Aakash Model Test Papers Solutions Annual 22 23 XII Physics

Solutions
PHYSICS
Model Test Papers
Solutions of Model Test Paper-1 Physics (Class XII)
Solutions AY2022-23
of
Model Test Paper-1
For School/Board Exams
PHYSICS
Topics: Complete Syllabus of Class XII
SECTION - A
Ans. 1. (2)
Kq1q2
F=
r2
1st case:
2 C 6 C
12 = K …(i)
r2
2nd case:
q1 = +2 C – 4 C = – 2C
q2 = +6 C – 4 C = + 2C
( −2 C)  ( +2 C)
F =K …(ii)
r2
Divide equation (i) and (ii)
12 12
=  F = −4 N
F −4
Charges are of opposite sign, hence force is attractive.
Ans. 2. (1)
Change in potential energy  U = V × q
V is positive
 U will also be positive.
Ans. 3. (3)
4 F capacitor is short circuited.
 Both 2 F capacitors are in series combination
1 1 1
= +  Ceq = 1 F
Ceq 2 2
Ans. 4. (1)
The simplified circuit is
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(1)
Physics (Class XII) Solutions of Model Test Paper-1
V = iR
5 = i × 2.5
i=2A
Ans. 5. (4)
V2
P=
Reff
4R
Reff =
4+R
(10)2
200 =
 4R 
4+R
 
8R = 4 + R
4
R= 
7
Ans. 6. (1)
Magnetic field does no work on a moving charge, hence no change in kinetic energy of the charged
particle.
Ans. 7. (4)
On a current-carrying closed loop in a uniform magnetic field, the net force is always zero.
Ans. 8. (2)
Apparent and real depth phenomena take place due to refraction.
Ans. 9. (3)
Angular momentum in stationary orbit is given by
nh
L= , n = 1, 2, 3......
2
Total energy of electron in hydrogen atom is,
13.6
E=− eV, n = 1, 2, 3.....
n2
E1 = –13.6 eV, E3 = –1.51 eV, E = –1.51 + 13.6 = 12.09 eV
It means electron will jump from n = 1 to n = 3.
nh 3h
Hence, L = =
2 2
(2)
Ans. 10. (2)

12400
Energy of photon  E = eV = 3.1 eV
4000
Photoelectric equation,
E =  + KEmax  KEmax = 3.1eV− 2.0 eV
KEmax = 1.1 eV
Ans. 11. (4)
Microwaves are used to cook food.
Ans. 12. (1)
E = mc 2
1 1.6  10 −27  (3  108 )2

= MeV = 931 MeV.
1.6  10 −19  106
Ans. 13. (2)
Total energy = PE + KE
KZe  e KZe 2
TE = − +
r 2r
−KZe2
=
2r
Ans. 14. (2)
Current carriers in conductor are electrons.
Ans. 15. (3)
For insulators, energy gap is greater than 3 eV.
Ans. 16. (4)
An electromagnetic wave cannot be deflected by magnetic or electric since it is not consist of charge
particles.
Ans. 17. (3)
⚫ Faraday’s law is, in fundamental, a consequence of energy conservation.
⚫ In purely resistive circuit, the current and emf are in phase.
Ans. 18. (2)
⚫ An electric charge always produce electric field whether it is in rest or in motion.
⚫ A moving charge produces magnetic field along with electric field.
Ans. 19. The amount of scattered light as per Rayleigh’s criteria depends on wavelength as
1
Scattering  [1]
4
As, R  B
Hence, blue colour scatters more in the sky, thus the sky appears to be blue. [1]
(3)
Ans. 20. Lenz’s law: The direction of induced current in any coil will be such that it always opposes the cause of
its generation. It is based on energy conservation.
As we know  = vBlsin
As velocity of the rod, magnetic field and its length are mutually perpendicular, so emf will induce across
the ends. [1]
Ans. 21. Current is same, [½]
i 1
Drift speed v d = , v d  , so drift speed will be different. [½]
neA A
i 1
Current density J = , J  , so current density will be different. [½]
A A
 eE  
Electric field i = neAv d = neA  
 m 
im 1
E= , E   Electric field will be different [½]
ne2 A A
OR
Given i = 1.0 A, n = 5.0 × 1028 per m3, A = 1.0 × 10–7 m2
i 1 10
vd = = =  10−3 = 1.25  10−3 m/s [2]
neA 5  1028  1.6  10−19  1 10−7 8
(
Ans. 22. Magnetic force F = q v  B )
F = qvB sin  [1]
Magnetic force is perpendicular to velocity

Work done W = F  S
W = FScos90°
W=0 [1]
OR
Magnetic field at centre due to coil (1)
0I
B1 =
2R
Magnetic field at centre due to coil (2)
 0I 3
B2 =
2R
B1 and B 2 are perpendicular to each other, so net field [1]
(4)
B = B12 + B22
 0I
= 1+ 3
2R
0I
= [1]
R
Ans. 23. Consider an inductor of inductance L. When current in inductor is i then energy stored in inductor is U.
dU = Vi dt [½]
Where V is the potential difference across the inductor and I is the current flowing through it.
di
V =L [½]
dt
di
dU = L i dt
dt
dU = Li di [½]
i
U = L idi
0
1
U = Li 2 [½]
2
 h 
Ans. 24. Electrons can revolve only in those orbits in which its angular momentum is integral multiple of  
 2 
nh
mvr = [2]
2
Ans. 25. The junction diode is reverse biased, so current is zero. [2]
Ans. 26. (a) As we know that
Kinetic energy = – (Total energy)
= – (–1.5)
= 1.5 eV [½]
(b) Potential energy = 2 (Total energy)
= 2 × (–1.5)
= –3.0 eV [½]
(c) Energy released when electron makes a transition to ground state
E = −1.5 − ( −13.6)
= 12.1 eV [1]
hc
= 12.1 1.6  10−19

(5)
6.6  10 −34  3  108

=
12.1 1.6  10 −19
19.8  10−7
=
12.1 1.6
= 1.022  10−7 m
= 1022 Å (Approximately) [1]
Ans. 27. Assume an electron is revolving around the nucleus in a circular orbit of radius r with speed v. Magnetic
moment of atom is M.
Magnetic moment M = iA [1]
e 2
= r
T
ev 2
= r
2r
evr
M= [1]
2
According to Bohr
nh
L = mvr =
2
e nh
M=
2me 2
 eh 
M = n [1]
 4me 
OR
Inductive reactance XL = L = 1000 × 1000 × 10–3
= 1000 
1 1
Capacitive reactance XC = =
C 1000  2  10−6
= 500  [1]
X L − XC 1000 − 500
Phase difference tan  = =
R 500
(6)
tan  = 1
 = 45 [1]
Since inductive reactance is more than capacitive reactance therefore voltage leads the current by 45°. [1]
Ans. 28. According to Snell’s law:
2 v1 1
= =
1 v 2  2
4
3 = 6000
1 w
6000  3
w = = 4500Å [1]
4
1 v1
=
2 v 2
4 3  108
=
3 vw
9  108
vw = = 2.25  108 m/s [1]
4
Frequency of light is the fundamental property of source and thus independent of medium. Hence,
frequency of light in water remain same as in air.
c 3  108
= = = 5  1014 Hz [1]
 6  10−7
OR
[1]
According to Snell's law
n2 sin i i
= = (If i and r are small)
n1 sin r r
n2r = n1i ...(1)
From OAC :  +  = i
(7)
From IAC :  +  = r
Put i and r in equation (1)
n2 (  + ) = n1 (  +  ) ...(2)
From OAP
AP h
tan  =  = = [1]
OP −u
From IAP
AP h
tan  =  = =
IP −v
From CAP
AP h
tan  =  = =
CP R
Put in equation (2)
 h h  h h
n2  −  = n1  − 
R v  R u
n2 n1 n2 n1
− = −
R R v u
n2 n1 n2 − n1
− = [1]
v u R
Ans. 29. (a) As we know intensity is proportional to the slit width
I1 b1
=
I2 b2
I1 9
= [1]
I2 1
2
Imax  I1 + I2 
2
4
=  = 
Imin  I1 − I2  2
Imax 4
= [1]
Imin 1
(b) It does not violet energy conservation law. In interference, only redistribution of energy takes place.
Energy of points on which destructive interference takes place transfer to those points where
constructive interference takes place. [1]
Ans. 30. Nuclear reaction
1H
1 + 1H1 + 1H1 + 1H1 → 2He4 + 210 +  + Q [1]
Mass of reactant = 4 × 1.007825 = 4.031300 amu
Mass of product = 4.002603 amu
Mass defect m = 0.028697 amu [1]
Energy released Q = 0.028697 × 931 = 26.7 MEV [1]
(8)
Ans. 31. (a) Electric potential due to dipole
1 q
Potential due to +q at A, V1 =
40 ( r − a )
1 −q
Potential due to –q at A, V2 = [1]
40 ( r + a )
Net potential at A
V = V1 + V2
1  1 1 
V= q −
40  r − a r + a 
q r + a − r + a 
=  r 2 − a2 
40  
1 q  2a
=
(
40 r 2 − a2 )
P = q × 2A
1 P
V= [1]
(
40 r − a2
2
)
For short dipole a << r, then
1 P
v= [1]
40 r 2
(
(b) W = VP2 − VP1 Q ) [1]
1 q q q q 
VP1 = − + − =0
40  x x x x 
1 q q q q 
VP2 = − + − =0

40  y y a / 2 a / 2 
( )
W = VP2 − VP 1  Q = 0 [1]
(9)
OR
(a) Gauss’s law: It states that the electric flux passing through closed surface is numerically equal to
charge enclosed by the surface divided by 0.
Electric field due to spherical shell:
(i) r < R
E × 4r2 = 0  E = 0
(ii) r  R
q q
E  4r 2 =  E=
0 4r 2 0
(b) Effective capacitance of C2, C3 and C4
C = 2 + 2 + 2 = 6F
Effective circuit of C, C1 and C5

1 1 1 1 1+ 3 + 3
= + + =
C 6 2 2 6
6
C= F [1]
7
1 1 6
U = CV 2 =   49
2 2 7
= 21 J [1]
Ans. 32.
[1]
OOP and II P are similar
(10)
OO OP
= ...(1)
II  PI
FAP and FI I are similar
AP PF
=
II  FI
AP = OO
OO PF
= ...(2) [1]
II  FI
Compare (1) and (2)
OP PF
= ...(3)
PI FI
−u −f
=
−v −v + f
uv − uf = vf
Divide by uvf [1]
1 1 1
− =
f v u
1 1 1
+ = [1]
v u f
If object lies between pole and focus then
1 1 1
= −
v −f −u
1 1 1
=− + [1]
v f u
If u < f then v will be positive and image formed will be virtual. [1]
OR
[1]
(11)
Angle of vision formed by final image when

viewed through instrument
Magnifying power M =
Angle of vision formed by object when viewed
through naked eye and placed at D

M= [1]

AB
From ABE tan  =  =
AE
AB
From ABE tan  =  =
AE
AB
  AB  AE 
M = = AE =  [1]
 AB  AB  AE 

AE
v 0  −D 
=−  
u0  −ue 
v0  D 
M=−   [1]
u0  ue 
Final image formed at D
u = −ue , v = −D, f = fe
1 1 1
= +
fe −D ue
1 1 1
= +
ue D fe
Multiply both sides by D
D D
= 1+
ue fe
v0  D 
M=− 1 +  [1]
u0  fe 
Ans. 33. Current loop PQRS of length l and width b is placed in uniform magnetic field B, such that area vector
makes an angle . When a current i flows in loop then it experiences a torque.
[1]
(12)
Force on PQ and RS
F1 = F2 = iBl [1]
And forces on QR and PS will cancel each other
Forces F1 and F2 are equal and opposite but not collinear so it experiences a torque.
From figure (2)
BC BC
sin  = =
AB b
BC = b sin 
[1]
Torque = Force × perpendicular distance

= iBl × bsin
A=b×
 = iBA sin  [1]

If coil has N turns
 = NiAB sin 
 = MB sin  { M = NiA (Magnetic dipole moment)}
In vector form
 = M B [1]
OR
(a) Faraday’s law:
(1) If there is a change in magnetic flux linked with a coil then emf is induced in the coil. [1]
(2) The emf induced in the coil is proportional to the rate of change of magnetic flux
d
e = −N  [1]
dt
(b) Consider an element of length dx at distance x from axis of rotation.
[1]
(13)
dV = vBdx
dV = ( x) Bdx
dV = Bxdx [1]
V l
0
dV = B xdx
0
1
V= Bl 2 [1]
2
Ans. 34. (a) Change in potential is zero. So work done in moving a unit charge from A to B is zero. [1]
(b) Work done = PE
=qV
= 1 × (10)
= 10 J [1]
(c) Relation between electric field and electric potential.
V = −  E.dr [1]
Since, at equipotential surface electric potential at every point is same.

−  E.dr = 0
 Electric field is perpendicular to dr [1]
OR
V = 2x2yz.
dV ˆ dV dV ˆ
E = −− i− j− k
dx dy dZ
= – 4xyziˆ -2x 2zjˆ − 2x 2 ykˆ [2]
1 1
Ans. 35. (a) µ = µ= = 2.42 [1]
sin C sin24.4º
(b) When diamond is immersed in a liquid with a refractive index greater than water, then its resultant
refractive index will decrease. As a result, critical angle will increase.
1
sinc = [1]
µ
(c) The brilliancy of a diamond is due to small critical angle with respect to air. The light which enters the
diamond is totally reflected at the various faces of the diamond and emerges only when angle of
incidence at some face is less than critical angle. As a result all the light entering the diamond emerges
in a few direction only and diamond sparkles brilliantly when seen along these direction. [2]
(14)
OR
Snell’s law: It states that ratio of sine of incidence to sine of refracted angle is constant.
[1]
For TIR takes place

µsinc = 1 × sin90°
1
sin c =
µ
 1
 c = sin−1   [1]
µ
❑ ❑ ❑
(15)
Solutions AY2022-23
of
Model Test Paper-2
PHYSICS
SECTION - A
Ans. 1. (2)
As we can see in the figure, E  O

K  2q k ( −q ) k ( −q )
and V = + +
r r r
 V=0
Ans. 2. (1)
Torque on dipole in uniform field is given by
 = P E
Ans. 3. (4)
There are four capacitors in the system and they are parallel to each other. Hence,
Ceq = 4C
Ans. 4. (3)
Initial length = l0 and Resistance = R0
We know that, for constant volume of the wire,
R  l2
10
New length of the wire = l0 + l = 1.1 l0
100 0
R l02
 =  R = 1.21 R0
R (1.1 l0 )2
Specific resistance is the property of the material. Hence, it remains same.
(16)
Ans. 5. (1)
Galvanometer:
Voltmeter:
V = ir  100 = 50 × 10–3 (RG + R)

R = (2000 – 25)  = 1975 
Ans. 6. (4)
−d 
=
dt
=−
d
dt
(
10t 2 − 50t )
|| = |10 × 2t – 50|
at t = 2 s
|| = 10 volt
Ans. 7. (1)
Capacitive reactance is given by,
1
XC =
C
if  then XC
Ans. 8. (2)
de Broglie wavelength is given by,
h
=
p
Same  means same p.
p2 1
Kinetic energy, k = k
2m m
Electron has less mass, therefore it will have more kinetic energy than proton.
Ans. 9. (3)
n2
R , where n is the orbit number
Z
a 12
=  R = 9a
R 32
Ans. 10. (1)
R = R0 A1/3
1/3
R1  A1 
= 
R2  A2 
(17)
Ans. 11. (1)

Binding energy = mc2
mc 2
Binding energy per nucleon =
A
Ans. 12. (2)
The unit of power is dioptre.
Ans. 13. (4)
Output frequency is double as that of input frequency in case of full-wave rectifier.
Ans. 14. (1)
X-rays have largest frequency among the given waves, hence its wavelength will be shortest.
Ans. 15. (4)
190
i= =5 A
38
Ans. 16. (1)
Both assertion and reason are correct and reason is correct explanation of assertion
Ans. 17. (1)
Both A and R are true and R is correct explanation of A.
Explanation: The magnetic field lines always form closed loops. As the turns of the wire in a toroid are
wounded over its core in circular form, the field lines are confined within the core of the toroid.
Ans. 18. (4)
Electric field lines never intersect each other. At a point, we will get only one resultant electric field.
Assertion and reason are incorrect
Ans. 19. (1) Light should travel from denser medium to rarer medium. [1]
(2) Angle of incidence should be greater than critical angle. [1]
Ans. 20. (a) In electromagnetic wave, electric and magnetic field vectors are in same phase or phase difference
is zero. [1]
(b) The surface in electric field at which potential of each point is same is called equipotential surface.
[1]
Ans. 21. Electric vector E , magnetic vector B and velocity of light C lies in perpendicular planes. If electric field
is along Y-direction, magnetic vector along Z-direction, then light propagates in X-direction. The relation
between C, E and B is
E
C= [2]
B
OR
d d
e=− = − ( BA )
dt dt
(18)
dB
e = −A [1]
dt
d
= −A ( B0 + t )
dt
= −r 2 ( 0 +  )
= −r 2 [1]
Ans. 22. Potential difference across 10  = 10 V
V
Current in 10  resistance i =
R
10
i= =1A [1]
10
Potential difference across R = 2 V
Current flowing in R = 1 A
v 2
R= = =2 [1]
i 1
OR
Let length of solenoid is l, number of turns is N and area of each turn is A.
N  NBA
As we know L = = [1]
i i
  Ni 
N 0 A
= 
l 
i
0 N 2 A
L= [1]
l
Ans. 23. According to Bohr
(1) An electron in an atom could revolve in certain stable orbits without the emission of radiant energy.
[1]
 h 
(2) Electron can revolve only in those orbits in which its angular momentum is integral multiple of  
 2 
nh
i.e. mvr = [1]
2
(19)
Ans. 24. Einstein’s equation

1
mv max 2 = h − 
2
1
mv max 2 = h − h0 = h (  − 0 ) [1]
2
Main features of photon
(i) In the interaction of photons and electrons, the entire energy of photon is absorbed.
(ii) Energy of photon is directly proportional to frequency. [1]
Ans. 25. Circuit diagram : To use (p - n) junction diode as a half-wave rectifier connect it as shown in figure.
[1]
In first half cycle when input AC source is positive, junction diode is forward-biased and current flows in
load from A to B. In second half cycle when input AC source is negative, then junction diode is reverse-
biased and no output is obtained. This process repeats again and again so positive half cycle appears in
output while negative half disappears.
So junction diode acts as half-wave rectifier. [1]
Ans. 26. (i) The surface integral of electric field over a closed surface is directly proportional to net charge enclosed
within the closed surface.
qin
 E d A =
0
[1]
(ii) [1]
Consider thin sheet of charge having charge density 

qin
 E  ds =  0
Electric flux through the curved surface of the cylindrical surface is zero.
A
0 + EA + EA =
0

E= [1]
20
(20)
Ans. 27. For lens

u = –40 cm f = 20 cm v1 = ?
1 1 1
= −
f v u
1 1 1
= +
20 v1 40
1 1 1
= −
v1 20 40
v1 = 40 cm [1]
For mirror
R 20
u = 25 cm f2 = = = 10 cm, v 2 = ?
2 2
1 1 1
= +
f v u
1 1 1
= + [1]
10 v 2 25
1 1 1 5−2
= − =
v 2 10 25 50
50
v2 = cm (from mirror) [1]
3
Ans. 28. Voltage across L = Voltage across C at resonance [1]
V
i= [1]
R
VL = VC = i X C [1]
100 1
= 
1 10 200  2  10 −6
3
= 250 V [1]
i −f
Ans. 29. Magnifying power = = o [1]
o u e
[1]
(21)
Final image formed by eyepiece in normal adjustment is at infinite.

Ue = fe, v =  [1]
i f f
Magnifying power M = =− o =− o
0 ue fe
fo
M=− [1]
fe
OR
The distance between any two consecutive dark or bright fringe is called fringe width. [½]
D
Distance of first bright y1 =
d
2D
Distance of second bright y 2 = [1]
d
Fringe width  = y 2 − y 1
2D D
= −
d d
D
= [1]
d
If slit size is different then contrast of fringe will decrease. [½]
Ans. 30. (a) VA – 2 × 2 – 3 – 2 × 1 = VB [1]
VA – VB = 4 + 3 + 2 = 9V [1]
(b) [1]
Ans. 31. (a) Ray Diagram
[2]
(22)
Object AB is placed just beyond the focus of objective, whose image AB by objective forms between
eyepiece and focus of eyepiece. Image AB behaves as object for eyepiece whose final image
AB formed by eyepiece at least distance of vision. [½]
(b) fo = 1 cm, fe = 3 cm, uo = 1.2 cm, ve = – 25 cm
L = vo + ue
For objective
uo = –1.2, cm f0 = 1 cm, vo = ?
1 1 1
= −
fo v o uo
1 1 1
= +
1 v o 1.2
1 1 1 1.2 − 1
= − =  v o = 6 cm [1]
v o 1 1.2 1.2
For eyepiece
ve = –25 cm, ue = ?
fe = 3 cm
1 1 1
= − [½]
3 −25 ue
1 1 1   50 + 6 
= − +  = − 
ue  3 25   150 
150
ue = − = −2.68 cm
56
L = 6 + 2.68 = 8.68 cm [1]
KQA KQB
Ans. 32. (a) (i) V = +
RA RB
1  QA QB 
=  +  [1½]
40  RA RB 
KQA KQB
(ii) V = +
R R
1  QA + QB 
= [1]
40  R 

(23)
(b) E =  dE cos 
K ( dq ) x
=  R2 + x2  [1]
R + x2
2
[½]
K ( dq ) x
E=
(R )
3/2
2
+ x2
KQx
=
(R )
3/2
2
+ x2
1 Qx
= [1]
(
40 R 2 + x 2
)
3/2
OR
(a)
2 F, 3 F, 5 F are in parallel

C = 2 + 3 + 5 = 10 F [1]
[1]
10  10
Ceq =
10 + 10
Ceq = 5 F [1]
0 A
(b) Formula of capacitance of parallel plate = [1]
d
q2
Formula of energy stored in capacitor = [1]
2C
(24)
Ans. 33. (a) Consider a circular coil of radius R and number of turns N. When a current i flows in the coil then
magnetic field at centre of coil is B.
Magnetic field due to small current element idl at centre
0 idl sin90
dB =
4 R2
0 idl
dB = [1]
4 R 2
Net field due to one turn
0 i
B =  dB =
4 R 2 
dl
0 i
B=  2R
4 R 2
0 i
B= [1]
2R
If coil has N turns
0Ni
B= [½]
2R
(b)  B  dl =  iin
(i) Inside
i r 2
B  2r = r 0
R 2
(r < R)
 r 0 i
B= r [1]
2 R 2
[½]
(25)
(ii) Outside
 B  dl =  iin
(r > R)
B  2r = 0 i
0 i
B= [1]
2 r
OR
(a)
It is in resonance state
XL = XC [1]
1
L =
C
1 1
C= = [1]
( 2f ) 4  2500  50  10−3
2 2
L
C = 202.8 F [½]
(b) Step-up transformer: It is the transformer that converts low voltage to high voltage. Number of
primary coils is less than number of secondary coils in step-up transformer. [1½]
Step-down transformer : It is the transformer that converts high voltage to low voltage. Number of
primary coils is more than number of secondary coils in step-down transformer. [1]
Ans. 34. (a) de Broglie wavelength is inversely proportional to velocity of an electron wavelength will become half.
[1]
(b) Momentum P = mv
2KE
P= , where KE is kinetic energy
V
If kinetic energy as well as speed are doubled, the momentum will remain unchanged. Hence
de Broglie wavelength will remain same. [2]
h 6.63  10−34
(c)  = = = 10–33 m [1]
mv 60  10−3  11
V
Ans. 35. (a) R = [1]
I
(b) Holes and electrons tend to move away from junction [1]
(26)
(c) For a P-N junction diode, in reverse bias, the region of depletion region is thick so the current is very
less and it is of the order of µA.
In case of forward bias, the region of depletion region is thin so the current is quite high, it is of the
order of mA. [2]
OR
Forward biasing: If voltage is applied across the diode in such a way that positive terminal of the battery
is connected to p-type semiconductor and negative terminal is connected to n-type, then the diode is said
to be forward-biased. [1]
Reverse biasing: It voltage is applied across the diode in such a way that, the positive terminal of the
battery is connected to n-type and negative terminal of the battery is connected to p-type semiconductor,
then the diode is said to be reverse-biased [1]
❑ ❑ ❑
(27)
Solutions AY2022-23
of
Model Test Paper-3
PHYSICS
SECTION - A
Ans. 1. (2) [1]
Here: n = 109 electron/sec
q = ne
= 109 × 1.6 × 10–19 C

= 1.6 × 10–10 C
Total charge Q = 1C
Q
t=
q
1
= s
1.6  10−10
= 6.25  109 s
Ans. 2. (3) [1]
Dimensional formula of electric flux is [M1L3T–3A–1]
Ans. 3. (2) [1]
r = 1 + 
Ans. 4. (4) [1]
qE = −qV  B
(
−eE = e 100iˆ  5kˆ )
E = −500 − jˆ ( )
 v 
E =  500  ˆj
 m
Ans. 5. (3) [1]
When an object placed between f and C of a concave mirror, the image formed would be real and
magnified.
(28)
Ans. 6. (1) [1]

Spherical wavefront will emerge from the point light source.
Ans. 7. (2) [1]
de Broglie wavelength
h h h 1
= =  2 =  2 
P 2mK 2 mK K
Ans. 8. (2)
Q = 3t2 +2t
dQ
i= = 6t + 2
dt
At t = 5 s
i = 6 × 5 + 2 = 32 A
Ans. 9. (1)
More the binding energy per nucleon the more stable the nucleus is.
Ans. 10. (2)
The current though wire is called conduction current whereas current flowing between the gap of capacitor
plates is called displacement current.
Ans. 11. (2)
P R ( S1 + S2 )
=
Q S1S2
Ans. 12. (1)
represents forward biased.
Ans. 13. (1)
Applying Amper’s circuital law.
 B.dL = µ0 (i )
µ i
B= 0
2r
(29)
Ans. 14. (2)

−Ldi
=
dt
−L(2 − 10)
3.28 =
0.1
3.28  0.1
 L=
8
L = 0.04 H
Ans. 15. (1)
h
P=

Pe
=1: 1
Pp
Ans. 16. (2)

Both A and R are true and R is not correct explanation of A.
Ans. 17. (3)
Assertion is correct whereas reason is not correct.
Ans. 18. (3)
Assertion is correct whereas reason is wrong.
1 1 1 
= (1.5 − 1)  − 
f  R –R 
1 2
= ( 0.5 )   f = R
f R
Ans. 19. (i) Frequency being a characteristics of source of light, does not change with change of medium.
Refractive index of medium defined as
c speed of light in vaccum
= =
v speed of light in medium
1
As v =     (  is same in different media)

Hence, wavelength of light is different in different media. [1]
(ii) According to Huygen’s principle, each point on a wavefront is a source of secondary wave; which
add up to give a wavefront at any latter time. [1]
Ans. 20. (i) Forward biased: As forward voltage opposes the potential barrier and thus effective barrier potential
decreases. It makes the width of the depletion layer smaller. [1]
(ii) Reverse biased: As the reverse voltage supports the potential barrier and thus effective barrier
potential increases. It makes the width of the depletion layer larger. [1]
(30)
OR
The volume of the nucleus is directly proportional to the number of nucleons (mass number) constituting
the nucleus.
4 3
R  A (where R is radius and A is the mass number) [1]
3
1
R  A3
1
R = R0 A 3 [1]

Ans. 21. Fringe width of interference pattern decreases so,  = [2]


=
1.3
Ans. 22. Energy band diagram of n-type semiconductor at T > 0 K
[1]
In n-type semiconductor donor level will be nearer to conduction band edge energy level (EC)
Also ne > nh [1]
Ans. 23. Given: Vrms = 100 Volt;  = 50 Hz, R = 20 
L = 2 × 10–3 H
(i) Z = R 2 + X L2
X L = 2L
= 100 ×  × 2 × 10–3
 0.63 
( 20 ) + ( 0.63 )
2 2
Z=
 20  [1]
Vrms
(ii) Irms =
Z
100
= =5A [1]
20
(31)
OR
Relation between the resistivity and relaxation time:
eE
We know that drift velocity of electron is given by Vd = 
m
V
But E =
l
eV V  ml
 Vd =   d =V [1]
m l e
According to Ohm’s law
ml ml
Vd Vd
V
R= = e = e I = neAVd
I I neAVd
Vd ml
R=
e  neAVd
m l
R= 
ene A
l
R =
A
m m
=  = [1]
ene e 2 n
Which is the required relationship between resistivity and relaxation time of electrons.
Ans. 24.
Here qA = q and qB = –2q

KqA
VPA =
x
Kq
VPA =
x
KqB
VPB =
(d − x )
 −2Kq 
VPB =   [1]
d−x 
VPA + VPB = 0
Kq 2Kq
=
( ) ( − x)
x d
(32)
d – x = 2x
3x = d
d
x= [1]
3
Ans. 25. Here, r1 = 1 m, r2 = 3 m, r3 = 9 m ……….
Net electric field E = E 1 + E 2 + E 2 + ......... E 
 q q q 
E = + + + ......... 
 40 (1) 40 ( 3 ) 40 ( 9 ) 
2 2 2
q  1 1 1 
E=  2+ + + .......  [1]
40  (1) (3) (9)
2 2


 
q  1   a 
=   using S = 
40  1   1− r 
1−
 9 
9q
= N/C [1]
32 0
1
Ans. 26. (i) According to Gauss’s law, total flux over a closed surface S in vacuum is times the total charge
0
enclosed by closed surface S.
qenclosed
 E  dS = 0
[1]
(ii) Assume a cylindrical Gaussian surface around the wire such that axis of cylinder coincides with the
wire.
 is the linear charge density of the wire

qin
 E  dS = 0
[1]

E  2r =
0

E= [1]
2r 0
(33)
1
Ans. 27. Ui = CV 2
2
1
 12  10−12  ( 50 )
2
=
2
= 15 × 10–9 J [1]
When two capacitors connected in series, then
6  12
 Cs =
18
Cs = 4 [1]
Cs = 4 pF , V = 50 V
q = CsV  q = 4  50
= 200 pC
200
V1 = = 16.6 V
12
200
V2 = = 33.33 V [1]
6
Ans. 28. (i) The behavior of magnetic field lines in the presence of paramagnetic substance is shown [1]
(ii) The behavior of magnetic field lines in the presence of a diamagnetic substance is shown [1]
This distinguishing feature is because of the difference in their relative permeability, the relative
permeability of the diamagnetic substance is less than one, so less magnetic lines of force pass
through the substance. The relative permeability of paramagnetic substance is greater than 1 so the
magnetic lines of force prefer passing through the substance. [1]
(34)
OR
Self-induction: When the current in the coil is changed, a back emf is induced in the same coil. This
phenomenon is called self-induction. If L is the self-inductance of the coil then
I
 = LI

L= [1]
I
The unit of self-inductance is henry.
Consider a long air-filled solenoid having n number of turn per unit length. If current in solenoid is I
then magnetic field within the solenoid
B =  0 nI ------- (1)
Where 0 = 4  10 −7 henry/metre is the permeability of free space.
If A is cross-sectional area of solenoid, then effective flux is linked with solenoid of length ‘’.
 = NBA
Where N= n is the number of turns
 = n BA [1]
On substituting the value of B from (1)

 = n ( 0 nI ) A = 0 n 2 Al
 = LI
LI = 0 n 2 Al
L = 0 n 2 A
N
n=
0N 2 A
L= [1]
Ans. 29. Failure of wave theory of light to explain photoelectric effect

(i) According to wave theory, greater the intensity of radiation, greater the amplitude of electric and
magnetic field and hence greater energy density of the wave. So, the maximum kinetic energy of the
photoelectron emitted must depend on intensity of incident light, however practically it does not
happen. So independence of maximum kinetic energy of photoelectron emitted on intensity of
incident light cannot be explained using wave theory of light. [1]
(ii) Also, whatever the frequency of incident radiation may be, incident light of large intensity over a
sufficient time must be able to impart enough energy to the electrons. So that they can get of the
metal surface. So, a threshold frequency must not exist. [1]
(35)
(iii) Further, number of electrons absorbing energy continuously over the entire wavefront of the radiation.
So, energy absorbed per unit time by an electron becomes very small. So in that case electrons may
take quite long time to come out of metallic surface on continuous exposure of light on the surface.
However practically we found that there is no time lag between incident of light and emission of
photoelectron. So we conclude that wave nature of light cannot be used to explain photoelectric
effect. [1]
Ans. 30. Full-wave rectifier: A full-wave rectifier consists of two diodes connected in parallel across the ends of
secondary winding of a center tapped step-down transformer.
[1]
During positive half cycle of the AC input point A is positive w.r.t. to point C (and point B is negative w.r.t.
point C) therefore, diode D1 is forward-biased and D2 is reverse-biased. The current flows through D1, RL
and upper half winding. During every negative half cycle of AC input point B is positive w.r.t. point C (and
point A is negative w.r.t. point C) therefore diode D2 is forward biased current flows through RL, from point
M to point N. [1]
[1]
Ans. 31. (a) Suppose an electric dipole of dipole moment P is placed along a direction making an angle  with
the direction of external uniform electric field E . Then, the torque acting on the dipole is given as
pE sin  or  = P  E . [1]
Its direction will be perpendicular to both P and E . [1]

(b) If the field is non-uniform there would be a net force on the dipole in addition to the torque and the
resulting motion would be a combination of translation and rotation. [1]
(36)
(c) (i) E is increasing parallel to P then  = 0°. So torque becomes zero but the net force on the dipole
will be in the direction of increasing electric field and hence it will have linear motion along the
dipole moment. [1]
(ii) E is increasing anti-parallel to P . So, the torque still remains zero but the net force on the dipole
will be in the direction of increasing electric field which is opposite to the dipole moment, hence
it will have linear motion opposite to the dipole moment. [1]
Ans. 32. (a) Principle of working of a moving coil galvanometer : The working is based on the fact that current-
carrying coil suspended in a magnetic field experiences a torque. [1]
The galvanometer cannot be used to measure the value of the current in a circuit.
because galvanometer is a very sensitive device, it gives a full-scale deflection for a current of the
order of A. [1]

The current sensitivity of the galvanometer   is given by
I 
 NAB
= [1]
I k
 The current sensitivity of the galvanometer depends upon the number of turns N and cross-
sectional area of the coil A.
(b) Let I be the total current, and IG should pass through the galvanometer and the remaining part (I – IG)
flows through the shunt S.
VA − VB = IGG = ( I − IG ) S
 I 
 S =  G G
 I − IG 
[1]
For range of an ammeter is 0 to 2I
 I 
S =  G G [1]
 2I − IG 
(37)
OR
(a) [2]
(b) Separation between eyepiece and the objective, L = 14 cm,

m = –20, me = 5, D = 20 cm, f0 = ?, fe = ?
Magnification of eyepiece when image is formed at the least distance for clear vision [½]
 D  20 
me =  1 +   5 =  1 + 
 fe   fe 
20
4=  fe = 5 cm [1]
fe
20 20
m0 = − = =4
me 5
v0
= −4  …(1)
u0
1 1 1
− =
v 0 −u0 f0
v0 v
 = 1+ 0 = + 4 + 1= 5
f0 u0
v0
 v 0 = 5 f0  f0 = …(2) [½]
5
1 1 1
Now, − =
v e ue fe
1 1 1
 + =
− 20 ue 5
1 1 1
 = +
ue 5 20
 ue = 4
(38)
 L = v0 + ue
 V0 = 14 – 4 = 10 cm
From equation (2)
v 0 10
f0 = = = 2 cm [1]
5 5
Ans. 33. (i) In forward biasing, the diode offers negligible resistance to the circuit. So diode acts as a simple wire
only, therefore acts a simple wire only. Therefore, the circuit can be redrawn as follows.
[1]
(ii) Req = 5 + 10 = 15 K [1]

V 30
(iii) Current i = = = 2 × 10–3 A [1]
Re q 15  103
(iv) Voltage across R3 V ' = iR3 = 2 × 10–3 × 10 × 103 = 20 V [1]
So VAB = 30 – 20 = 10 V
i
(v) IDiode =
2
2  10 −3
=
2
= 10–3 A [1]
Ans. 34. (i) For Balmer series n1 = 2 , n2 = 3,4...
Therefore, in transition II and (IV), photon of Balmer series is absorbed. [1]
(ii) In transition II
E2 = – 3.4 eV, E4 = –0.85 eV
hc hc
E = 2.5 eV  E = = = 496 nm [1]
 E
(iii) Wavelength of radiation = 1030 Å
12400
E = = 12.0 eV
1030
So the difference of energy should be 12.0 eV (approx.)
Hence, for n1= 1 to n2 = 3 [1]
En3 − En1 = 12 eV
Hence, transition (V) will occur.
(39)
(iv) Longest wavelength of Balmer series is for n2 = 3 to n1 = 2 transition.

1  1 1 
= R  2 − 2    = 7.2  10−7 m (approx) [1]
 2 3 
OR
Shortest wavelength of Lyman series is for n2 =  to n1 = 1
1  1 1
= R  2 −    = 10−7 m (approx)
 1  
Ans. 35. (a) It works on the principle of electromagnetic induction. [1]
(b) It works on the principle of mutual induction [1]
(c) i pVp = isVs
4  140
is = =2A [2]
280
❑ ❑ ❑
(40)

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Solutions

Ans. 10. (2)

1 1.6  10 −27  (3  108 )2

Magnetic force is perpendicular to velocity

6.6  10 −34  3  108

n2r = n1i ...(1)

Ans. 31. (a) Electric potential due to dipole

(b) Effective capacitance of C2, C3 and C4

Effective circuit of C, C1 and C5

Angle of vision formed by final image when

Torque = Force × perpendicular distance

 = iBA sin  [1]

(b) Work done = PE

Since, at equipotential surface electric potential at every point is same.

 Electric field is perpendicular to dr [1]

= – 4xyziˆ -2x 2zjˆ − 2x 2 ykˆ [2]

For TIR takes place

As we can see in the figure, E  O

Specific resistance is the property of the material. Hence, it remains same.

V = ir  100 = 50 × 10–3 (RG + R)

Ans. 11. (1)

Ans. 24. Einstein’s equation

Consider thin sheet of charge having charge density 

Ans. 27. For lens

Final image formed by eyepiece in normal adjustment is at infinite.

Ans. 31. (a) Ray Diagram

2 F, 3 F, 5 F are in parallel

= 109 × 1.6 × 10–19 C

Ans. 6. (1) [1]

Ans. 12. (1)

represents forward biased.

Ans. 13. (1)

Applying Amper’s circuital law.

Ans. 14. (2)

Ans. 16. (2)

Here qA = q and qB = –2q

Net electric field E = E 1 + E 2 + E 2 + ......... E 

 is the linear charge density of the wire

Where 0 = 4  10 −7 henry/metre is the permeability of free space.

Where N= n is the number of turns

On substituting the value of B from (1)

Ans. 29. Failure of wave theory of light to explain photoelectric effect

Its direction will be perpendicular to both P and E . [1]

(b) Separation between eyepiece and the objective, L = 14 cm,

(ii) Req = 5 + 10 = 15 K [1]

Hence, transition (V) will occur.

(iv) Longest wavelength of Balmer series is for n2 = 3 to n1 = 2 transition.

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