giving fluid that runs through a
person's body. It can also be considered as a life-saving
component whose value is markedly manifested whenever
persons undergo a surgical procedure because of severe
infection or a major accident trauma. Hence, the utilization,
transfer, and processing of blood in the Philippines are
regulated by two important laws: Republic Act No. 7719
(National Blood Services Set of 1994) and Republic Act No.
1517 (Regulating the Collection, Processing and Sale of
Human Blood, and the Establishment and Operation of
Blood Banks and Blood Processing Laboratories).
Furthermore, the Philippine National Red Cross (PNRC) and
the Philippine Blood Coordinating Council (PBCC) are the
two primary agencies in the country that facilitate blood
donation and education. Both have been effective in the
campaign to encourage Filipinos to donate blood to maintain
an adequate supply of blood transfusion. This chapter
details the history of blood banks, their removal, and the
establishment of a centralized blood distribution system
through the Philippine National Cross.
Keywords
• Blood bag. A bag that contains blood or its constituent
samples and its anticoagulants.
• Blood bank. A section in a clinical laboratory that performs
cross-matching, blood typing, and other related specific test
procedures.
• Blood transfusion. The transfer of compatible blood to a
patient to replace lost blood or a constituent deficiencies.
• Blood typing. A test procedure in blood banking that
indicates the specific blood type of an individual
• Commercial blood bank in the Philippines. A blood bank that
was established to support the growing need for blood bank
outlets in the Philippines
• Cross-matching. A test procedure usually performed to look
into the compatibility of the blood of the donor and the
recipient prior to transfusion
• Philippine Blood Coordinating Council. A group or
organization that manages, monitors, and coordinates the
need for blood donors Philippine National Red Cross. A well-
organized group that provides assistance for blood donation
and other related activities.
• Republic Act No. 1517. An act that mandates the collection,
processing, and sale of blood Republic Act No. 7719. The
National Services Act of 1994.
BLOOD BANK COUNCILS OR AGENCIES
PHILIPPINE RED CROSS
- Established in the country on February 17, 1899.
- Mrs. Hilario del Rosario de Aguinaldo was elected as
president of the association.
- August 1900, the Filipino Red Cross Society was
recognized during the Filipino-American War.
OMBING | MLS 2F
- After the war, the Red Cross (which became a branch
of the American National Red Cross) was organized by
Filipino and American leaders at the Ayuntamiento.
- In 1934, President Manuel L. Quezon initiated the
establishment of an independent Philippine Red Cross.
- Dr. Horacio Yanzon was considered the first Filipino
Red Cross manager since its establishment during the
Commonwealth period.
- On March 22, 1947, President Manuel Roxas signed
Republic Act No. 95, the Philippine Red Cross (PRC)
Charter, and appointed Mrs. Aurora Aragon Quezon as
chairman.
- The Philippine Red Cross celebrated its 50th
anniversary on April 15, 1997.
- Former President Gloria Macapagal Arroyo signed
Republic Act No. 10072 or the Philippine Red Cross
Act of 2009 in conformity with the Geneva Convention
of 1949
PHILIPPINE BLOOD COORDINATING COUNCIL
(PBCC)
PBCC primary exist for seven reasons:
1. to disseminate correct information to the public regarding the
benefits and advantages of voluntary blood donation;
2. to motivate different sectors of the society to donate blood
voluntarily,
3. to educate medical and paramedical personnel regarding
the proper utilization of blood;
4. to promote the use of blood component therapy to utilize
blood to the fullest; 5. to improve blood banking procedures
and policies,
6. to promote the interchange of concepts and experiences in
blood donation and transfusion; and
7. to foster participation in international activities in blood
banking and transfusion
• In May 1994, Republic Act No. 7719 or the National
Blood Services Act was approved.
THE EMERGENCE AND CLOSURE OF COMMERCIAL
BLOOD BANKS IN THE PHILIPPINES
• July 17, 1948 the Philippine National Red Cross
launched National Blood Program.
• The country's supply of blood for transfusion was low,
as a result, commercial blood banks were established.
• Issues and controversies surrounded the
establishment of commercial blood banks. Because of
these problems, the government passed R.A. No. 7719
which ordered the closure of commercial blood banks
in the country.
1
 TRANS: The Philippine Blood Bank Law
PERTINENT LAWS ON BLOOD BANKING
Provision of Republic Act No. 1517
• Republic Act N0. 1517 is otherwise known as “An Act
Regulating the Collection, Processing, and Sale of Human
Blood and Establishment and Operation of Blood Banks
and Blood Processing Laboratories.”
• Approved on June 16, 1956
• Section 1 –
In order to promote public health, it is declared a national
policy to prevent trafficking in human blood and its
products and derivatives
• Section 2 –
"Blood" means human blood, processed or unprocessed,
and includes its products and derivatives.
"Person" includes corporations, partnerships,
associations, and organizations.
"Cost" means the actual purchase price of unprocessed
blood and its handling charges
• Section 3 –
It shall be the unlawful for any person to establish or
operate a blood bank or blood processing laboratory, or
to collect or process blood if he is not a licensed
physician, or to sell blood collected from another person
• Section 4 –
Blood banks and processing laboratories shall be
operated on a non-profit basis. Blood collecting or
processing by other blood collectors or processors or by
individual physicians shall also be on a non-profit basis.
• Section 5 –
The Secretary of Health is charged with the responsibility
of strictly enforcing this Act, and shall issue such rules
and regulations as may be necessary to carry out its
provisions.
• Section 6 –
Any person who violates any provision of this Act or of
the rules and regulations issued thereunder shall be
punished by imprisonment for not less than one month
and not more than one year or by a fine of not less than
one hundred pesos and not more than one thousand
pesos or by both such fine and imprisonment in the
discretion of the court.
• Section 7 –
This Act shall take effect upon its approval.
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ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 156, s. 1971
• covers the revised rules and regulations governing the
processing and sale of human blood and the
establishment of blood banks and blood processing
laboratories.
• Provisions on its scope and rationale, definition of terms,
basic license requirements, application for license or
permit to operate, required fees, terms and conditions of
securing a license to operate, and requirements such as
personnel, equipment, facilities, and other resources.
LETTER OF INSTRUCTION NO. 42
• Addressed to the Secretary of the Department of Health
in Manila.
- In view of the reported trafficking of human blood
in hospitals, clinics, blood banks, and like
establishment despite the Presidential directive,
dated March 23, 1972, regarding the strict
implementation of the provisions of Republic Act
No. 1571
ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 184, s. 1972
• Govern the collection, processing, and sale of human
blood as well as the establishment and operation of blood
banks and processing laboratories.
• Formulated pursuant to Letter of Instruction No. 42 dated
November 28, 1972.
• In Section 5, human blood should not be the subject for
public bidding but should be procured only from licensed
blood banks at a cost.
ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 242, s. 1975
• Costs of Blood Types ABO
• Amends Section 5 of Administrative Order No. 184, s.
1972
• The cost of Blood types “A”, “B”, and “O”. = P55.00 per
500cc (500ml)
• Additional P5.00 for plastic bag
• A charge of P25.00 for additional tests
• The donor is given P50.00 as an honorarium covering
his/her meals, transportation and other expenses.
ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 291, s.1976
• Amends Section 7 and Section 13 Subsection (a) of
Administrative Order No. 157, s. 1971
• In section 7, the Physician is allowed to operate and
manage a blood bank provided that he/she is registered
with the Board of Medical Examiner to practice medical
profession in the Philippines.
2
 TRANS: The Philippine Blood Bank Law

• In section 13, Subsection (a). The requirements of blood

bank and Blood processing laboratory must be carried
out by a registered and qualified physician who is only Primary Provisions
allowed to manage ONLY 2 Blood Banks.
• Covers all aspects regarding the formulation of the title,
• All Medical Technologist and Medical Technicians must
declaration of policy, and definition of terms.
be registered. Also, The Registered Medical Technologist
• This act shall be also known as the “National Blood
must hire 20 blood donors and another Registered
Services Act of 1994”
Medical Technologist for next 20 blood extractions per
• In order to promote public health, it is hereby declared
day.
the policy of the state.

ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 293, s.1976 a) to promote and encourage VOLUNTARY blood
donation by the citizenry and to instill public
• Contains supplementary provisions on the collection, consciousness of the principle that blood
processing, and sale of human blood and the donation is a humanitarian act.
establishment of a blood bank and a blood processing b) to lay down the legal principle that the provision
laboratory. of blood for transfusion is a professional medical
service and not a sale of a commodity.
c) to provide for adequate, safe, affordable and
PENALTIES FROM THE REVISED PENAL CODE OF equitable distribution of supply of blood and
THE PHILIPPINES blood products.
d) to inform the public of the need for voluntary
• Any person/s who shall be responsible for the above
blood donation to curb the hazards caused by
violation shall suffer the penalty of imprisonment of not
the commercial sale of blood.
less than 12 years and 1 day nor more than 20 years or a
e) to teach the benefits and rationale of voluntary
fine of not less than P50,000.00 nor more than
blood donation in the existing health subjects of
P500,000.00 or both at the discretion of the competent
the formal education system in all public and
court.
private schools, in the elementary, high school
• The Secretary, after due notice and hearing, may impose
and college levels as well as the non-formal
administrative sanctions such as, but not limited to fines, education system.
suspension or revocation of license to operate a blood f) to mobilize all sectors of the community to
bank/center and to recommend the suspension or participate in mechanisms for voluntary and
revocation of the license to practice the profession when non-profit collection of blood.
applicable. g) to mandate the Department of Health to
establish and organize a National Blood
LEGAL ISSUES AND CONCERNS Transfusion Service Network in order to
rationalize and improve the provision of
• Based on certain observations on several blood bank adequate and safe supply of blood.
outlets, independent or within hospitals. h) to provide for adequate assistance to institutions
promoting voluntary blood donation and
1. Imposing the policy of having a blood donor if providing non-profit blood services, either
the patient is in need of blood supply. through a system of reimbursement for costs
2. Whether nurses should carry out phlebotomy from patients who can afford to pay, or
procedure donations from governmental and non-
3. Legality of selling Blood bags governmental entities.
i) to require all blood collection units and blood
banks/ centers to operate on a non-profit basis.
NATIONAL BLOOD SERVICES ACT j) to establish scientific and professional standards
for the operation of blood collection units and
blood banks/centers in the Philippines.
Provisions of Republic Act No. 7719 k) to regulate and ensure the safety of all activities
related to the collection, storage and banking of
• “AN ACT PROMOTING VOLUNTARY BLOOD blood; and
DONATION, PROVIDING FOR AN ADEQUATE l) to require upgrading of blood banks/centers to
SUPPLY OF SAFE BLOOD, REGULATING BLOOD include preventive services and education to
BANKS, AND PROVIDING PENALTIES FOR control spread of blood transfusion transmissible
VIOLATION THEREOF” diseases.
• Has 3 main parts (primary, functional, and concluding
provisions.)

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 TRANS: The Philippine Blood Bank Law
• Terms that must be familiarized for the purpose of this
act
a) Blood/blood product - refers to human blood,
processed or unprocessed and includes blood
components, its products and derivatives.
b) Blood bank/center - a laboratory or institution
with the capability to recruit and screen blood
donors, collect, process, store, transport and
issue blood for transfusion and provide
information and/or education on blood
transfusion transmissible diseases.
c) Commercial blood bank - a blood bank that
exists for profit.
d) Hospital-based blood bank - a blood bank
which is located within the premises of a hospital
and which can perform compatibility testing of
blood.
e) Blood collection unit - an institution or facility
duly authorized by the Department of Health to
recruit and screen donors and collect blood.
f) Voluntary blood donor - one who donates blood
on one's own volition or initiative and without
monetary compensation.
g) Department - the Department of Health.
h) Blood transfusion transmissible diseases -
diseases which may be transmitted as a result of
blood transfusion, including AIDS, Hepatitis-B,
Malaria and Syphilis.
i) Secretary of Health - the Secretary of Health or
any other person to whom the Secretary
delegates the responsibility of carrying out the
provisions of this Act; and
j) Walking Blood Donor - an individual included in
the list of qualified voluntary blood donors
referred to in Section 4, paragraph (e), who is
ready to donate blood when needed in his/ her
community.
Functional Provisions
• Functional provisions are limited to orders on the voluntary
donation of blood, phase-out commercial blood banks,
rules and regulations on blood bank services, importations
of blood bank equipment, and penalties associated with
blood bank provisions violation.
• Voluntary blood donation shall be promoted through the
following:
a) PUBLIC EDUCATION- Through an organized
and sustained nationwide public education
campaign by the Department, the Philippine
National Red Cross (PNRC) and the Philippine
Blood Coordinating Council (PBCC), as the lead
agencies, other government agencies, local
government units (particularly the barangays),
non-government organizations, all medical
organizations, all public and private hospitals, all
health and health-related institutions, print and
broadcast media as well other sectors.
OMBING | MLS 2F
b) PROMOTION IN SCHOOL- Voluntary blood
donation shall be included and given emphasis
in health subjects in school. (Both public and
private from elementary to college level)
c) PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION- The
Department, the Philippine Blood Coordinating
Council (PBCC), Philippine Society of
Pathologist (PSP), the Philippine Medical
Association (PMA), the Philippine Association of
Medical Technologist (PAMET), and the
Philippine Nursing Association (PNA) are
encouraged to conduct for their respective
members and as part of the continuing medical
education trainings on the rational use of blood
and blood products including the merits of
voluntary blood donation.
d) ESTABLISHMENT OF BLOOD SERVICES
NETWORK- Blood centers shall be established
in every province and city nationwide within the
framework of a National Blood Transfusion
Service Network spearheaded by the
Department in coordination with Philippine
National Red Cross (PNRC).
e) WALKING BLOOD DONORS- In areas where
there may be inadequate blood banking
facilities, the walking blood donor concept shall
be encouraged and all government hospitals,
rural-health units, health centers and barangays
in this area shall be required to always keep a
list of qualified voluntary blood donors with their
blood typing.
• The Department, in cooperation with the (PNRC) and the
(PBCC) and other government and non-government
organizations shall plan and implement a National
Voluntary Blood Services Program (NVBSP) to meet the
needs for blood transfusion in all regions of the country.
• The funds shall be provided for the Government through
the budgetary allocation of the Department, by the
(PCSO), (PAGCOR), Duty Free Philippines with an initial
amount of Twenty-five million pesos each and through
contribution of other agencies.
• All blood bank/centers shall provide preventive health
services such as education and counseling on blood
transfusion transmissible diseases.
• All government hospitals shall be required to establish
voluntary blood donation programs and private hospitals
is encouraged to establish voluntary blood donation
programs.
• The Department shall establish guidelines for the rational
use of blood and blood products.
• All commercial blood banks shall be phased-out over a
period of 2 years after the effectivity of this act (Phase-out
of commercial Blood Banks in Section 7, R.A 7719).
• All blood bank/centers shall operate on a non-profit basis.
But they may collect service fees. Blood shall be collected
from healthy voluntary donors only (Non-profit Operation
in Section 8, R.A 7719).
4
 TRANS: The Philippine Blood Bank Law
• It shall be unlawful for someone to establish and operate
blood bank/center unless it is registered and issued a
license to operate by the Department. In case of
emergencies, blood collection and transfusion under the
responsibility of the attending physician shall be allowed in
hospitals without license under certain conditions
prescribed by the department. No license shall be granted
or renewed by the Department as long as it complies to
the standards prescribed by the Department. (Regulation
of Blood Services in Section 9, R.A 7719).
• Upon the effectivity of R.A 7719, blood bags and reagents
used for the screening and testing of donors, collecting
and processing, and storage of blood shall be imported tax
and duty-free by the Philippine National Red Cross, blood
banks and hospitals participating actively in the National
Voluntary Blood Services Program. (Importation of Blood
Bank Equipment, Blood Bags and Reagents in Section 10,
R.A 7719).
• The implementation of the provisions of this Act shall be in
accordance with the rules and regulations to be
promulgated by the Secretary, within 60 days from
approval. The existing Revised Rules and Regulations
Governing the Collection Processing and Provision of
Human Blood and Establishment and Operation of Blood
Banks shall remain in force unless amended or revised.
(Rules and Regulations in Section 11, R.A 7719).
• Upon complaint of any person and after due notice and
hearing, any blood bank/center which shall collect charges
and fees more than the maximum prescribed by the
Department shall have their license suspended or revoked
(Penalties in Section 12, R.A 7719)
Concluding Provisions
• These provisions focus on the separability clause and
repealing clauses.
• If any provisions of this Act are declared invalid, the other
provisions hereof not affected thereby shall remain in force
and effect (Separability Clause in Section 13, R.A 7719).
• This act shall supersede Republic Act No. 1517 entitled”
Blood Bank Act.” The provision of any law, executive
order, presidential decree or other issuances inconsistent
with this act are hereby repealed or modified accordingly
(Repealing Clause in Section 14, R.A. 7719).
ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 09, s.1995
• Administrative Order No. 09, s. 1995 is otherwise known
as the “Rules and Regulations Implementing R.A 7719”
(also known as National Blood Services Act of 1994), took
effect on May 12,1995
• It consists of 9 chapters:
CHAPTER 1: covers the designated name of Order,
scope, and definition of terms
CHAPTER 2: titled” National Voluntary Blood Services
Program”
OMBING | MLS 2F
CHAPTER 3: covers voluntary blood donation and the
composition, function, training, and technical assistance
of the program.
CHAPTER 4: discusses the abolishment of blood
services and networking involving blood donor
recruitment.
CHAPTER 5: lays down the provisions on upgrading the
services and facilitates through the monitoring and
evaluation of subcommittees by defining first their
compositions and functions.
CHAPTER 6: provides options to commercial blood
banks, although a policy of phasing out commercial blood
banks has been made, to solely clinical laboratories for
the purpose of security of tenure of the personnel.
CHAPTER 7: concerned with the provision of a non-profit
operation of blood bank services, but service fees may
be charged in accordance with what has been prescribed
by the department.
CHAPTER 8: contains provisions on blood bank services
including the facilities, creation of blood bank centers,
categories of blood bank service capabilities, blood
connection units, and blood stations.
CHAPTER 9: presents the provisions on the importation
of blood bank service equipment and facilities including
the inspection of tax exemption application. Also,
concerned with penalties and violations of this
Administrative Order.
BLOOD DONOR RECRUITMENT
• The Department shall adopt a system of procedures or
programs to promote blood donor recruitment and ensure
the increase in the number and retention of voluntary
blood donors as follows:
1. The Department shall coordinate with heads of
agencies, institutions, offices, organizations,
business, establishment and communities, be they
government or non-government, and encourage them
to actively participate in donor recruitment in order to
secure commitments to regular blood donations in
their particularly designated blood services.
2. The Department in collaboration with the Philippine
National Red Cross shall be the lead agency in the
celebration of the Blood Donor’s week which will be
held annually on the second week of July. During the
Blood Donor’s Week, the Department, in coordination
with other agencies, shall adopt a program or system
of awards, rites, ceremonies or activities in special
recognition of the voluntary blood donors
3. The Department shall coordinate the
professionalization of voluntary blood donors, health
educators and donor recruiters through training
activities
5
 TRANS: The Philippine Blood Bank Law

4. 4. The Department shall encourage and convince local

government units to pass ordinances or resolutions
that will promote the walking blood donor concept such
as, but not limited to the mandatory keeping of a list of
qualified voluntary blood donors in the government
hospitals, rural health units, health centers and
barangays and the conduct of mass blood typing
activities in areas where there are no adequate blood
services facilities.

ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 17, s.1998

• It is an amendment of Administrative Order No. 09, s.
1998. Such amendment pertains only to the issuance
of cellular phones and pagers to qualified personnel
such as the DOH Central Office and coordinators of
the program. All monthly rental fees arising from the
use of cellular phones and pagers are chargeable to
the program.

ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 2005-002

• It contains rules and regulations amending pertinent
provisions of Administrative Order No. 09, s. 1995. It
contains 24 sections including provisions on the
rationale (declaring the policies of the State) of the
establishment of Philippine National Blood Services
on January of 2005; scope and coverage of blood
bank services and definition of terms (Section 2 and
3, respectively); promulgating rules and regulations
concerning the structural organization and
management of Philippine National Blood Services
and general guidelines that should be observed by
the personnel of the Department (Sections 4 and 5,
respectively); and operationalization and
management of the Philippine National Blood
Services including its staffing and equipment (Section
6). The remaining sections cover the separability and
effectivity clauses.

ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 2008-0008-A

• It ensures accredited blood services facilities with
adequate staff and personnel, equipment, and other
resources in order to perform all the functions
effectively, safely and efficiently for the protection and
promotion of health of the people. Contained in this
Order are provisions on policy and guidelines for the
blood services facility (including the classification of
blood service facility into ownership, institution
character, and service capability); provisions on
standards and technical requirements ( covering the
service fees, application to “License to operate”) and
procedural guidelines of “License to operate”,
including inspection, issuance of license, renewal,
revocation, monitoring, re-application, validity and
violations. The remaining sections cover provisions on
investigation procedures in case of violations, appeal,
and suspension of license, closure and effectivity
clause.

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 TRANS: The Philippine Aids Prevention and Control Act of 1988

Introduction
• The human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is a constant
threat in the global public health setting. In the Philippines,
the cases in the past years have risen alarmingly so much
so that the government, through the Department of Health,
provided programs in public awareness and screening tests
to stop the rise of new cases every day. Despite the
preventive measure, the Philippine is one of the seven
countries globally where AIDS cases have spike to 25% from
2001 to 2009.

Keywords
• Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) – a
syndrome experienced by a patient infected with HIV.
• CD4 cell- the T- helper cell.
• Human immunodeficiency virus- a single stranded RNA
belonging to the family Retroviridae. Structure of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus
• Modes of transmission- routes of entry into the body of the
host. • Gp120 and Gp41 - the important glycoproteins located on
• Opportunistic organisms- organism that a host harbors the surface of the viral wall and are responsible for point
and which can cause the onset of a disease when the body’s attachment to target cells.
immune system is weak.
• Philippine National Aids Council- an organization that
provides assistance to persons with AIDS. TRANSMISSION AND SYMPTOMS OF AIDS
• Progression to AIDS- the development of the different
stages of AIDS • HIV is considered a fragile virus meaning cannot survive
• Republic Act No. 8504- an act that protects the outside the host cell.
confidentiality of a person living with someone who has
AIDS. • Viral load in the body secretion such as semen, vaginal
fluid, blood, and breast milk are considered high and
transmitted to another person through direct contact.
HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV)
• A single stranded, enveloped RNA that belongs to a family • Tears, sweat, feces, and urine are the other secretions that
of virus called retroviruses. the amount of viral load is not enough to cause infection.

• It is the cause of unique disorder known as acquired
immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS) which lowers the
immune response of the body toward off diseases.
• Considered an obligate intracellular parasite that infects a
specific type of cell call CD4 cell commonly known as the
T-helper cells.
3 enzyme of the virus that uses to infect the healthy
cell inside the body:
• Reverse Transcriptase – used for the virus transcription of
RNA to DNA inside the cell.
• Integrase – an enzyme that the virus utilizes to penetrate
the target cell in the body.
• The most common transmission of HIV is through sexual
contact or unprotected sexual intercourse.
Other possible causes of transmission:
• Sharing of needles by drug addicts
• Blood transfusion of infected blood products
• Accidental skin puncture
• only account for small portion of population of people with HIV
HIV is not transmitted through any of the following:
• Hugging and massage
• Masturbation
• Dry kissing
• Daily living with someone with HIV (as long as there is no
intimate contact)

• Protease – responsible for the maturation of the virus inside

the target cells.

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 TRANS: The Philippine Aids Prevention and Control Act of 1988

STAGES OF AIDS
AIDS COUNCIL AND AGENCY
Early Stage
Philippine National Aids Council (PNAC)
• During this period which runs within 2-4weeks after the
initial infection, some patients experience what they • December 1992, Executive Order No. 39
describe as the “worst flu ever” a.k.a. acute retroviral • To advise the government on the development of policies
syndrome (ARS). to prevent and control HIV/AIDS
Symptoms:
• High fever Key function:
• Lymphadenopathy syndrome (swollen glands)
• Secure from government agencies concerned
• Rash
recommendations on how their respective agencies could
• Fatigue
operationalize specific provisions of this Act. The Council
• Headache shall integrate and coordinate such recommendations and
o These symptoms do not conclusively mean that a person
has HIV, it is the best to undergo blood screening tests to issue implementing rules and regulations of this Act. The
provide a definitive diagnosis. Council shall likewise ensure that there is adequate
coverage of the following:
Latency Stage o The institution of a nationwide HIV/AIDS information
and education program;
• During this stage, the virus replicates in the host’s body o The establishment of a comprehensive HIV/AIDS
slowly. Although this condition is detectable through monitoring system;
serologic testing, the patient may experience symptoms of o The issuance of guidelines on medical and other
varying degrees. practices and procedures that carry the risk of HIV
o The person starts feeling better and has no detectable transmission;
symptoms that can be observed o The provision of accessible and affordable HIV testing
and counselling services to those who are in need of it;
Progression to AIDS o The provision of acceptable health and support
services for persons with HIV/AIDS in hospitals and in
• A person with HIV who has not undergone medication will
communities;
progress to having a condition called acquired immune
o The protection and promotion of the rights of
deficiency syndrome (AIDS). AIDS considered the final individuals with HIV; and
stage of a person infected with HIV. o The strict observance of medical confidentiality.
o The person’s immune system in this stage is weak due to
decrease of CD4 cell and cannot fight off serious infection
and illness. • Monitor the implementation of the rules and regulations of
Symptoms: this Act, issue or cause the issuance of orders or make
• Rapid weight loss recommendations to the implementing agencies as the
• Recurring fever or profuse night sweats Council considers appropriate;
• Extreme and unexplained tiredness
• Diarrhea lasting for month • Develop a comprehensive long-term national HIV/AIDS
• Pneumonia prevention and control program and monitor its
implementation;
• Memory loss, depression, and other neurologic disorders
• Sores in the mouth, anus, or genitals
o The symptoms enumerated are accompanied by • Coordinate the activities of and strengthen working
opportunistic diseases most commonly affecting the relationships between government and non-government
respiratory tract. agencies involved in the campaign against HIV/AIDS;

• Coordinate and cooperate with foreign and international

organizations regarding data collection, research and
treatment modalities concerning HIV/AIDS; and

• Evaluate the adequacy of and make recommendations

regarding the utilization of national resources for the
prevention and control of HIV/AIDS in the Philippines.

Department of Health
• Under the supervision of Department of Health, a
Early Stage Latency Stage secretariat was created to monitor and evaluate the affairs
of the Council. The secretariat has the following functions:

o Assist in ensuring that activities related to HIV/AIDS

are implemented, coordinated, and Harmonized.
▪ Coordinate national and multi-sectoral HIV
and AIDS responses with members and other
stakeholders for synergy and for greater
impact of responds.

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 TRANS: The Philippine Aids Prevention and Control Act of 1988
▪ Promote and advocate the implementation of
national response by the different partner
agencies including organizing World’s AIDS
Day, Candlelight, and other national AIDS-
related activities.
o Provide technical support to the council and its
partners.
o Assist the council in monitoring and evaluating the
national response.
▪ Monitor and evaluate activities/projects and
programs related to HIV/ AIDS.
▪ Collect and serve as the repository of data
form member agencies and stakeholders for
response, inventories, and/or future
reference.
▪ Provide necessary information to trigger
appropriate responses from concerned
agencies.
▪ Identify endorse issues and concerns
regarding AIDS response.
▪ Organize national multi-sectoral forum to
disseminate information on the national n
response.
o Assist the council in identifying and mobilizing
resources in support of the implementation of AIDS
response.
o Provide administrative support to the council by
developing and enhancing management systems and
procedure through following:
▪ Human resource capacity-building (trainings,
workshops, mentoring, and skills-building)
▪ Inventory of office equipment and vehicles
from local and international donors and
agencies for PNAC use.
▪ Perform administrative functions like
documentation, filling, inventory, etc.
▪ Function as support staff during plenary and
sub-committee meetings
▪ Provide administrative support to the Council
in the conduct of PNAC plenary and sub-
committee meetings.
The PNAC works collaboratively with the
government agencies such:
• Department of Foreign Affairs
• Department of Interior and Local Government
• Depart of Justices
• Department of Tourism
• Department of Social Welfare and Development
• Philippine Information Agency
• Senate Committee on Health
• Congress Committee on Health
• Department of Labor and Employment
• Department of Budget and Management
• Department of Education
• Department of Health
BROA. OLIAMOT | MLS 2F
ROLE OF EDUCATIONAL INSTITUTIONS AND OTHER
AGENCIES IN AIDS AWARENESS
• The role of educational institutions in aids awareness
is focused on educational counseling and health
informative advisory.
o In educational counseling
▪ The development and progress of
AIDS can be discussed with through
teaching.
▪ The concepts of AIDS and its
etiological agent, Human
Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV), can
be incorporated into academic
subjects.
o Health informative advisory
▪ Educational institutions can provide
seminars in which the participants
coming from different professional
organizations.
• Clinical ethics calls for the application of ethical
considerations
o The Confidentiality of the results and the
persons positive for HIV testing are protected
by the law.
o Informed consent for HIV testing has been the
protocol in most of the hospitals.
o Pre-natal HIV-testing
• Ethical considerations and moral issues
o The acceptance of a person with AIDS or HIV
is far from universal
o A society can isolate any person with AIDS or
HIV
o Discrimination can be seen anywhere
• Medical point of view
o If there is intimate Body contact
▪ Ex. Sexual Activity
o Body fluids from the person with AIDS
▪ Ex. Blood
o Contaminated needles or Punctured needles
or lancets
• Important principles in bioethics
o Respect for persons
▪ Signifies respecting the decisions of
others and protecting those who lack
the decision-making capacity
o Beneficence
▪ The obligation to impose positive
acts in the best interest of patients
o Justice
▪ Fair treatment
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8504
• otherwise known as "Philippine AIDS Prevention
and Control Act of 1998".
• contains provisions set in nine articles.
• starts with the Declaration of Policies and Definition
of Terms.
SECTION 2. Declaration of Policies
• Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)
o a disease that recognizes to territorial,
social, political and economic boundaries
and for which there is no known cure.
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 TRANS: The Philippine Aids Prevention and Control Act of 1988
o Public awareness through comprehensive
nationwide educational and information
campaign.
o Full protection of the human rights and
civil liberties of every person suspected or
known to be infected with HIV and AIDS.
▪ Compulsory HIV testing shall be
considered unlawful unless
otherwise provided in this Act;
▪ The right to privacy of
individuals with HIV shall be
guaranteed;
▪ Discrimination, in all its forms and
subtleties, against individuals with
HIV or persons perceived or
suspected of having HIV shall be
considered inimical to individual and
national interest; and
▪ Provision of basic health and
social services for individuals with
HIV shall be assured.
o Safety and universal precautions in
practices and procedures that carry risk of
HIV transmission.
o Positively address and seek to eradicate
conditions that aggravate the spread of
HIV infection.
o Participation of affected individuals in
propagating vital information and educational
messages about HIV/AIDS.
ARTICLE 1
• The Government must promote education and
information campaigns.
o Public and private schools (intermediate,
secondary, and tertiary levels), including non-
formal and indigenous learning systems must
discuss the causes, modes of
transmission, and ways of preventing
HIV/AIDS.
o The knowledge and capabilities of all public
health workers shall be enhanced to include
skills for proper information
dissemination and education on HIV/AIDS.
ARTICLE 2
• The Government will develop and promote safe
medical practices.
o It includes the policies on donation of
blood, organs, and tissues.
o It also includes guidelines on surgical and
similar procedures including the penalties
for unsafe practices and procedures.
ARTICLE 3
• The Government will provide appropriate confidential
HIV testing. ¡
o How to carry out screening, counseling,
and testing of HIV.
ARTICLE 4
• The Government will ensure adequate health and
support services for people with HIV.
BROA. OLIAMOT | MLS 2F
o Health and support services which cover
hospital-based and community-based
services, livelihood programs and
training, control of sexually transmitted
diseases, and insurance for persons with
HIV.
o Information dissemination on how to
control sexually transmitted diseases.
ARTICLE 5
• The Government will monitor HIV/AIDS.
o Procedures on how to monitor people with
HIV, including contact tracing and the
program the agencies have established.
ARTICLE 6
• Confidentiality will be protected on HIV status.
o How to maintain the confidentiality of results,
including the risk(s) associated with
reporting the results, penalty associated
for releasing the results, disclosure of the
results to the sexual partner, and release
of results with consent of the patient.
ARTICLE 7
• Discrimination against people with HIV is illegal.
o Discriminatory procedures, especially in the
workplace, school, hospitals, and the
public.
ARTICLE 8
• The government will establish a Philippine National
AIDS Council
o Creation of the National AIDS Council,
including its power and functions.
o Some implementing rules and regulations,
and separability and effectivity clauses are
also presented.
SUMMARY
• Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
o a single-stranded, enveloped RNA virus
that belongs to a family of viruses called
retroviruses.
o cause of a unique disorder known as
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
(AIDS) which lowers the immune response
of the body to ward off diseases.
o has been a constant threat in the global
public health.
• In the Philippines, the cases in the past years have risen
alarmingly so much so that the government, through the
Department of Health, provided programs in public
awareness and screening tests in an attempt to stop the
rise of the cases.
• Despite this preventive measure, the Philippines is
considered to be one of the seven countries globally
where AIDS cases have spiked to 25% from 2001 to
2009.
• Philippine National AIDS Council (PNAC)
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 TRANS: The Philippine Aids Prevention and Control Act of 1988

o was created in December 1992 in response

to the rising cases of HIV/AIDS in the
country.
o develops a national prevention and control
strategy.
o provides a supportive legal environment to
people with HIV/AIDS.

BROA. OLIAMOT | MLS 2F 5

New born screening act
of 2004
Republic act no. 9288

CERO MLS2F 1
 Principles of Newborn Screening
Procedure

 It is a non-diagnostic test
 The newborn (2 weeks after birth) is usually subject to
laboratory examination.
 Urine, blood and a series of laboratory tests are
performed.

Other screening are done as the following:

1. Hearing Screening
2. Screening for Critical Congenital Heart Defects
3. Circumcision
4. Comprehensive Screening Test for Jaundice
SCREENING FOR CRITICAL CONGENITAL HEART
DEFECTS
HEARING
 1. Usually done using Oximetry on the baby’s hands
 A non-painful procedure in which a baby is screened for
and feet.
any incidence of hearing loss not later than 1 month of  It identifies infants with a critical congenital
age. heart defect
before they show signs and symptoms of the
CIRCUMCISION condition.
 Male babies  2. Once identified, they are referred to a heart specialist
 Requested by parents.  3. Babies who have CCHD have abnormal structure of
the heart.
 The foreskin covering the end of the penis is
surgically removed.
COMPREHENSIVE SCREENING TEST FOR JAUNDICE
Risk:
 Pain Newborn babies are tested for the presence of jaundice
shortly after birth.
 Infection (if inappropriate procedure is done)
 Jaundice is when a baby has yellowing of the skin
Advantages: and whites of the eyes. The main cause of
 Lower risks to; jaundice is the excess bilirubin.

 Urinary Tract Infection

 Prostate cancer
 Acquiring STD

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RATIONALE FOR NEWBORN SCREENING PROCEDURE HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE OF NEWBORN
SCREENING TEST

Mandated by law by virtue of R.A. 9288 In 1960, Robert Guthrie received the credit for
discovering the earliest screening for phenylketonuria
 ALL NEWBORN BABIES ARE SCREENED, EVEN IF (PKU).
THEY MAY LOOK HEALTHY AND THUS BE
SPARED FROM HERITABLE CONDITIONS THAT
CAN LEAD TO MENTAL RETARDATION AND
DEATH IF UNDETECTED OR UNTREATED.

Factors should be considered in making

decisions for early NSP.

1. An understanding of the newborn condition’s natural

history.

2. An acceptable treatment protocol that changes the

outcome for patients diagnosed early with the disease.

3. An understanding of who will be treated as a patient.

1. Blood samples collected through finger pricking of a newborn’s

feet on the 2nd day of his life.

• Congenital hypothyroidism in 1970

• Discovering other genetic disorders using bacterial
inhibition assay.
• Utilizing mass spectrometry tandem instrumentation

In the Philippines, the Senate and the House of Representatives

enacted R.A. 9288 A.K.A Newborn Screening Act of 2004.

3
 ENDOCRINOPATHIES

CLINICAL CONDITIONS SCREENED  1. Congenital hypothyroidism – characterized by the absence

or poor functioning of the thyroid gland. Resulting in the reduced
Clinical conditions and genetic disorders that newborns may
production of thyroxine.
inherit from their parents or ancestors are mostly:
2. Classic adrenal hyperplasia – deficiency of the enzyme
1. Hemoglobinopathies steroid 21-hydroxylase which comes in two forms, namely simple
2. Endrocrinopathies virilizing and salt-wasting.
3. Inborn error of metabolism (amino acid disorder)
4. Fatty acid oxidation disorders
5. Cystic fibrosis INBORN ERROE OF METABOLISM (AMINO ACID
DISORDER
HEMOGLOBINOPATHIES

A condition associated with abnormal heme synthesis, 1. Phenylketonuria – inherited autosomal recessive
hemoglobin variants, and globin synthesis. disorder.
Characterized by a deficiency in phenylalanine
1. Porphyria's – defect in one or more enzymes involved in hydroxylase (converting phenylalanine into tyrosine).
heme synthesis resulting in the accumulation of porphyrin in the
bone marrow or the liver.  May result in severe retardation.
 Other disorders include maple syrup urine disease,
2. Sickle cell disease – the presence of hemoglobin S in a alkaptonuria, tyrosinuria/tyroseinemia, and cystinuria.
homozygous state:

Sickle cell trait – presence of hemoglobin S in heterozygous FATTY ACID DISORDER

state
Sickle cell anemia – erythrocytes become rigid and trapped in Most recently discovered is medium chain acyl-COA
capillaries. Lead to tissue necrosis. dehydrogenase deficiency.

3. Hemoglobin C disease – having an amino acid substitution  Asymptomatic

 Often fatal
lysine for glutamic acid on the 6th position of the beta chain.
 Life-threatening
 Classified: fatty acid oxidation disorder
4. Hemoglobin SC disease – a double heterozygous condition
in which an abnormal S gene from one parent is inherited and Patient may experience:
an abnormal C gene for another parent is also inherited.
5. Hemoglobin D disease – having an amino acid substitution 1. Muscle problems
glutamine at the 121st position of the beta chain. 2. Poor feeding
3. Vomiting
 Hemoglobin E disease – amino acid substitution lysine 4. seizure
at the 26th position of the beta chain.
CYSTIC FIBROSIS
6. Hemoglobin constant spring – having 31 amino acids
added to the alpha chain
An autosomal recessive disorder. Characterized by a thick
 May be caused by a replacement of a terminator codon mucus in the lungs and digestive system resulting:
with a codon for glutamine resulting in the addition of the
31 amino acids before a stop codon is reached.  Respiratory infection
 Difficulty in food digestion
 Resembles alpha thalassemia
7. Thalassemia – gene deletion
Inheritance follows the Mendelian Principle 
 A-genes are present but one or more are non-functional
 B-thalassemia is usually not associated with gene
deletion but point mutations in the DNA code.

4
 PROVISIONS OF 9288 ARTICLE 4

Republic Act No. 9288- was enacted and declared as The department of health which established its
“NEWBORN SCREENING ACT OF 2004” objectives

 It mandates the newborn screening procedure as it The remaining provisions:

is a NATIONAL POLICY IN FAVORS OF THE  Repealing
CHILD’S HEALTH.  Separability
 Effectivity
Act consists:
 Five (5) Articles (General & Final Provisions)
Laboratory Procedures
GENERAL PROVISIONS OF R.A 9288
The newborn screening procedure may
Objectives: require collection of samples within 24
hours as mandated.
The state has extended its general policy of protecting and promoting
the constitutions right of citizens in good health. Thereby, mandating
Filipinos to carry out the newborns screening procedures as:
GUIDELINES PRIOR TO TEST
 Comprehensive PROCEDURE
 Integrative
 Sustainable 1. Provide parents/legal guardians an
information brochure.
Full Implementation:
 benefits
Government, non-government sectors, hospitals and clinics.
MUST UNDERTAKE THE SCREENING PROCEDURES! 2. Explain the procedure to parents/legal
guardians.
With this policy;
 the parents should be advised that the
THE NEWBORN WILL HAVE THE OPPORTUNITY procedure is mandated by law
3. Discuss the reasons for the collection of
TO SURVIVE AND LIVE A NORMAL LIFE
sample.

 especially, if 2nd sample is needed to be

ARTICLE 3 collected

1. OBLIGATION TO INFORM (PARENTS 0R GUARDIAN) 4. Advise parents/legal guardians to arrange

 AVAILABILITY further testing if needed.
 NATURE
 BENEFITS OF THE NEWBORN SCREENING PROCEDURE 5. Document informed consent from
parents/legal guardians.
2. Performance of the newborn screening procedure.
 Should be done within 24 hours after the complete delivery  If they refused, should be in writing and
 Not later than 3 days form part of the medical record of the
 The newborn should be placed in an intensive care unit (ICU) child.
from 3 days up to the time of test on the 7th day.

3. Refusal for testing

 Should be acknowledge in writing

4. Re-education and retraining of healthcare and information providers.





5
 STEPS IN SAMPLE COLLECTION  3RD sample, SHOULD BE COLLECTED 3
 WEEKS LATER, IF THE FIRST SAMPLE
1.  Properly documented all information about the baby TAKEN PRIOR TO 48 HOURS AS THE
GENETIC PROFILE WILL BE
and his/her family.
STABILIZED.
2. Ensure complete identification of the baby.
4. Infants born after “in-utero blood transfusion”:
3. Collect blood sample within 24 0r 72 hours (3 days).  Obtain a sample 48-72 hours after birth as
this is the time when the mother’s/donor’s
influence on metabolic ceases. 2nd sample
4. Cleanse the baby’s heel (alcohol cotton should be collected 3 weeks later.
swab)
 Air-dry the heel. 5. Extremely low birth weight or premature
 Prick the heel (slight angle) infants:
- Wipe the first drop
- The heel dependent facing down.  A 2nd sample should be repeated after the
initial specimen to detect those infants in
• Wait for the spontaneous flow of which the immaturity of the hypothalamic-
5. pituitary-thyroid axis may initially mask
blood.
• Lightly touch the circle of the card primary congenital hypothyroidism.
with drop of blood.
• Allow the blood to soak and  For birth weight <1000 grams, a 2nd
completely fill the circle on the specimen collected at 3 weeks, no later
card. than 6 weeks.
• Air-dry the spots for few hours on
a flat non-absorbent surface.  For birth weight <1500 grams, a 2nd
• 0bserve for the completeness and specimen is collected at 2 weeks, no later
sufficiency of blood. than 4 weeks.

FURTHER SCREENING REQUIREMENTS

1. Infants who commenced total parenteral nutrition (TPN):

 If possible, collect a sample before the TPN begin regardless of time.

 If not possible, collect a sample within 48-72 hours (2-3 days).
 Mark “TPN” box on screening card.
 Repeat the sample 48 hours after the cessation of TPN.

2. Infants receiving palliative care:

 May help exclude diseases which could have implications

for the family in future pregnancies.

 If the sample taken after the infant dies, write on the screening card in red
that it is “post-mortem” sample as there is marked difference in the
metabolic profile within between a live and deceased infant.

3. Infants receiving blood products (blood/exchange transfusion,

platelets, and fresh frozen plasma (FFP) :

 Sample should be obtained if possible prior to the transfusion

(Even it is less than 48 hrs. of age).
 2nd sample, should be obtained at least 48 hours after the 
transfusion is completed when biochemistry is stable.




6
7
GOMEZ, JABERTO, MAMAC, PADREQUIL | MLS2F
1
 DRUGS
COMMONLY ABUSED SUBSTANCES IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• Methamphetamine Hydrochloride (Shabu)
• A slang term for the drug methamphetamine used in
Japan, Hong Kong, the Philippines, Malaysia, and
Indonesia.
• PHARMALOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS:
STIMULANTS
• IMMDEDIATE EFFECTS: Blocking the brain
Neurotransmitter, Weight loss, Confusion, Insomnia,
Mood disturbances, some extent Violent behaviors.
• Street names: shabs, ice, meth, crystal, kristal,
basura, tawas
• Cannabis sativa (Marijuana)
• Cannabis, especially as smoked or consumed as a
psychoactive (mind-altering) drug.
• PHARMALOGICAL CLASSIFICATION OF DRUGS:
DEPRESSANT, HALLUCINOGEN OR STIMULANT
• IMMDEDIATE EFFECTS: Lung Cancer and related
Respiratory Problems, Experience Distorted
Perception, Problems with Memory and Learning, and
Increase Heart Rate.
• Street names: weed, jutes, pot, grass, damo, chongke
• Inhalants
• a solvent or other material producing vapor that is
inhaled by drug abusers. Rugby is a common inhalant.
• IMMDEDIATE EFFECTS: Experience Slurred Speech,
Lightheadedness, Hallucinations, and Delusions.
DANGEROUS DRUGS BOARD OR AGENCY
GOMEZ, JABERTO, MAMAC, PADREQUIL | MLS2F
SEVEN GOVERNMENT AGENCIES:
• Department of Health
• Department of Social Services and Development
(now Department of Social Welfare and
Development)
• Department of Education, Culture, and Sports (now
Department of Education)
• Department of Justice
• Department of National Defense
• Department of Finance
• National Bureau of Investigation
PHILIPPINE DRUG ENFORCEMENT AGENCY
• Suppresses the supply of dangerous drugs
• Implements Dangerous Drugs Board policies
• Controls and regulates the legitimate use of dangerous
drug and controlled precursors and essential chemicals
• Supervises the anti-drug activities of the drug law
enforcement agencies
• Coordinates the participation of all stakeholders in the
anti-drug campaign
Function, History and Roles Of PDEA
• For thirty years, the Republic Act No. 6425, or the
Dangerous Drugs Act of 1972, had been the backbone of
the drug law enforcement system in the Philippines.
• Recognizing the need to further strengthen existing laws
governing Philippine drug law enforcement system. The
R.A. 9165 defines more concrete courses of action for the
national anti-drug campaign and imposes heavier
penalties to offenders.
• The Philippine Drug Enforcement Agency (PDEA) is
responsible for efficient law enforcement of all provisions
on any dangerous drugs and/or precursors and essential
chemicals.
2
REPUBLIC ACT NO. 6424 (THE DANGEROUS DRUG
ACT OF 1972)
Article I: Definition of terms
• Section 2
• Administer - act of introducing any dangerous drug into
the body of any person, with or without his knowledge
• Board - dangerous drug board created under this act
• Centers - the treatment and rehabilitation centers for
drug dependents
• Cultivate or culture - act of knowingly planting, growing,
raising or permitting the planting, growing or raising of
any plant which is the source of a prohibited drug
• Dangerous drugs - refers to either Prohibited or
Regulated drugs
• Deliver - a person's act of knowingly passing a
dangerous drug to another
• Drug dependence - a state of psychic or physical
dependence, or both, on a dangerous drug, arising in
a person following administration or use of that drug on
a periodic or continuous basis
• Employee - persons employed by the operator of a
prohibited drug den, dive or resort where any
prohibited drug is administered, delivered, distributed,
sold or used
• Indian hemp - known as “Marijuana”
• Manufacture - the production, preparation,
compounding or processing of a dangerous drug either
directly or indirectly or by extraction from substances of
natural origin, or independently by means of chemical
synthesis or by a combination of extraction and
chemical synthesis
• Narcotic drug - any drug which produces insensibility,
stupor, melancholy or dullness of mind with delusions
and which may be habit-forming
• Opium - the coagulated juice of the opium poppy
(papaver somniferum) and embraces every kind and
class of opium, whether crude or prepared
• Pusher - any person who sells, administers, delivers,
or gives away to another, on any terms whatsoever, or
distributes, dispatches in transit or transports any
dangerous drug
• School - includes any university, college, or institution
of learning
• Sell - act of giving a dangerous drug, whether for
money or any other material consideration
• Use - act of injecting, intravenously or intramuscularly,
or of consuming, either by chewing, smoking, sniffing,
eating, swallowing, drinking, or otherwise introducing
into the physiological system of the body
Article II: Prohibited Drugs
• This article tackles about the different offences that may be
held against people using prohibited drugs, penalty of
imprisonment ranging from 14 years and 1 day to life
imprisonment with fine ranging from 14,000-30,000 shall be
imposed. Penalties are dependent on the offences of the
user, dealer or pusher.
GOMEZ, JABERTO, MAMAC, PADREQUIL | MLS2F
Article III: Regulated Drugs
• This article tackles about regulated drugs, penalties for
sale, administration, delivery, transportation and distribution
of regulated drugs , possession or use, prescription, sale
and purchase, unlawful prescription and unnecessary
prescription of regulated drugs.
Article IV: Provisions of Common Application to
Offenses Penalized under Articles II and III
• Section 20. Confiscation and Forfeiture of the Proceeds or
Instruments of the Crime.
• Section 21. Attempt and Conspiracy.
• Section 22. Additional Penalty if Offender is an Alien.
• Section 23. Criminal Liability of Officers of Partnerships,
Corporations, Associations and other Juridical Persons;
Liability in Cases Where Vehicles, Vessels or Aircraft or
Other Instruments are used to Commit a Crime.
• Section 24. Penalty for Government Officials and
Employees and Officers and Members of Police Agencies
and the Armed Forces.
• Section 25. Records Required of Pharmacists, Physicians,
Veterinarians or Dentists Dispensing or Prescribing
Dangerous Drugs, and of Importers.
• Section 26. Penalty for a Person Importing Dangerous
Drugs by Making Use of a Diplomatic Passport.
• Section 27. Criminal Liability of Possessor or User of
Dangerous Drugs During Social Gatherings.
ARTICLE V: Educational Measures
• School heads, supervisors and teachers of the school is
given the authority to enforce the Article II and III of this act.
Given that they are responsible for reporting any person in
the school or within its immediate vicinity that is violating
any provision of Articles II and III of this Act to proper
authorities. Furthermore, they have the responsibility to
educate student about the adverse effect of dangerous
drugs.
ARTICLE VI: Rehabilitative Confinement and
Suspension of Sentence
• Voluntary Submission of a Drug Dependent to
Confinement, Treatment and Rehabilitation by the
Dependent Himself or Through His Parent, Guardian or
Relative shall not be criminally liable for any violation of
Section 8, Article II and Section 16, Article III of this Act.
Exemption shall be extended to a minor who may be
committed for treatment and rehabilitation in a government
center upon sworn petition of his parent, guardian or
relative within the fourth civil degree of consanguinity or
affinity, in that order.
3
ARTICLE VII: Treatment and Rehabilitation of Drug
Dependents
• Treatment and Rehabilitation Center for Drug Dependents,
at Tagaytay City shall continue to be operated and
maintained by the National Bureau of Investigation under
the supervision and funding of the Board. Furthermore,
board shall encourage, assist and maintain private centers
accredited or authorized under this act.
ARTICLE VIII: Dangerous Drugs Board
• Dangerous Drugs Board which shall be composed of nine
members. Three members who shall possess adequate
training and experience in the field of dangerous drugs or in
law, medicine, criminology, psychology or social work, shall
be appointed by the President of the Philippines with the
consent of the Commission on Appointments.
ARTICLE IX: Appropriation, Management of Funds
and Annual Report
• This article discuses about the breakdown of funds allotted
by the National Treasury to implement this act and to attain
annual reports on the dangerous drugs situation in the
country.
ARTICLE X: Jurisdiction Over Dangerous Drug Cases
• Section 39. Jurisdiction of the Circuit Criminal Court.
• Section 40. Reclassification, Additions or Removal of Any
Drug from the List of Dangerous Drugs.
• The effect of such reclassification, addition or removal
shall be as follows:
• In case a prohibited drug is reclassified as regulated,
the penalties for violations of this Act involving the latter
shall, in case of conviction, be imposed in all pending
criminal prosecutions
• In case a regulated drug is reclassified as prohibited,
the penalties for violations of this Act involving
regulated drugs shall, in case of conviction, be
imposed in all pending criminal prosecutions
• In case of the addition of a new drug to the list of
dangerous drugs, no criminal liability involving the
same under this Act shall arise until after the lapse of
fifteen (15) days from the last publication of such notice
• In case of removal of a drug from the list of dangerous
drugs, all pending criminal prosecutions involving such
a drug under this Act shall forthwith be dismissed
ARTICLE XI: Final Provisions
• This article states the separability clause, repealing clause
and effectivity. Approved: March 30, 1972
GOMEZ, JABERTO, MAMAC, PADREQUIL | MLS2F
ARTICLE II: PROVISIONS PROHIBITED DRUGS
• Importation of Prohibited Drugs in Section 3, Article II
R.A 6425
• Sale, Administration, Delivery Distribution and
Transportation of Prohibited Drugs in Article 4, Article II
R.A 6425
• Employees and Visitors of prohibited Drug Den in
Section 6, Article II, R.A 6425
• Manufacture of Prohibited Drugs in Section 7, Article II,
R.A 6425
• Possession or Use of Prohibited Drugs in Section 8,
Article II, R.A 6425
• Cultivation of Plants in Section 9, Article II, R.A 6425
• Records of Prescriptions, Sales, Purchases,
Acquisitions, and/or Deliveries of prohibited Drugs in
Section 19, R.A 6425
• Unlawful Prescription of Prohibited Drugs in Section 11,
Article II, R.A 6425
• Unnecessary Prescription of Prohibited Drugs in
Section 11, Article II, R.A 6425
• Possession of Opium Pipe and Other Paraphernalia for
Prohibited Drugs in Section 13, Article II, R.A 6425
ARTICLE III: REGULATED DRUGS
What is a regulated drug?
• A regulated drug is one that is researched, manufactured,
distributed, and administered under the supervision of
regulatory authorities.
PROVISIONS
• Section 14: Importation of Regulated Drugs
• FINE: (6 yrs. 1 day to 12 yrs.) + (Php6,000.00 to
Php12,000)
▪ any person who, unless authorized by law, shall
import or bring any regulated drug into the
Philippines.
• Section 15: Sale, Administration, Dispension, Delivery,
Transportation and Distribution of Regulated Drugs
• FINE: (6 yrs. 1 day to 12 yrs.) + (Php6,000.00 to
Php12,000)
▪ any person who, unless authorized by law, shall
sell, dispense, deliver, transport or distribute
any regulated drug.
▪ In case of a practitioner, the maximum of the
penalty herein prescribed and the additional
penalty of the revocation of his license to
practice his profession shall be imposed.
• Section 16: Possession or Use of Regulated Drugs
• FINE: (6 months. 1 day to 4 yrs.) + (Php600.00 to
Php4,000)
▪ any person who shall possess or use any
regulated drug without the corresponding
license or prescription.
• Section 17: Records of Prescriptions, Sales, Purchases,
Acquisitions and/or Deliveries of Regulated Drugs
• FINE: (6 months. 1 day to 4 yrs.) + (Php600.00 to
Php4,000)
4
 ▪ any pharmacist, physician, dentist, veterinarian,
manufacturer, wholesaler, importer, distributor,
dealer or retailer who violates or fails to comply
with the provisions of Sec. 25 of this Act if the
violation or failure involves a regulated drug.
• Section 18: Unlawful Prescription of Regulated Drugs
• FINE: (4 yrs. 1 day to 8 yrs.) + (Php4,000.00 to
Php8,000)
▪ any person who, unless authorized by law, shall
make or issue a prescription for any regulated
drug.
• Section 19: Unnecessary Prescription of Regulated Drugs
• FINE: (6 months. 1 day to 4 yrs.) + (Php600.00 to
Php4,000) + revocation of his license to practice
▪ any physician or dentist who shall prescribe any
regulated drug for any person whose physical or
physiological condition does not require the use
thereof.

COMPREHENSIVE DANGEROUS DRUGS ACT OF

2002
• R.A. 9165 is a law repealing Republic Act No. 6425 as
amended and providing funds thereof and other purposes.
R.A. 9165 amended some provisions of R.A. 6425

IMPLEMENTING RULES AND REGULATIONS

GOVERNING THE ACCREDITATION OF DRUG
LABORATORIES IN THE PHILIPPINES
• Formulated to enforce the provisions of R.A. 9165 and
consistent with the provisions of Executive order no. 102,
series of 1999
• Classifies drug laboratories based on:
• Ownership
• Institutional character
• Service capability.
• It also stipulates the requirements, fees, papers and such

ROLES OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE EDUCATIONAL

INSTITUTIONS IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE
DANGEROUS DRUG ACTS
• Students in all year levels include in their activities the
program for prevention and awareness of the use of
dangerous drugs
• Heads, principals, directors and teachers are in authority to
apprehend, arrest or cause the apprehension of any person
who violates the R.A. 9165

IMPLICATIONS OF THE DANGEROUS DRUGS ACTS

FOR THE SOCIETY AS A WHOLE
• The two acts signifies that no one is above the law
• Punishable | Arrested | Not Accepted

GOMEZ, JABERTO, MAMAC, PADREQUIL | MLS2F 5

 TRANS: LAWS

GOMEZ, JABERTO, MAMAC, PADREQUIL | MLS2F 6

 CHAPTER 9: WATER TESTING LABORATORY LAWS
WATER
is important because all organisms need it to live. It has many
uses. For this reason, water should be tested to determine the
presence of contaminants, which can be either chemical or living
toxic agents. Several laws on water have been formulated and
enacted by Congress and implemented throughout the
Philippines.
KEYWORDS
● Agricultural water - Water supply management focused
an irrigation
● Bacteria - The most common contaminants of water
● Contaminants - Chemical or living toxins agents present in
water
● Domestic water - Water supply used in homes
● Eutrophication - The process of natural nutrient
enrichment of streams and lake
● Industrial water - Water supply used for industrial
purposes
● LGU - Local government unit
● LWUA - Local Water Utilities Administration
● National Water Resources Board - An agency that takes
care of water production and consumption
● NGO - Non-governmental organizations
● Water - Exists in three forms: solid (ice), liquid, and gas
(vapor)
WATER SUPPLY IN THE PHILIPPINES
- In the Philippines, water supply originates from lakes, rivers,
river basins, ground water, and reservoirs. Before it reaches
specific areas like homes, schools, industries and agriculture,
water has to pass through installed pumps and pipelines. To
ensure that the quality of water is safe for human consumption,
it has to undergo the process of filtration and purification, as part
of water treatment and sanitation. Government agencies, non-
government agencies, local government units, and other
corporations have been involved in the operation and
management of water supply and sanitation throughout history.
SOURCES OF WATER
● Ambuklao Dam and Hydroelectric Power Plant in
Bokod, Benguet are among the largest dams in the
country.
BUAT. PESANTE. ROSALES | MLS 2F
- used for flood control, Irrigation, and generation of
hydroelectric power in Baguio and some areas in Central
Luzon.
● Magat Dam in Isabela - another source of water and
hydroelectric power is the.
● Angat Dam, the Ipo Dam, and the La Mesa Da - the main
sources of water in Metro Manila
WATER SERVICES
The water supply in specific areas are mainly utilized for:
1. Agriculture - This is the main focus of agricultural water
management for irrigation.
2. Industries - Industrial water is mainly used in factories,
finished products, and industrial plants and mines
3. Domestic use - The main purpose of water in domestic
areas is for the daily consumption by residents and
households.
WATER PROVIDERS
The water providers for the different sectors in the
Philippines are as follows:
1. Non-governmental organizations (NGOs) - NGOs are the
alternative supporting agencies of the government. Their
main concern is the provision of social services and basic
needs like water to the communities.
2. Community-based organizations - These organizations
include cooperatives, barangay water service associations,
and rural water supply associations. They cater to the
different barangay within the same locality.
3. Local government units (LGUs) - The management,
provision, and maintenance of water supply to the different
districts have been devolved to the LGU and LWUA.
4. Water districts - These are government-funded and -
controlled municipal entities. They usually supply water to
the different cities and municipalities outside Manila.
5. Small-scale independent providers - They comprise the
homeowner associations, individual entrepreneurs, and real
estate developers. They supply water to the different cities
and municipalities in Manila and Cebu
6. Large-scale private operators - These corporations
operate within Metro Manila. They are the extension of the
services rendered by the Manila Water Services, Inc.
1
 TRANS: CHAPTER 9: WATER TESTING LABORATORY LAWS
(MWSI) and Manila Water Company, Inc. (MWCI). They
pursue the government's thrust of privatizing basic water
services.
WATER AND ITS CONTAMINANTS AND
POLLUTANTS
Water pollution is mainly caused by chemicals, living organisms,
and human activities. In some cases, it may refer to physical,
chemical, or biological changes in the quality of water, making it
unsafe for human consumption Water Pollutants There are
several classes of water pollutants The first category includes
bacteria, viruses, fungi, or parasites. They may enter the
sewage system and untreated wastes. They make the sewage
system their habitat, adversely affecting the health of people
who consume the water. The second category is the oxygen-
demanding wastes. This situation usually occurs when a
population of bacteria lives in these wastes that deplete oxygen
levels in the water. The third category is water-soluble inorganic
pollutants like acid, base, salts, and toxic metals. Once present
in drinking water, these pollutants may cause diseases or
infections. The Fourth category is nutrients. They comprise the
water soluble nitrates and phosphates that usually deplete
oxygen supply in the water. These chemical compounds may
cause eutrophication, the natural nutrient enrichment of lakes
and streams which causes a dense growth of plant life and death
of animal life from lack of oxygen. The fifth pollutant includes
organic substances such as oils, plastics, and pesticides. They
render water unfit for drinking. They may become suspended
particles on the water's surface. The last category of water
pollutants is radioactive compounds.
SOURCES OF WATER POLLUTANTS
Some sources of water pollutants include the following:
1. Farming - the use of pesticides and herbicides leads to
water pollution. These toxic chemicals affect the living
organisms dependent on water. They also linger in the
water over a longer period of time. Farmers also utilize
chemical fertilizers that are harmful to humans
2. Business - whether a food establishment or a
manufacturer of finished products, business consumes
water. The wastes and sewage generated by industries can
seep into the water supply. Many industries and power
plants utilize rivers, lakes, and streams to remove wastes,
thus polluting these bodies of water. Industries also
generate heat during their operations, resulting in thermal
pollution. Thermal pollution is dangerous to all living
organisms
BUAT. PESANTE. ROSALES | MLS 2F
3. Households - Sewage generated by houses or runoff from
septic tanks into nearby waterways introduces organic
pollutants that can cause eutrophication. Similarity, the
improper disposal of human and animal excreta can cause
water pollution.
PERTINENT LAWS AND REGULATIONS ON WATER
SUPPLY
The water supply in the Philippines is regulated by pertinent laws
so that safe water is fairly and justly distributed to consumers.
PRESIDENTIAL DECREE NO. 856
• aka the CODE ON SANITATION OF THE PHILIPPINES
• It was enacted to promote the healthy and safe
consumption of water. The authority to promulgate rules
and regulations is vested in the Secretary of the
Department of Health by virtue of Section 4 of the Code.
ARTICLE 11
• talks about the standards and procedures regarding the
microbiological and chemical analysis of drinking water.
• Other protective measures are required as mandated by
P.D. 856:
SECTION 13. OTHER PROTECTIVE MEASURES.
To protect drinking water tromp contamination, the following
measures shall be observed:
• (a). Washing clothes or bathing within a radius of 25 meters
from any well or other source of drinking water is prohibited
• (b) No artesian, deep or shallow well, shall be constructed
within 25 meters from any source of pollution
• (c) No radioactive sources or materials shall be stored
within a radius of 25 meters from any well or source of
drinking water unless the radioactive source is adequately
and safely enclosed by proper shielding.
• (d) No person charged with the management of a public
water supply system shall permit any physical connection
between its distribution system and that of any other water
supply, unless the latter is regularly examined as to its
quality by those in charge of the public 5upply to which the
connection is made and found to be safe and potable
• (e) The installation of booster pumps to boost water directly
from the water distribution line of a water supply system
where low-water pressure prevails is prohibited.
2
 TRANS: CHAPTER 9: WATER TESTING LABORATORY LAWS

• The rules and regulations govern the water supply in 1976 NATIONAL WATER CODE (P.D. 1067)
various places and establishments such as schools, • otherwise known as Presidential Decree No. 1067.
markets, restaurants, hospitals, homes, and other places. • It took effect on December 31, 1976 during the regime of
The same decree contains provisions pertaining to sewage former President Ferdinand Marcos when there was water
collection and the disposal of excreta and drainage scarcity and the patterns or levels of water supply
fluctuated.
ADMINISTRATIVE ORDER NO. 31, S. 1979 • This Code was enacted on the premise that all the waters
• prescribes the rules and regulations governing the of the Philippine belong to the state.
accreditation of water analysis laboratories. The basic • It was designed to revise and consolidate the utilization,
requirements are first mentioned: ownership appropriation, development, exploitation,
conservation, and exploitation of natural resources. This
● Any person, firm or corporation desiring to establish or code also created the National Water Resources Council to
operate and maintain water analysis laboratory shall submit control and regulate the water resources in the country
to the Ministry of Health, through the Bureau of Research
and Laboratories, an application, the form prepared and PHILIPPINE WATER ACT OF 2004 (R.A. 9275)
adopted therefore, and containing among others the • otherwise known as the Philippine Water Act of 2004.
following data: • It provides consistent protection, preservation, and revival
o the name, citizenship and domicile of the head of the of the quality of the water system in the Philippines.
laboratory;
• It also mandates a comprehensive water quality
o the municipality and he place where it is to be management policy amidst economic growth.
established:
• The main focus of this Act is water quality management
o name of establishment
system and international mechanisms and standards
o name, citizenship and domicile of owners,
• As stated in Presidential Decree Na. 856, the examining
o scope and nature of work, specifying procedures;
laboratories can be private or government laboratories duly
o statement that applicant has complied with all
accredited by the Department of Health. It is the
business requirements under existing laws or
responsibility of the operator of the water system to submit
ordinances that are necessary in pursuance of the
water samples for analysis to the DOH at an interval period
activity for which an accreditation is applied for; and
prescribed by the Department.
o tax clearance for preceding year.
An inspector of the Bureau of Research and Laboratories
shall, upon the receipt of said application, inspect within 60
days the establishment and verify if applicant has complied
with all the requirements prescribed in the regulations. The
certificate of accreditation will henceforth be issued, signed
and approved by the Minister of Health or his duly authorized
representative of the application is found to be meritorious,
otherwise the same shall be returned to the applicant with
Rotations on why application was not approved.
The other requirements include personnel; physical plant;
equipment, apparatus, and other materials; manner of
reporting the result; application for license to operate
inspection; issuance and renewal of certificate to operate:
violations; revocations of license; and updating
requirements.

3
BUAT. PESANTE. ROSALES | MLS 2F
 MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES
INTRODUCTION
The training of Filipino volunteers by U.S Army
surgeons and the establishment of health laboratories in the
country during the American occupation might be considered
medical advancements. However, the training given by these
health professionals and the number of trained individuals were
not enough to resolve the growing public health problems in the
Philippines. This chapter discusses the establishment of
medical technology as formal discipline in the academe to
produce competent and efficient professionals to perform
laboratory work.
MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY EDUCATION IN THE
PHILIPPINES: HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVES
Philippine Medical Technology education provides
knowledge and information on how other field of science
became a partner of health care system.
BEGINNING OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY
EDUCATION IN THE PHILIPPINES
• Willa Hilgert Hedrick
o Initiated the Formal education of Medical Technology
in the Philippines
o -married to Elvin Hedrick, Medical internist
o -Served as missionaries in Philippines from
1952 to 1963.
o During their stay, she noticed the lack of
competent laboratory technologists who
could support the medical missionaries, as
well as laboratory tests and services.
o PHILIPPINE UNION COLLEGE (Adventist University
of the Philippines.)
MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY SCHOOLS IN THE
PHILIPPINES
• PHILIPPINE UNION COLLEGE
o First Medical Technology School in the Philippines.
o The Philippine Union College offered the first
Bachelor of Science degree course in Medical
Technology in 1954.
o Jesse Umali was the first Medical Technologist
graduate in 1956. And is now a successful
gynecologist and the owner of Omega Laboratories.
• UNIVERSITY OF SANTO TOMAS
o The Univeristy of Santo Tomas offered the
Medical Technology course only as an elective for
4th and 5th year Pharmacy students in 1957 under
the headship of Dr. Antinio Gabriel and
Dr.Gustavo Reyes.
ESPULGAR | MLS 2F
o In 2017, UST was the first and the only school to
offer Doctorate Degree in Medical Technology
• CENTRO ESCOLAR UNIVERSITY
o Founded in 1907 and was originally named Centro
Escolar de Senoritas.
o Offered the B.S in Medical Technology in 1960.
o With the motto Ciencia y Virtud (Science and Virtue)
• FAR EASTERN UNIVERSITY
o In 1961, Dr. Horacio Ylagan and Dr. Serafin Juliano
envisioned the opening of a Medical Technology
program at Far Eastern University.
o The School of Medical Technology was then placed
under the auspices of the Institute of Medicine and
Institute of Arts and Sciences headed by Dean Lauro
Panganiban.
• UNIVERSITY OF THE PHILIPPINES-MANILA
o In 1932, the university opened the College of Public
Health, with a course leading to the degree of Bachelor
of Science in Hygiene,whose curriculum was similar
tothat of the Medical Technology course.
o A total of 28 universities and colleges are currently
offering medical technology course in Metro Manila
alone. 59 other schools are operating in various parts
of the country
PERTINENT LAWS AND CHED MEMORANDUM
ORDERS
Medical Technology Education in the Philippines is
guided by R.A 7722 known as the Higher Education Act of 1994
and the Implementing rules and regulations of CHED
Memorandum Orders.
TRANSITION OF THE MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY
EDUCATIONAL SYSTEM IN THE PHILIPPINES
• General Education
o First 2 years
o Required number of units
• Associate in Health Science
o First 2 years
o Additional science courses
• Output-based Education
o Restructuring the course curriculum
o Outcomes- and Output-based learning
1
• General Education and Professional courses with 6 or
12 months of internship.
o 6-month internship was implemented by virtue of
CMO 088, s. 1998
• R.A No. 7722 or the Higher Education Act of 1994
o signed by former president Fidel V. Ramos on May
18, 1994
o this law declares that the state protects, fosters and
promote the right of citizens to affordable quality
education at all levels and takes appropriate
steps to ensure that education is accessible to all.
o CHED formulated the Higher Education Memorandum
Order.
• Republic Act No. 8292
o AKA Higher Education Modernization Act of 1997
o provides for the uniform composition and power of the
governing boards of state universities and colleges
nationwide.
o provides the manner of appointment and term of office
of the president chartered public higher education
institutions (HEIs).
o laid down the powers and duties of the SUC governing
board, the highest policymaking body of the institution
• CHED Memorandum Order No. 08, s. 1998
o upgrades Medical Technology Education policies &
standards
o policies and guidelines are formulated and
implemented allowing the Medical Technology
program to operate under the provision with full
authority issued by CHED
• CHED Memorandum Order No. 27, s. 1998
o it pertains to policies and standards on a curriculum
designed for a common 2-year associate in health
science education (ASHE).
o to offer ASHE program to equip undergraduate
students with experience to function as healthcare
providers
• CHED Memorandum Order No. 14, s. 2006
o Provides the rationale of Medical Higher Technology
Education in the Philippines pursuant to Republic Act
No. 7722
o It governs the establishment of schools of Medical
Technology
o It covers the standard, policies, and guidelines in
operating a Bachelor of Science in Medical Technology
program.
• CHED Memorandum Order No. 6, s. 2008
o it was enacted to serve as guidelines for accrediting
clinical laboratories intending to train medical
laboratory technology interns
ESPULGAR | MLS 2F
o it contains policies and guidelines pursuant to the
commission en banc Resolution No. 739-2007, dated
oct. 15, 2007.
o aims to keep pace with the demands of global
competitiveness and quality training for interns
• CHED Memorandum Order No. 41, s.2012
o was implemented with the intention of institutionalizing
a ladderized interface between the model embedment
of Technical and Vocational Education and Training
(TVET) and Higher Education.
o Ladderized curriculum of Bachelor of Science in
Medical Laboratory Science Program
o Associated with the CMO 14, s. 2006 – additional
courses such as cytogenetics, pharmacy, splitting,
clinical chemistry 1, 2, 3, seminars 1 & 2 with 6 months
internship
• Outcomes-based Educational System
to have a unified curriculum, the technical panel members of the
CHED conducted seminar-workshops to enforce the outcomes-
based educational system in the Medical Technology
curriculum.
Objective: aim of this outcomes-based curriculum is a full and
clear discernment of the possible employment of the new
graduates who demonstrate the necessary skills and theoretical
knowledge and who are prospective good quality and competent
professionals in the future.
• K to 12 Program
The implementation of the K to 12 program adds 2
years in secondary education which is otherwise known as
senior high school. With this new curriculum, the number of
basic general education courses are reduced to only a few
subjects.
Issues: college teachers of GE courses losing their jobs, the
preparedness of some state or private educational institutions to
offer senior high school education, and the capacity of parents
to pay the additional tuition and other fees.
TRANSFORMATIVE EDUCATION IN THE BACHELOR
OF SCIENCE IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
• Started before the outcomes-bases education.
• the Medical Technology program included general
education with a required number of units per course, then
gradually changed when the Associate in Health Science
Education (AHSE) was implemented.
• (Science, Technology, and Society; Health Economics;
Health Ethics; and the like. )
SENATE BILL NO. 2722 (MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY
ACT OF 2011)
2
 • The Medical Technology (Medical Laboratory Science)
course shall be at least four years.
• The said course shall be composed of general
education, core and professional courses, and a
satisfactory internship program in accredited training
laboratories.
• Professional subjects: Hematology, Clinical
Chemistry, | Microbiology, Parasitology, Blood
banking/Immunohematology; Serology/Immunology,
Clinical Microscopy, Histopathology & Cytology,
Laboratory Management, and Medical Technology
Laws & Ethics. The Technical Panel in Medical
Technology Education (“TPMTE”)
• An established of a Technical Panel in Medical
Technology Education under the Commission
(TPMTE) on Higher Education-Office of Programs and
Standards (CHED-OPS).
• The TPMTE shall be composed of the following
members:
a. The President of the Philippine Association of
Schools of Medical Technology and Hygiene
(PASMETH), who shall- be the Chairman;
b. The President of the Philippine Association of
Medical Technologists, Inc. (PAMET);
c. A representative from the Board of Medical
Technology/ Professional Regulation Commission;
d. A representative from PAMET; and e. A
representative from PASMETH. The TPMTE shall be
supported by a secretariat and staff (Creation and
Composition of Technical Panel in Medical Technology
Education (TPMTE) in Section 22, S.B. 2722).
• shall assist the Commission on Higher Education in
setting policies, standards, and guidelines for the
Medical Technology program. It may also assist in its
implementation, including monitoring and evaluation.
FUNCTIONS OF THE TPMTE
• A. To recommend the minimum curriculum required for
the course of medical technology;
• B. To determine and prescribe the number of students
that will be allowed to take the medical technology
course in each school, taking into account the student-
instructor ratio and the availability of facilities for
instruction;
• C. To recommend the closure of medical’ technology
schools which are’ found to be substandard;
• D. To-require all medical technology schools to submit
an annual report, including the total number of students
and instructors, list of facilities available for instruction,
a list of their recent graduates and new administrations,
on or before the month of June;
• E. To inspect, whenever necessary, the different
medical technology schools in the country in order to
determine whether a high standard of education is
maintained in said institutions;
• F. To promulgate, prescribe, and enforce such rules
and regulations as may be necessary for the proper
implementation of the foregoing functions
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SENATE BILL NO. 2722 (MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY
ACT OF 2011)
• There shall be a program of Continuing Medical
Technology Education (CMTE) conducted by the
accredited professional organization and other CMTE
providers to enhance and maintain the proficiency of,
its members on current medical technology procedures
and techniques.
Requirements:
- RMT’s shall abide by the requirements, rules and
regulations of CMTE which shall be promulgated by the
Board, subject to the approval of the Professional
Regulation Commission.
- A medical technologist shall be required to undergo
medical technology training and education program
every three (3) years beginning from the issuance of
his certificate of registration
Objective :upgrade the level of skill and competence of medical
technologists.
POST GRADUATE PROGRAM IN MEDICAL
TECHNOLOGY
• REQUIREMENTS FOR SCHOOLS OFFERING
POSTGRADUATE DEGREES IN MEDICAL
TECHNOLOGY
o Master of Science in Medical Technology (MSMT)
o University of Santo Tomas, Philippine Women’s
University, Saint Louis University, and Manila Central
University.
o Meet and Maintain high accreditation levels (levels 2 or
3) with good performance rating (80%) in Medical
Technology licensure examination.
o Doctor of Philosophy in Medical Technology program
is planned soon
• MASTER OF SCIENCE IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY
o A Master of Science in Medical Technology is one
of the requirements imposed by CHED for
professors at the tertiary level.
o It includes 33 units of academic and cognates
and six units of thesis writing.
o Presentation and submission of a thesis.
o The basic course are Research Methods and
Statistics while the cognates can be Human
Resource Management or Organization
Management
o The major courses are Advanced Biochemistry,
Hematology, Cytogenetics, Clinical Chemistry,
Immunohematology, Serology and Immunology
and Microbiology.
• DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY
o 15 units of Philosophy courses, 6 units of cognates,
9 units of thesis writing and seminar, 6 units of
foreign language, and 24 units of major courses.
o The course offering should focus on in-depth
understanding of the advanced technology in
diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of diseases or
infections.
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LEGAL ISSUES AND CONCERNS
• SCHOOL POLICIES IN MAINTAINING HIGH-QUALITY
BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY
EDUCATION
o In well-established schools of Medical Technology,
policies, rules and regulations is formulated and
implemented to ensure the production of quality
graduates.
o Policies includes admission policy, sequencing of
courses in MT curriculum and course syllabi, internship
program policy, grading system, graduation policy, and
policy of hiring and employing
• COMPARISON OF THE CIRCULA OF BACHELOR OF
SCIENCE IN PUBLIC HEALTH AND BACHELOR OF
SCIENCE IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY
o The Bachelor of Science in Public Health and Bachelor
of Science in Medical Technology were merged
o Therefore, a graduate of Bachelor of Science in Public
Health can also take the Medical Technology licensure
examination. Once a B.S in Public Health passes the
board examination, he or she is eligible to practice as
a Registered Medical Technologist.
ACCREDITATION PROGRAMS
• Accreditattion
-is always requirement in any program offering to upgrade
teaching methodologies and and strategies.
• ACCREDITATIONS OF REQUIREMENTS FOR THE
MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
• 2 well-recognized accreditation agencies
o Philippine Association of Accrediting Schools,
Colleges and Universities (PAASCU)
o Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities
Commission on Accreditation (PACUCOA)
• A school of medical technology has to be accredited
first before it can offer the postgraduate program in
either Master of Science or Doctor of Philosophy in
Medical Technology.
• Other accreditation agency
• International Organization for Standardization
(ISO)
o Monitors the flow of operation of the program and
investigates the proper documentation of every
assigned work or risk.
RA 5527
The Department of Education shall approve schools of
medical technology in accordance with the provisions of
this Act. The Department of Health or its recommendation
of the Council of Medical Technology Education, approve
laboratories for accreditation as training laboratories for
Medical technology students or postgraduate trainees
upon satisfactory evidence that said laboratories possess
qualified personnel and properly equipped to carry out
laboratory procedures commonly required in the following
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fields: bacteriology, serology, parasitology, hematology,
and biochemistry, and that the scope of activities of said
laboratory offers sufficient training in said laboratory
procedures (Accreditation of Schools of Medical
Technology and of training Laboratories in Section 13, R.A.
5527)
• Philippine Association of Accrediting Schools, Colleges
and Universities (PAASCU)
o Regarded as a judge in evaluating whether the
school’s own purposes and objectives match and are
comparative with the actual practice in various areas
assessed.
o Areas of evaluation include the purposes/objectives,
faculty, instruction, library, laboratories, physical
plants, students’ services, administration and school
and community extension services.
• Philippine Association of Colleges and Universities
Commission on Accreditation (PACUCOA)
o Private accrediting agency, provides a formal
recognition to all schools that maintain and achieve
excellent standard in their educational operation
within the context of their aims, mission and vision
and objectives. Enables schools to get identified
based on competency and performance in a
particular field. Gives students better choices of
quality schools, helps schools achieve and maintain
educational effectiveness to its maximum level, and
enlists the cooperation of institutions of learning and
professional associations in achieving the mission of
advancing the interest of education.
• International Organization for Standardization
(ISO)
o Is an agency that caters the needs of institutions,
whether educational, industrial, or hospital for setting
quality objectives. In setting quality objectives, the
management has the responsibility of ensuring that
the objectives that have been set and established are
measurable, relevant, and coherent, and meet the
quality policy of the organization. Through ISO, the
quality objectives can measure the performance of
the products, processes, customer satisfaction,
human resources and suppliers.
LET US KNOW!
Benefits of Accreditation
A college, university, or any other institution seeking
accreditation status must take and complete the primary steps
in the accreditation process. Each of these primary steps is
designated by the particular accreditation organization from
which the institution is seeking accreditation status.
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 First, materials that demonstrate the institution’s
accomplishments and exhibit the level of quality of the areas of
operation that are under scrutiny must be prepared. Next, the
college or university undergoes a peer review of the prepared
materials. Finally, action is taken by the accreditation
organization to determine whether accreditation will be granted
to the institution.

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 MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES

PAMET Insignia

PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS FOR

REGISTERED MEDICAL TECHNOLOGISTS
• Three major organizations contribute to the
advancement of the medical technology profession in
both laboratory and academic practice: PAMET,
PASMETH and PHISMETS
• Established for the purpose of imparting
knowledge and experiences among its members
• PRC not directly associated with the profession but
plays key role in certifying the graduates of the course

Philippine Association of Medical Technologists

(PAMET) • Embodies values and beliefs the founders aim to
• Considered to be the main organization that cultivate among its members wherein:
represents and influences the medical technologists o Circle symbolizes the continuous
in the Philippines involvement where practice and education
must always be integrated
• Organized by Mr. Crisanto G. Almario on September
o Triangle is the trilogy of love, respect and
15, 1963 at the Public Health Laboratory in Sta. Cruz,
integrity
Manila for the purpose of camaraderie among the
o Microscope & Snake symbolize the science
registered medical technologists in the Philippines
of Medical Technology profession
• National body with forty-six (46) provincial chapters o Green the color of health
nationwide and one international chapter, PAMET o 1964 the year of first PAMET election
Singapore totaling to more than thirteen thousand
members.

DATES TO REMEMBER:

• September 20, 1964 the first convention along with the

election of officers was held at Far EASTERN
University wherein CHARLEMAGNE TAMONDONG
was elected as the first president of the organization.

• June 21, 1969, RA 5527 also known as the Philippine

Medical Technology Act, was enacted into law.

• Few days before the declaration of Martial Law on

September 21, 1972, President Ferdinand Marcos
declared the 3rd week of September as a
celebration of the Medical Technology profession.

• June 22, 1973, PD 223 was approved creating the

Professional Regulation Commission (PRC) and
PAMET was officially recognized as the only
Accredited Organization (APO) of registered
Medical Technologists in the Philippines. Since
then, it Advocates the advancement of the profession
through continuously updating its members with new
skills and techniques in laboratory work through annual
regional and national conventions

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 TRANS: MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES

Table No. 1 PAMET Presidents and their Significant Contributions to the Organization

PAMET PRESIDENT YEAR(S) OF SERVICE SIGNIFICANT CONTRIBUTION

Charlemagne Tamandog 1963-1967 Emergence of the profession
Nardito Moraleta 1967-1970 Professional recognition
Felix Asprer 1970-1971/1973-1976 Legislative agenda
Bernardo Tabaosares 1971-1973 Celebration of the practice
Angelina Jose 1973 Career advocacy
Venerable Chua 1977-1981 Educational enhancement
Carmencita Acedera 1982-1991 Image-building of the profession
Marilyn Atienza 1992-1996 Proactivism
Norma Chang 1997-2000 International leadership
Agnes Meddenilla 2001-2002/2005-2006 Organizational dynamism
Shirley Cruzada 2003-2004 Interdisciplinary networking
Leila Florento 2007-2012 Beyond expectations
Romeo Joseph Ignacio 2013-1015 Advancement of the profession though VOICE
(Visibility, Oneness, Integrity, Commitment, and
Excellence)

Ronaldo Puno 2015-Present Empowerment

Philippine Association of Schools of Medical

Technology and Public Health (PASMETH) 3. To take a united stand in matters which affect the interest
of medical technology and public health education
• After the 1970 recognition of medical technology as a
4. To seek advice, aid and assistance from any government
profession
or private entity for the fulfillment of the aims and purposes of
Dr. Narciso Albaraccin- director of the Bureau of the association
Private schools under the Department of Education
appointed Dr. Serafin Juliano of Far Eastern PASMETH Insignia
University and Dr. Gustavo Reyes of the University
of Santo Tomas to organize an association that
would foster and maintain close relation and
coordination among medical technology schools
in the Philippines which they established the
Philippine Association of Schools of Medical
Technology and Public Health on May 13, 1970
• June 22, 1970 the first organizational meeting was
held at the University of Santo Tomas
• April 30, 1972 The first set of officers was re-elected
for a second term
• October 6, 1989 Formally registered with the
Securities and Exchange Commission

PASMETH in 2016 was considered the national Circle represents the continuity of learning and never-ending
organization of all recognized schools offering quest for excellence in the academic field
Bachelor of Science in Medical Laboratory
Diamond – each corner represents the objectives of the
Science and Bachelor of Science in Public Health
association
continuing the advancement of their advocacy and
achieve their four objectives: Microscope- represents the field of Medical Technology and
1. To encourage thorough study of the needs public health
and problems of medical technology and
public health education and offer solutions 1970 is the founding year
2. To work for continuous development of
medical technology and public health
education in order that the profession will be
of maximum service to the country

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 TRANS: MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES

Table No. 1 Roster of PASMETH Presidents

PRESIDENT TERMS OF SERVICE AFFILIATION
Dr. Gustavo U. Reyes 1970-1973 University of Santo Tomas
1980-1981
Dr. Ibarra T. Panopio 1973-1974 Velez College
Dr. Angelita G. Adeva 1974-1977 University of Santo Tomas
Dr. Elizabeth M. del Rio 1977-1980 Martinez Memorial Colleges
1982-1983
Dr. Claro D. Cabrera 1981-1982 Far Eastern University
Dr. Norma V. Lerma 1983-1984 University of Santo Tomas
Dr. Vicencio T. Torres 1984-1985 Luzon Colleges
Prof. Nardito D. Moraleta 1985-1988 Far Eastern University
Dean Norma N. Chang 1988-1995 San Juan de Dios Educational Foundation, Inc.
Prof. Rodolfo R. Rabor 1996-2000 University of Santo Tomas
Dr. Nini F. Lim 2000-2002 Philippine Women’s University
Dr. Zenaida C. Cajucom 2002-2010 World Citi Colleges and Martinez Memorial Colleges
Dir. Magdalena F Natividad 2010-2012 Far Eastern University
Dean Bernar U. Ebuen 2012-present Arellano University

STUDENTS ORGANIZATION AND SOCIETIES

PHISMETS Emblem
Philippine Society of Medical Technology Students
(PHISMETS)
• An organization established in pursuit of PASMETH’s goal
of promoting the growth and development of all medical
technology students.

• Has 16 chapters all over the country, six of which are

located in NCR.

• Dr. Charito M. Bermido and Dr. Dernard U. Ebuen as chair

president.

Goals:

• The organization aims to:

o Organize a central body that coordinates all the
activities pertinent to Medical Technology student
development
o Promote the growth and development of all Medical
Technology students
o Promote and stimulate the exchange of best practices
in Medical Technology through international, national,
regional/provincial and local conferences, seminar
workshops, colloquia, and meetings
o Promote, stimulate and support student research in the
area of Medical Technology and related fields
o Provide an information network and monitoring system
of activities in the Medical Technology academic
community, both in the local and national scene.
• The PHISMETS logo result of Resolution No. 051411-08
which mandated the design and use of a national
organization emblem
• The Three Circles symbolizes the continuous active
involvement of Luzon, Visayas and Mindanao to the
national transforming venue of Medical Laboratory Science
Students.
• The Laurel symbolizes Nature and the continuation
of Life every year.
• Green corresponds to the color Health.
• The 5 Bubbles from a Test Tube represent the 5
objectives embodied in the Constitution.

• The 15 Interconnected Molecules outside a test tube

signify the Unity of the 15 Board Schools exploring
various possibilities and aiming towards the integral growth

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 TRANS: MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY PROFESSIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN THE PHILIPPINES
and holistic development of Medical Laboratory Science
Students.
• The Microscope signifies Medical Laboratory Science.
RIGHTS AND OBLIGATION OF ORGANIZATION,
OFFICIALS, AND MEMBERS
Rights and Obligations of Professional Organizations
The rights of any professional organization:
• To act as representatives of the body in any meeting,
session, and gathering conducted by the CHED or the
recognized Board or Commission;
• To act as the exclusive representative of medical
technologists as in the case of PAMET; medical technology
professors as in the case of PASMETH; or students of
medical technology in the case of the implementation of
new changes in the medical technology curriculum as set
forth by the Technical Panel of the CHED;
• To implement rules, regulations, and policies regarding
membership and other related activities;
• To undertake and conduct activities like seminars,
workshops, and conventions for the members’ professional
growth and development; and
• To do or perform any act for the benefit of the members and
the organization.
o Any professional organization is bound to serve
every member if it is for his/her benefit and not
against public safety, order, and peace.
o It is mandatory for any professional organization to
provide the opportunity for each member to attend
seminars, workshops, and conventions that will
improve his/her intellectual knowledge and
technical know-how.
Rights and Obligations of the Members
• A bona fide member of any legitimate professional
organization is bound to obey the policies, rules and
regulation of the said organization. He/she has:
o the right to cote and to be elected in any position;
o the right to be informed of the changes in medical
technology education, organizational structure,
and the latest scientific and technological
innovation;
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o the right to have the opportunity for training if it is
for improvement of his/her professional career.
• In order for a legitimate organization to exist, each member
is obliged to register as a member by paying a reasonable:
o Amount of membership fee;
o Uphold the objectives, goals, and virtues of being
a professional; and
o To render services voluntary and willingly for the
benefit of other members, the organization itself,
and the society as a whole.
Benefits of being a Member of a Professional
Organization
• Internship and Job Opportunities
• Conferences
• Industry Standards
• Code of Ethics
• Updates on Policies
Legal Issues and Concerns
Some Legal Issues and Concerns
• Power of the organization to control any form of malpractice
in the profession
• Power to monitor the increasing number of schools offering
the B.S. Medical Technology program
• Power to hear and settle grievances of the members
• Public display of or access to documents of the
organization, especially the accounting records or financial
reports
Other Concerns and Issues
• Sponsorship of every member in a convention or seminar-
workshop abroad
• Regular monthly meeting of the members
• Suggestions or solicited advice in improving the
performance of schools in the board examination
• Settlement of conflicts in the workplace, and improvement
in the working conditions of medical technologists
• Full supervision, monitoring, and governance of the
members’ activities in the workplace.
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