Fyp1 Slide Presentation

Universiti Malaysia Perlis
School of Mechatronic Engineering
ENT 445 : FINAL YEAR PROJECT 1
PROPOSAL DEFENCE
Project Title : Analysis of air flow and psychrometry in car compertment to

develop thermal comfort
NAME : ZHELIUS ZAPPLIN SALIM

MATRIC NO : 151110729
PROGRAMME : RKO8 MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
SUPERVISOR : Ir. Dr. ZURADZMAN MOHAMAD RAZLAN
INTRODUCTION
• The automobile is considered as the most common mode of

transportation in the world.
• With the popularity of cars into the family, more and more
people pay higher requirement for the thermal comfort of
car passenger compartment.
• Especially living in a tropical country is having to deal with

the heat of the sun which is the ambient temperature can
reach over 35 ˚C.
• This can be proved that cars parking during noontime

without shade, the trapped interior air heats up and in time
will damage some of the compartment in the car as the
temperature inside is higher than the outside temperature
• Besides it will affected the human thermal comfort

In this research topic :
 Study the temperature increment inside the car relative to the ambient temperature.
 The air flow and other properties such as heat transfer, energy conversion, thermal radiation, heat
convection and conduction.
 An analysis and design of air flow inside the car to improve the air psychrometry
 Decreasing the temperature of parts inside the car.

PROBLEM STATEMENT
• The trapped interior air heats up and in time will damage the interior parts such as dashboard and others
parts that covered with leather and PVC which is the temperature can exceeds over 62 ̊C with 5.2%
relative humidity at the ambient temperature 36.4˚C at the noon which is at 12.00 p.m. on 3/10/2018.
• The heat transfer that act inside the car will affected the human thermal comfort.
• The car users is forced to wait for a period of time around 5 minutes before getting into car to cool down
the interior condition either by rolling down the window or running the air conditioner at high speed that
really affect the fuel consumption.
OBJECTIVE
 To study the air psychrometry and flow inside Proton BLM car compartment.
 To analyze experimentally the air flow and dry bulb temperature distribution
inside the car.
 To design a heat and mass transportation system using air as working fluid to
decrease the temperature inside the car.
SCOPE
 The limitation of the analysis is only when the car is in the parking condition.
 Set up the thermocouple which is around 20 thermocouple is place inside the car compartment
according to the point that need to be analyze. There are 2 point to place the thermocouple
which is at the above of the passenger seat and at the back passenger seat.
 The compartment car model is validated with experimental data. The test is conducted in the
vehicle environmental chamber where temperature, humidity, solar radiation, and wind speed
could be controlled. The car is soaked for three hours under solar radiation, with ambient
temperature of 26˚C and relative humidity of 40%. A full-sized car, which has an internal
volume of 2.79m3 with the internal mass of cabin is 150 kg is used. The total surface area is
calculated to be 16 m2. The ratio of the fresh air flow rate inside the laboratory is set at 0.95 for
the fresh air mode, and 0 for the recirculation mode.
BACKGROUND/LITERATURE REVIEW
An extensive literature review will be undertaken spanning topics from fundamental of Thermodynamic,
Heat Transfer and Fluid Dynamic to analyse of air flow and heat transfer in the car compartment to develop
the thermal comfort.
From the analysis that had been done by the researchers, the thermal comfort a analysis in a passenger
compartment considering the solar radiation effect [1].
Figure 1 : Thermal radiation that act on the surface Figure 2 : Computational model of the passenger compartment
of the car. with the driver.
From the Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) using (ANSYS Fluent V. 13.0) software.
The CFD analysis that had been carried out by the researcher
inside the car compartment during the parking condition[2].
 From the analysis dashboard temperature, DBT was raised up

75°C. (Martinho et al., 2004) recorded 80°C on the
dashboard. The DBT exceeded the 70°C for the period
between 12.30 and 2.30 pm.
Figure3 : Numerical simulation results of the  it was noticed that the highest temperature spots are close to
Temperature distribution in the car compartment. the front and rear glass windshield.
Figure 4 : Heat transfer through the vehicle surfaces. Figure 5: Measured temperatures in the car cabin during parked.
The temperature increase in the car compartment is affected by enegy from the sun which is entering the car
compartment [6].
Figure 6 :Control volume of car cabin: (a) for energy balance

 Under steady state conditions, the energy equations of a car cabin can be written as:
where,
ε is the emissivity τ w is transmissivity of windshield
σ is the Stefan-Boltzman constant αe is absorptivity of envelope
h is heat transfer coefficient (W/m2˚C)
A is area of car envelope (m2)
C is specific heat of dry air (J/kg˚C)
N is number of passengers Cv is specific heat of vapor (J/kg˚C)
Te is temperature of cabin envelopes (˚C) Ta is ambient temperature (˚C)
I is solar radiation intensity (W/m2) wa is absolute humidity (kg/kg)
Aw is area of windshield (m2)
According to the psychrometric chart

 To develop a climate environment model of car for the air distribution system, the researcher used the air
conditioning process including cooling, dehumidification, heating and so on [4] for their investigating.
 Studies the dynamic temperature and humidity of air in a car compartment by concept of enthalpy in
analysing the heat exchange involved.
 Enthalpy is used to measure the heat content of substances.
Heat content
Latent heat
Sensible Heat
 The heat that reflects the humidity
 The heat that reflects the
change of the moisture in the air
temperature difference in air
flow inside car compartment
inside the car compartment
 To facilitate the enthalpy analysis, psychrometric chart [5] is utilized.

 A graphic tool expressing various properties of moist air under different combination of humidity ratio
and dry-bulb temperature
 With the psychrometric chart, it is easy to visualize how enthalpy changes for various processes during an
air-conditioning cycle, such as heating or cooling processes, on the chart, as shown in Figure. 7-(b).
 The focus is on the interpretation of the change on specific enthalpy in the various processes involved in a
complete circulation cycle, using a psychrometric chart.
Figure 7: Schematic for a psychrometric chart and air-conditioning processes

METHODOLOGY School of Mechatronic Engineering
START
Data
Define the study of theory Recorded
(*optional)
Design the system use air
Literature review as working fluid
1)CFD Simulation
ii) Numerical method
Initial experiment • To make sure numerical The final result
• Observation the actual result tally with the obtained
condition parked car experimental data
Discussion and
Data Conclusion
Recorded
Experiment YES
Experimental Setup and FINISH
Analyze
NO
GANTT CHART
Tasks Semester 1 Semester 2

Week Week
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Registration
Fyp title briefing
Find journal, book, and paper
Research literature review
Initial experimental
Research methodology and slide
preparation
Student proposal and slide for proposal
defence submission
Release proposal to examiners
Preparation for proposal defence
Proposal defence
Thesis literature, future plan and
methodology
Report submission to coordinator
Report distribution to internal examiner
Experimental analysis plan

Starting the experimental
Analysis the experimental result
Preparation for the design
Analyze the design
Tabulation of the data and result
Discussion and conclusion
Thesis submission
REFERENCES
[1] J. H. Moon, J. W. Lee, C. H. Jeong, and S. H. Lee, “Thermal comfort analysis in a passenger
compartment considering the solar radiation effect,” Int. J. Therm. Sci.,
vol. 107, pp. 77–88, 2016.
[2] Alahmer A, Mayyas A, Mayyas AA, Omar MA, Shan D, “Vehicular thermal comfort models; a
comprehensive review,” Appl Therm Eng 2011;31:995-1002.
[3] Han T, Chen KH, “Assessment of various environmental thermal loads on passenger
compartment soak and cool-down analyses”, SAE Technical Paper. 2009. p. 01-1148.
[4] C. L. Li, S. L. Chung, and J. N. Lee, “Modeling of automobile air conditioning systems,”
2009 Chinese Control Decis. Conf. CCDC 2009, pp. 974–979, 2009
.
[5] “Thermodynamics An Engineering Approach Yunus A. Cengel Michael A. Boles.PDF.”
[6] Cengel, Y. (2010). Heat and Mass Transfer: Fundamentals and Applications. Dubuque:
Mcgraw-Hill.

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Universiti Malaysia Perlis

School of Mechatronic Engineering

ENT 445 : FINAL YEAR PROJECT 1

Project Title : Analysis of air flow and psychrometry in car compertment to

NAME : ZHELIUS ZAPPLIN SALIM

• The automobile is considered as the most common mode of

• Especially living in a tropical country is having to deal with

• This can be proved that cars parking during noontime

• Besides it will affected the human thermal comfort

In this research topic :

 Decreasing the temperature of parts inside the car.

 From the analysis dashboard temperature, DBT was raised up

Figure 6 :Control volume of car cabin: (a) for energy balance

According to the psychrometric chart

 To facilitate the enthalpy analysis, psychrometric chart [5] is utilized.

Figure 7: Schematic for a psychrometric chart and air-conditioning processes

Tasks Semester 1 Semester 2

Report distribution to internal examiner

Experimental analysis plan

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