INERTIA OF REST INERTIA OF DIRECTION INERTIA OF MOTION

The property of a
body due to which it
The property due to The tendency of a
body to remain in
NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION For Non – inertial frame
which a body cannot
a state of uniform
  
cannot change its
state of rest by it
change its direction of
motion in a Fext + FPseudo = ma
motion by itself.  
self. straight Line. Newton’s 3rd law Fpseudo = − Ma frame
We cannot produce a single isolated
To every action there is always on force in nature force are always
FORCES equal and opposite reaction. produce in action – reaction pair. SOLVING PROBLEMS IN MECHANICS
(i) Normal Contact force
Newton’s 1st law  
(1) always acts along the F AB = − FBA due to no time gap, any one force • Draw FBD of bodies in the system.
common Normal of two surface
A body Continues its sate of can be action, and other reaction. • Choose a convenient part of the assembly as one
in contact. rest or motion until unless an Action & Reaction act on different system.
(2) Always directed towards the external force is acted on it. applicable for all the interactive
bodies and not on the same body. - • Identify the unknown force and accelerations.
system. forces eg. Gravitational,
(3) It is an electromagnetic   action – reaction forces are of electrostatic, electromagnetic,
• Resolve forces into their Components.
type of force. Normal force on If Fext = o ; a = o same type. Tension, friction, viscous forces, etc.
•
 
Apply ∑ F = ma in the direc�on of mo�on.
block is N. N = mg

• Apply ∑ F = O in the direc�on of equilibrium
Newton’s 2nd Law
Horizontal Circular motion • Write constraint rela�on if exists.
  
(ii) Tension Force
The rate of change of linear momentum of a body (Conical Pendulum):- • Solve the equa�on ∑ F = ma & ∑ F = O .
is directly proportional to the external force applied on
(1) Acts along the string and the body in the direction of force.   mv 2
away from the system on dp  TSinθ = & Tcos θ = mg
which it acts. F= = ma r
(2) Tension in a massless string dt
remains constant throughout
S.I . Unit of force = Newton (W) V = rg tan θ θ

the string if no tangential  mdv  v g tan θ
force acts along the string. if m = const F = = ma ⇒ dimensional formula = [M1L1T-2] Angular Speed, w = W = =
O
l

(3) This is force applied by a dt r r T

   dm 
F Cosθ
string on an object or force if V = Cost = F = V 2π r L cos θ
P mg cos  F h
applied by one part of string Conservation of linear momentum:- dt Time Period T = 2 π = 2 π
on the remaining part of if there is no external force convey or belt & w g tan θ g 
θ

string. acting on it, total momentum of rocket propulsion r

mg sin F sinθ
(4) It is an electromagnetic an isolated system of interacting
L mg
type of force. particles is conserved Impulse mg

   

Fext = o =
dp
or Pinitial = Pfinal
I = Favg ∆t = ∆P Vertical Circular motion
dt
⇒ I = ∆P = ∫ F.dt = area under f – t curve
1. Particle ossillates in lower half circle.
Condition of ossillation (O < u ≤ 2 gR )
(iii) Friction Force
(1) Rolling friction:- The force of friction which R
Circular 2. Particles moves to upper half circle but not able to complete the loop.
comes into play when one body Ralls or tends
to roll on the surface of a norther body. motion Condition of leaving the circle: (
2 gR < u < 5 gR ) O a = v² / R
Speed = v
N
(iV) Sliding friction 3. particle completes loop. Condition of looping the loop u ≥ ( 5 gR )
Resistance offered to the
relative motion between
f
the surface of two bodies MOTION OF A CAR M LEVEL ROAD
in contact.
(by friction only):- mg
The frictional force f is Kinematics of Uniform Circular motion Kinematics of non – Uniform
directly proportional to circular motion
≤ µS Rg
N

the Normal force N 1.A particle moves in a circle at a constant Vmax

exerted by the surface speed Speed of the particle in a
on the body. horizontal circular motion
(F ∝ N or f/N = Constant = µ).
2. Angular displacement (θ) SI Unit: rad or MOTION OF A CAR ON f
degree. changes with respect to time.
The friction force depends 3. Angular Velocity (W): BANKED ROAD mg

upon the nature of surfaces ∆θ dθ Tangential acceleration:

Wavg = [Unit . rad / sec] Wins =   
in Contact and independent
of the area of Contact.
∆t dt at = α × r (i) Optimum speed of a vehicle on a banked road. V = rg tan θ
Centripetal Force
Types of friction mv 2 Centripetal force
Fc = mac = = mrw2 rg(µ + tan θ)
r mv 2 maximum safe speed on a banked frictional road. Vmax =
∆S = r∆O v = wr Fc = mac = = mrw 2 1− µ tan θ
Static friction Limiting friction Kinetic friction    r
V = w ×r Tangential force Ft = mat
 Rg(tan θ − µ )
acts when a body is acts when a body is acts when a body V is linear velocity (tangential vector) Vmin =
 minimum safe speed on a banked frictional road
at rest on application just at the verge is actually sliding w (axial vector) Net force Fnet = m a + a
2
c
2
t (1+ µ tan θ)
 
of a force
fs = µsN.
of movement
Fl = µsN. f k = µK N r = radius vector aC responsible for change in direc�on of movement of particle