CENTRO ESCOLAR UNIVERSITY

Manila * Makati * Malolos

SYLLABUS IN PRML 145 – HISTOPATHOLOGIC AND CYTOLOGIC TECHNIQUES

Course Number: PRML 145 Course Descriptive Title: HISTOPATHOLOGIC & CYTOLOGIC TECHNIQUES
No of Units: 3: Lec: 2 Lab: 1 No of Hours : Lec: 2 hours Lab: 3 hours
Pre-requisite: Histology, Pathophysiology, Biochemistry
CEU VISION – MISSION STATEMENT CENTRO ESCOLAR EXPECTED SCHOOL OF MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY
GRADUATE ATTRIBUTES (CEEGA)
UNIVERSITY PHILOSOPHY LIFELONG LEARNER
•Learns and works independently as well as collaboratively. MISSION STATEMENT:
Ciencia y Virtud (Science and Virtue) •Translates knowledge generated from research and other sources to improve quality
of life. The School of Medical Technology is dedicated
UNIVERSITY VISION •Creates new ideas to better understand society to produce globally competitive graduates in
•Evaluates own thinking, behavior and spirituality for self-growth laboratory medicine imbued with professional
To be the University of First choice REFLECTIVE AND CREATIVE THINKER ethics, exemplary attitudes and values able to
impact the society, in both the national and
•Thinks critically and creatively. international setting.
UNIVERSITY MISSION •Open-minded.
•Solves problems systematically. VISION:
To promote a brighter future for our students, •Loves art and shows artistic sensibility.
for the Philippines and for the world. CARING AND TRUSTWORTHY CITIZEN
To become the leading provider of medical
•Values people and acts in unity with others.
technologists competent in the delivery of
CEU CORE VALUES •Commits to social justice and principles of sustainability and respect for diversity. laboratory services required in modern health
•Practices good stewardship and accountability. care.
V - Valuing others, caring for them and empowering them •Manifests social responsibility by helping improve conditions of those who have less
A - Accountability, integrity and trust worthiness in life or circumstance.
L - Lifelong learning as individuals and as an organization PROFICIENT COMMUNICATOR
U - Unity, teamwork and loyalty •Articulates ideas clearly for varied purposes and audiences of diverse culture.
E - Excellence in all endeavors •Listens attentively, engages in meaningful exchange and shares knowledge, values,
S - Social responsibility as citizens of the Filipino nation attitudes and intentions.
and of the world •Utilizes effectively appropriate media and information technologies.
COMPETENT AND PRODUCTIVE PROFESSIONAL
•Initiates, innovates better ways of doing things and accountability.
•Promotes quality and productivity.
 BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN MEDICAL TECHNOLOGY
PROGRAM OUTCOMES:
• Explain the underlying scientific principles of laboratory testing.
• Demonstrate technical competence in the performance of a full range of clinical laboratory tests in aid of diagnosis, treatment and management of diseases vis a vis biosafety and waste
management.
• Incorporate principles of quality management system in a clinical laboratory setting.
• Cultivate analytical and critical thinking skills in the workplace.
• Conduct research in the field of Medical Technology.
• Apply skills proficiently in the collection, analysis and projection of health information for improving the health care management system.
• Deliver effective communication and teaching skills by integrating meaningful learning experiences.
• Demonstrate interpersonal skills, leadership qualities and ethical practice of the profession.
• Engage in lifelong learning activities.
• Participate in community-oriented activities including good stewardship and accountability of resources.

Course Description: The course focuses on the study of the histologic techniques essential in the production of histologic slides for the diagnosis of diseases including special
staining procedures and other related techniques.
Course Intended Learning Outcomes:
At the end of the semester, the students will effectively be able to:
1. clearly discuss the principles and procedures in cell and tissue preparation and processing
2. demonstrate the correct skills required in the preparation of slides for microscopic examinations.
3. apply the concepts of quality assurance program in histopathologic laboratory.
4. Outline basic concepts in autopsy and biopsy and cytology
5. manifest the medical technologist’s personal, social and professional responsibilities in helping restore or maintain the health of men with high moral and ethical
standards.
Specific Learning Outcomes Content Teaching Learning Activities Time Resources Assessment
Allotmen
At the end of this unit, the student Part I -Basic Histopathologic Techniques LECTURE t
is able to: 2 hrs Textbooks Unit Test
1. Discuss advantages and I. INTRODUCTION TO TISSUE Didactic Quiz
disadvantages between fresh PROCESSING Interactive lecture MCQ
tissue examination and that of Lecture / Power Point Presentation TFQ
the preserved tissue 1. Overview
examination. E-Books
2. Methods of tissue examination
2. Perform different methods of
fresh tissue examination. 2.1 Fresh tissue Journals
2.2 Preserved tissue
3. Identify which method of Lab:
tissue examination be 3 hrs Laboratory Practical
3. Receiving, custody and LABORATORY
performed per specific Manual examination
sample tissue. identification of tissues
Skills Demonstration Quiz
4. Explain the mechanism of
tissue preservatives. 4. Grossing and section cutting
5. Explain the steps involved in
tissue processing.
At the end of this unit, the student II. FIXATION Unit Test
is able to: LECTURE 2 hrs Textbooks Quiz
1. Identify the appropriate 1. Definitions MCQ
fixative for a given sample Interactive lecture TFQ
specimen. 2. Characteristics of good fixatives
Lecture / Power Point Presentation
2. Explain the significance of multimedia presentation
using specific fixative for a 3. Effects of fixation E-Books
specific tissue specimen.
3. Discuss the importance of 4. Methods of Fixation
tissue fixation immediately 4.1. Chemical Methods
after removing it from human 4.2. Physical Methods Journals
body. 4.3. Others
4. Discuss the characteristics of LABORATORY 3 hrs Lab:
good fixative. 5. Types of Chemical fixatives Practical
Laboratory
5.1. Composition and preparation examination
5.2. Advantages and Disadvantages
Manual
Skills Demonstration Quiz

6. Factors affecting the rate of fixation

7. Secondary fixation and post-

chromatization
At the end of this unit, the student II. DECALCIFICATION LECTURE
is able to: 2 hrs Textbooks Unit Test
1. Explain the basic concept of 1. Definition Quiz
Interactive lecture
decalcification Lecture / Power Point Presentation E-Books MCQ
2. Identify the best decalcifying 2. Decalcifying agents TFQ
multimedia presentation
agent or method for suited for 2.1. Composition and preparation
a specific tissue type Journals
3. Clearly explain the factors 3. Methods of decalcification
that may affect the process of
decalcification 4. Factors affecting the process Lab:
4. Perform the process of of decalcification LABORATORY 3 hrs Practical
decalcification examination
5. Discuss the other methods of 5. Ways of measuring the extent Quiz
tissue softening process. of decalcification Skills Demonstration Laboratory
6. Tissue softeners
Manual
At the end of this unit, the student III. DEHYDRATION LECTURE 2 hrs
is able to: 1. Definition Textbooks Unit Test
1. Explain the significance of the Interactive lecture Quiz
process of dehydration. Lecture / Power Point Presentation E-Books MCQ
2. Characteristics of a good dehydrating
2. Identify the toxic effects of agent multimedia presentation TFQ
some dehydrating agents and
how to prevent toxicity. Journals
3. Types of dehydrating agents, and their Lab:
3. Identify the best dehydrating
LABORATORY 3 hrs
Advantages and disadvantages Practical
agent for given sample tissue. Skills Demonstration examination
 Laboratory Quiz
Manual

At the end of this unit, the student IV. DEALCOHOLIZATION / CLEARING LECTURE 2hrs
is able to: Textbooks Unit Test
1. Explain the significance of 1. Definition Interactive lecture Quiz
clearing prior to impregnation. Lecture / Power Point Presentation E-Books MCQ
2. Identify the toxic effects of 2. Characteristics of a Good clearing agent multimedia presentation TFQ
some clearing agents and
3. Clearing agents and its advantages and Journals
how to prevent toxicity.
Choose the best clearing agent disadvantages
for a given sample tissue.
Lab:
LABORATORY 3 hrs Laboratory Practical
Manual examination
Skills Demonstration Quiz

PRELIMINARY EXAMINATION
At the end of this unit, the student V. IMPREGNATION / INFILTRATION
is able to:
LECTURE
2 hrs Unit Test
1. Explain the importance of
1. Definition Quiz
2. Infiltration Methods Interactive lecture Textbooks
tissue impregnation. MCQ
2.1. Paraffin wax impregnation Lecture / Power Point Presentation
2. Perform the procedure of TFQ
tissue impregnation.
2.1.1 Factors affecting paraffin multimedia presentation E-Books
wax impregnation
3. Discuss the importance of 2.1.2 Substitutes for Paraffin wax
paraffin wax impregnation. 2.1.3 Methods of Paraffin wax
Journals
4. Identify other infiltrating infiltration LABORATORY Lab:
media 2.2. Other infiltrating media 3 hrs Laboratory Practical
2.2.1. Celloidin Skills Demonstration Manual examination
2.2.2. Plastic Resin Quiz
2.2.3. Gelatin
At the end of this unit, the VI. EMBEDDING, CASTING OR MOLDING
student is able to: LECTURE 2 hrs Textbooks Unit Test
1. Explain the advantages and 1. Definition Quiz
disadvantages of each type of 2. Types of Embedding Molds E-Books MCQ
mold. TFQ
3. Orientation and Trimming Interactive lecture
2. Explain the importance of Lecture / Power Point Presentation
molding the sample tissue
Journals
multimedia presentation
prior to sectioning. Lab:
3. Correctly perform the Practical
procedure of embedding. LABORATORY 3 hrs examination
4. Explain the importance of Laboratory Quiz
Skills Demonstration
trimming the tissue prior to Manual
sectioning.
At the end of this unit, the student VII. MICROTOMYAND ADHESIVES LECTURE 2hrs
is able to: Textbooks Unit Test
1. Identify and discuss the use 1. Types of Microtomes and their uses; Quiz
parts of a microtome MCQ
of the different types of Interactive lecture E-Books
microtome. Lecture / Power Point Presentation TFQ
a. Microtome Knives
2. Describe the use of traditional b. Disposable Blades multimedia presentation
microtome knives; honing and
Journals
stropping. 2. Care and Techniques Lab:
LABORATORY 3 hrs
3. Enumerate advantages of 3. Honing and Stropping Practical
disposable blades examination
Skills Demonstration
4. Implement measures to 4. Faults during Section Cutting and Laboratory Quiz
resolve problems their resolutions Manual
encountered during section
cutting 5. Adhesives
5. Explain the significance of the
use of adhesives
At the end of this unit, the student VIII. STAINING LECTURE 2hrs
is able to: Textbooks Unit Test
1. Explain the ideal dye for a 1. Definition Quiz
Interactive lecture
given sample specimen. Lecture / Power Point Presentation E-Books MCQ
2. Staining Categories and Staining
2. Discuss the step-by-step multimedia presentation TFQ
Techniques
procedure of H & E staining
technique Journals
3. H & E Staining technique
3. Perform the procedure of H & E Lab:
staining. LABORATORY 3 hrs
4. Types of Dyes Practical
4. Discuss the uses of special
stains examination
5. Special stains Skills Demonstration
Laboratory Quiz
Manual
MIDTERM EXAMINATION
At the end of this unit, the student IX. MOUNTING AND LABELING LECTURE
is able to: 2 hrs. Textbooks Unit Test
1. Identify different types of 1. Types of Mounting Media Quiz
mounting media. 1.1. Aqueous
1.2. Resinous Interactive lecture E-Books MCQ
2. Perform the proper procedure Lecture / Power Point Presentation TFQ
of mounting the tissue 2. Composition and preparation multimedia presentation Journals
3. Identify the different
techniques of labeling. Lab:
3. Labeling techniques and other LABORATORY Laboratory
4. Explain the precautions Practical
precautions in labeling. 3 hrs. Manual examination
Skills Demonstration
Quiz

At the end of this unit, the student X. AUTOMATED TISSE PROCESSING LECTURE
is able to: 2 hrs. Textbooks Unit Test
1. Explain the various 1. Definition Quiz
 components of the E-Books MCQ
automated tissue processor. 2. Types of Autotechnicon, their Interactive lecture TFQ
2. Differentiate the different Advantages and Disadvantages Lecture / Power Point Presentation Journals
types of automated tissue multimedia presentation
2.1 Tissue Transfer type
processor
2.2 Fluid Transfer type Laboratory
3. Explain the advantages and
Manual
disadvantages of 3. Other steps in tissue processing that
automated tissue processing. can be automated Lab:
LABORATORY 3hrs.
4. Identify other steps in tissue Practical
processing that can be examination
Skills Demonstration
automated Quiz

At the end of this unit, the student XI. RAPID PROCESSING TECHNIQUES LECTURE
is able to: 2 hrs Textbooks Unit Test
1. Explain the rapid processing
1. Definition of terms Quiz
Interactive lecture
techniques for tissue Lecture / Power Point Presentation E-Books MCQ
examination. 2. Uses of frozen sections
multimedia presentation TFQ
2. Discuss the methods of
fixation and processing of 3. Methods of preparing Frozen Journals
frozen sections. sections
Lab:
3.1 Cold knife procedure Laboratory
3. Explain the staining technique Practical
for frozen sections 3.2 Cold Microtome or Cryostat Manual examination
4. Explain the significance rapid
method LABORATORY 3 hrs Quiz
tissue processing in
4. Fixation of tissues for frozen section. Skills Demonstration
laboratory diagnosis of
diseases 5. Staining of frozen sections

At the end of this unit, the student XII. SPECIAL PROCEDURES AND
is able to: RECENT ADVANCES Unit Test
LECTURE 2 hrs Textbooks
1. Identify the specimens Quiz
suitable for cell blocking. 1. Cell Block technique
1.1 Definition E-Books MCQ
2. Explain the method of fixation 1.2 Specimens TFQ
for specimens used for cell 1.3 Fixation Journal Review
blocking Journals
1.4 Procedures and techniques Interactive lecture
3. Explain the various
Lecture / Power Point Presentation Laboratory
procedures and techniques in 2. Immunohistochemistry
cell blocking. 2.1 Definition and application multimedia presentation Manual Lab:
4. Discuss the concepts of 2.2 Diagnostic interpretation Practical
Immunohistocytochemistry in examination
the histopathology laboratory. LABORATORY 3 hrs Quiz
5. Explain the role of
Immunohistocytochemistry in Skills Demonstration
the laboratory diagnosis of
diseases
6. Apply appropriate techniques
 of Immunohistocytochemistry
in the diagnosis of various
diseases.
At the end of this unit, the student XIII. BIOPSY AND AUTOPSY LECTURE 2 hrs Textbooks Unit Test
is able to: Quiz
1. Types of Biopsies MCQ
1. Explain the methods of E-Books
1.1 Excision TFQ
collection and handling of Interactive lecture
1.2 Incision
surgical biopsy specimens. Lecture / Power Point Presentation
1.3 Core-needle biopsy Journals
2. Enumerate and differentiate 1.4 Fine needle aspiration biopsy multimedia presentation
the different types of biopsy
techniques 2. Processing of Biopsy specimen Laboratory
3. Discuss the purpose of Manual
autopsy (PME) 3. Signs of somatic death (Post
4. Discuss and differentiate the mortem changes) Lab:
techniques of performing • Rigor mortis LABORATORY 3 hrs Practical
autopsy. (Virchow, • Algor mortis examination
Rokitansky, Ghon, Letulle) • Post mortem clotting of blood Skills Demonstration Quiz
• Discoloration of tissues
5. Enumerate the legal • Putrefaction
requirements and documents • Desiccation
needed prior to performance
of PME whether medical or 4. Purpose and Requirements of PME
medico-legal.
6. Explain the mechanism of 5. Techniques of autopsy
changes seen in somatic
death (post mortem 6. Personnel involved in PME
changes), and discuss their
7. Medical autopsy vs. medico-legal
relevance and importance
autopsy
including medico legal
applications. 8. Classification of autopsy specimens.
7. Enumerate personnel behind
PME and specify their 9. Proper handling of autopsy specimen
functions (pathologist,
medico-legal officer,
histotechnologist,
histotechnicians).
8. Differentiate medical from
medico- legal autopsy.
9. Discuss proper handling,
techniques of gross autopsy
specimen.

At the end of this unit, the student XIV. EXFOLIATIVE CYTOLOGY LECTURE 2 hrs Textbooks Unit Test
is able to: Quiz
1. Explain the significance of 1. Definition MCQ
Interactive lecture E-Books
cytologic examination. Lecture / Power Point Presentation TFQ
2. Applications / Importance
2. Identify the specimen multimedia presentation Journals
 processed under exfoliative 3. Specimens
cytology. 3.1. Collection LABORATORY Laboratory Lab:
3.2. Fixation Practical
3. Explain the significance of 3 hrs Manual
3.3. Staining Techniques examination
fixation and adhesion in Skills Demonstration
3.4. Methods of Reporting
exfoliative cytology. Quiz
3.5. Interpretation of results
4. Perform the procedure for
pap’s staining of samples of 4. Liquid Based Cytology
tissue.
5. Prepare reports in exfoliative
cytology in a standard
manner of reporting
6. Correlate results in exfoliative
cytology with various physiologic
and pathologic conditions.
7. Compare and Contrast
conventional PAP’s smear with
Liquid Based Cytology

FINAL EXAMINATION
COURSE REQUIREMENT For Laboratory Class: Submission of processed tissue sections, 10 slides

GRADING SCHEME Periodic Grade: 2/3 Lecture and 1/3 Laboratory

For both Lecture and Laboratory classes: Class participation- 2/3 Periodic examination-1/3
Class participation in Lecture class; Quizzes- 80%; Other requirements (Project, Assignment, Seatwork, Recitation)- 20%
Class participation in Laboratory class; Quizzes- 60%; Performance of experiment- 30%; Oral Presentation, Laboratory reports/Manual-10%

REFERENCES

Books:

1. Allen D. and R.I. Cameron. Histopathology Specimens: Clinical, Pathological and Laboratory Aspects. 3rd edition USA: Springer, 2017
2. Cibas E. and B. Ducatman. Cytology: Diagnostic Principles and Correlates 4th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co., 2014.
3. Kumar V., N. Fausto, A. Abbas and R. Mitchell. Robbins Basic Pathology 10th ed. Philadelphia: W.B. Saunders Co., 2017.
4. Mcpherson, Richard A. and Matthew R. Pincus. Henry’s Clinical Diagnosis and Management by Laboratory Methods 23rd t ed. Philadelphia: Elsevier Inc.,2017.
5. Rubin R. and D. Strayer. Rubin’s Pathology: Clinicopathologic Basis of Medicine 6th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins, 2012.
6. Rutty, Guy N. Essentials of Autopsy Practice: Current Methods and Modern Trends 3rd ed. USA: Springer, 2013
7. Solomon, Diane and Ritu Nayar. The Bethesda System for Reporting Cervical Pathology: Definitions, Criteria and Explanatory Notes 3rd ed. USA: Springer,2015.
8. Jocelyn H. Bruce-Gregorios,Histopathologic Techniques.2nd ed. 2017
9. Raymundo Lo et al..Basic Histopathologic Techniques. 2015
10. Bancroft’s Theory and Practice of Histological Techniques 7th Edition by S. Kim Suvarna, 2019

Electronic References:
Journals:
17. Journal of Histology & Histopathology (open access)
18. Philippine Journal of Pathology (open access)

Prepared by: Date Approved by: Date

Dr. Ma. Cristina SJ Liwanag Sgd.

February 2, 2022 February 7, 2022
Ms. Hazel M. Ylagan Sgd.
Dr. Charito M. Bermido
Dean