CHAPTER 1

TOPIC 1: The Communication Process

Defining Communication

 Communication is the transmission of information and understanding from one

person or group to another.

Communication Process and the Four Key Elements

1) The sender: The very first element of the communication process is the sender.
Communication starts with the sender. The one who sends the communication
message.
2) Channel: The message travels from one point to another via a channel of
communication.
3) The Receiver: The receiver means the party to whom the sender transmits the
message. He is the person to whom the message has been sent.
4) Feedback: The communication process reaches its final point when the
message has been successfully transmitted, received, and understood. For
instance, Teachers understood exactly what Jeremy tried to convey a message
to them.

Barriers to Communication

The communication process isn’t always so simple or smooth, of course. These

elements can affect how information is transmitted, received, and interpreted:

Language Economic Status Educational Level

Values and Beliefs Timing Physical Barriers Sex/gender and

Age

Understanding of Message Attitude Trust

TOPIC 2: Types of Communication

A. Types According to Mode

1. Verbal and Non-verbal
 Verbal Communication: Through spoken words and the use of speech and
language to convey messages. It occurs when we speak to others.
Example: Pitch, Tone & Content

 Non-verbal Communication: It is interesting to note that non-verbal

communication is used both intentionally and unintentionally.
Example: Facial expressions, Posture, Gestures and physical touch

2. Visual communication: Visual has become the most used type of

communication, driven by social media, YouTube, and other platforms of the
digital era.

B. Types According to Context

1) Intrapersonal Communication means talking to oneself.
2) Interpersonal Communication is an interactive exchange between or
among interlocutors (speakers).
3) Extended Communication involves the use of electronic media.
4) Organizational Communication focuses on the role that communication
plays in organizational context.
5) Intercultural Communication refers to the interaction between or among
people having different linguistic, religious, ethnic, social and professional
backgrounds.

C. Types According to Purpose and Style

 1) Formal communication employs formal language delivered orally or in
written form. Lectures, speech, research and project proposals, reports
and business letters, among others are all considered formal situations
and writings.
2) Informal Communication does not employ formal language. It involves
personal and ordinary conversations with friends, family members and
acquaintances. The purpose is to socialize and to enhance relationship.

D. Types According to Purpose and Style

1. In formal communication, certain rules, conventions and principles are followed

while communicating message. Lectures, speech, research and project proposals,
reports and business letters, among others are all considered formal situations and
writings.

2. Informal Communication does not employ formal language. It’s just a casual talk. It
is established for societal affiliations of members in an organization and face-to-face
discussions. The purpose is to socialize and to enhance relationships.