Universe was filled with quarks that combined to form protons and neutron

-protons and neutron combined with the matter begun to take form light elements in the helium,
hydrogen, lithium and beryllium was formed through the process called big bang nucleosynthesis

-the big bang theory predict that the early universe was a very hot place, too hot that even the particles
of proton and neutron are destroyed during collision.

Since big bang is the expansion of space when the universe expands, it cools. One second after the
explosion the temperature slowly decreases to appoint that is enough to protons and neutron to
combine and that is the big bang nucleosynthesis started.

As defined earlier nucleosynthesis occurs when protons and neutron combine, so when 1 proton
combines with 1 neutron deuteron the isotope of hydrogen is formed

Remember this:"the identity of an atom comes from the number of proton in its nucleus"

Hydrogen has 1 proton, helium has 2 protons, lithium has 3,berillium has 4, and so on. This means no
elements or atoms have the same number of proton, so if you're going to look at the periodic table the
elements are arranged according to increasing number of protons and we called it atomic number.

When deuteron combines with 1 neutron, Triton is formed it is still hydrogen since it has only 1 proton
regardless of the number of neutrons in it.
Hydrogen has three isotopes

Prutium/Proton

Since one proton can be regarded as a nucleus of hydrogen atom.

Deuterium /deuteron

With 1 proton, 1 neutron

Tritium /Triton

With 1 proton, 2 neutron in the nucleus

-they all have the same number of proton but differ in the number of neutron.and that is how we
defined isotope.

Two particles of deuteron can combined to produced helium atom with 2 protons and 2 neutrons or
with a 1 Triton bombarded with 1 proton helium is also formed.

So, there are many ways to form helium atom through the collision of hydrogen isotopes.

If helium ion( 2-p+, 2n°) is bombarded (+) with a Triton(1-p+,2n°) , the nuclear now has a 3 protons and 4
neutron (3-p+,4n°) - the element formed is lithium.

How about 2 helium combined (2-p+,2 n°) + helium (2-p+,2 n°)

How many protons and neutron are in the nucleus? There are 4 protons, and 4 neutrons(4-p+,4n°) what
element is formed? Beryllium.

Since lithium is a and beryllium are heavier it requires a lot of energy to formed, that is the reason why
there are only a portion of this elements, compared to hydrogen and helium. The universe is said to
contains 75% hydrogen and and 25% helium. Light form distant galaxies are form glowing elements
which emits spectra of a particular frequencies primarily HYDROGEN AND HELIUM.

Now since the universe continues to expand minutes after the explosion the temperature continuously
dropped making the particles unable to combine due to insufficient amount of energy. Particles bounces
back during collision. And that's why light elements formed in the early universe through the process
called big bang nucleosynthesis