Stats PT (median test for multi sample case)

- start of introduction, contributor of test

- what the topic is all about
- when do we use
- why do we us
- how do we use
- at least 2 sample solved problems
- 3 problems that have solved problems

What is Median Test for multi sample case?

- It is also called as Sign Test for K independent Samples

Median Test is a non-parametric test and it is used for knowing whether or not two
independent sample have been drawn from the population with the same median.

- The median test can be regarded as a non-parametric alternative to the t test. It can be used to
determine if the median of a set of data is the same as the assumed median, in which case a
sample median test may be used.

- It can also be used to know whether two or more samples that are independent and equal or not
equal with regard to their size, have different median or not.

- Thus, medians of two or more sample sub groups are compared and these samples can be
equal or unequal in size.

When do we use Median Test for multi sample case?

- When we are unable to satisfy the assumption and connection for using t-test, we can use
median test and compare basic tendencies of the two independent samples.

How do we use Median Test for multi sample case?

- The chi square test is used for k independent samples
We will follow these steps to use the median test in finding significant difference between groups:
1. Formulate the null and alternative hypothesis
2. Determine the level of significance. Compute for
degree of freedom = (c-1)(k-1), and use chi-square
distribution table to find the tabular value.
3. What is the Test statistics to be used
4. Statistics
I. Combine and arrange the data of the samples in
ascending order.
II. Determining the median scores for the
combination of sample scores
To get median position for even number of samples:

Median=
( N
2 ) N
+( +1)
2
th position
2
To get median position for odd number of samples:
(N +1)
Median= th position
2
III. Dichotomize or divide both set of scores at the
common median value and put them into a table.
- Assign a + sign values above median and a – sign values at or below the median value
- For observed frequencies, count the number of total values above or below the median in each
group.
- For expected frequencies, multiply the total of observed frequencies to the sum of observed
frequencies of above and below median in each group and divide it by the grand total of the sum
of observed frequencies of above and below median.
IV. Computing the value of chi-square as a significance for median test using chi-square formula.
- Use formula of chi-square
5. Decision: If x2 computed value is greater than x2 tabular value, reject H0.
6. Conclusion

2 SAMPLE PROBLEMS
1. YouTube
2. PDF
3 SAMPLE PROBLEMS
SAMPLE PROBLEMS
SAMPLE NO. 1
A sampling of the acidity of rain for ten randomly selected rainfalls was recorded at three different
locations in the province of Northern Samar: Biri Island, Catarman, and Silvino Lubos. The pH
readings for these 30 rainfalls are shown in the table. (note pH readings range from 0 to 14; 0 is
acid, 14 is alkaline. pure water falling through clean air has pH reading of 5.7).
Use the median test at 0.05 level of significance to test
the null hypothesis that there is no significant difference
among the pH readings of the three different
municipalities of Northern Samar.
Problem: Is there a significant difference in the pH
readings among the three different Municipalities of
Northern Samar?
1. Hypothesis:
Ho: There is no significant difference in the pH readings
among the three different municipalities in Northern
Samar.
HA: There is a significant difference in the pH readings
among the three different municipalities in Northern Samar.
2. Level of significance:
α = 0.05
d.f. = (c-1)(r-1) where c is column and r is row
= (3–1)(10–1) = (2)(9)
= 18

Chi-square tabular value x 20.05 = 28.87

3. Test statistics: Median Test for multi sample

4. Statistics
I. Combine and arrange the data of the samples in ascending order.
II. Determining the median scores for the combination of sample
scores
N = 30
To get median position for
odd number of samples:
( N +1 )
Median= th position
2
( 30+1 ) 31
Median= = =15.5 th position
2 2
Since 4.3 is in the 15th and 16th position,
the median is 4.3
III. Dichotomize or divide both set of scores at the common median value and put them into a
table.
- Assign a + sign values above median (4.3) and a – sign values at or below the median value
(4.3)

- For observed frequencies, count the number of total values above or below the median in each
group.
- For expected frequencies, multiply the total of observed frequencies to the sum of observed
frequencies of above and below median in each group and divide it by the grand total of the sum
of observed frequencies of above and below median.

IV. Computing the value of chi-square as a significance for median test using chi-square formula.

2
x=
∑ (O−E)2 (1−4.7)2 (6−4.7)2 (7−4.7)2 (9−5.3)2 (4−5.3)2 (3−5.3)2
= + + + + +
E 4.7 4.7 4.7 5.3 5.3 5.3
2
x =8.29787234 ≈ 8.299
5. Decision: The x2 computed value of 8.299 is less than x2 table value of 28.87; accept null
hypothesis.
6. Conclusion: The x2 computed value of 8.299 is less than x2 table value of 28.87 at 0.05 level of
significance with 18 degrees of freedom; hence the research null hypothesis is accepted which
means that there is no significant difference in the pH readings among the three different
municipalities in Northern Samar.
SAMPLE NO. 2
The scores obtained by three groups (Groups A, B and C) of students on achievement
motivation are given as follows:

Use the median test at 0.05 level of significance to test the hypotheses.
1. Hypothesis:
Ho: There is no significant difference in the scores on achievement motivation among the three
group of students.
HA: There is a significant difference in the scores on achievement motivation among the three
group of students.
2. Level of significance:
α = 0.05
d.f. = (c-1)(r-1) where c is column and r is row
= (10–1)(3–1) = (2)(9)
= 18

Chi-square tabular value x 20.05 = 28.87

3. Test statistics: Median Test for multi sample

4. Statistics
I. Combine and arrange the data of the samples in ascending order.
2, 3, 3, 7, 4, 4, 4, 5, 6, 6, 8, 8, 9, 9, 10, 12, 12, 14, 15,15, 17, 16, 18, 20, 21, 23, 26, 26, 27, 29
II. Determining the median scores for the combination of sample scores
N = 30
To get median position for
odd number of samples:
( N +1 )
Median= th position
2
( 30+1 ) 31
Median= = =15.5 th position
2 2
Since 10 and 12 is in the 15th and 16th position
respectively, the median is (10 + 12)/2 = 11.
III. Dichotomize or divide both set of scores at the common median value and put them into a
table.
- Assign a + sign values above median (4.3) and a – sign values at or below the median value (11)

- For observed frequencies, count the number of total values above or below the median in each
group.
- For expected frequencies, multiply the total of observed frequencies to the sum of observed
frequencies of above and below median in each group and divide it by the grand total of the sum
of observed frequencies of above and below median.

Above 11 At or below 11
Groups + - Total
O E O E
Group A 2 5 8 5 10
Group B 6 5 4 5 10
Group C 7 5 3 5 10
15 15 30

IV. Computing the value of chi-square as a significance for median test using chi-square formula.

2
x=
∑ (O−E)2 = (2−5)2 + (6−5)2 + (7−5)2 + (8−5)2 + (4−5)2 + (3−5)2
E 5 5 5 5 5 5
2
x =5.6
The x2 computed value of 5.6 is less than x2 table value of 28.87; accept null hypothesis.
The x2 computed value of 5.6 is less than x 2 table value of 28.87 at 0.05 level of significance with
18 degrees of freedom; hence the research null hypothesis is accepted which means that there is
no significant difference in the scores on achievement motivation among the three group of
students. This implies that the scores obtained by the three groups of students are not different
from the common median.
SAMPLE NO. 3
Two groups of married men selected and were given marital adjustment rating scale. Do you find
any significant difference between the marital adjustment of these two groups by applying median
test? use 0.05 level of significance.
Grou data
p
A 9 9 9 12 15 17 17 19 20 22 24 27
B 4 5 7 7 12 16 19 19 22

1. Hypothesis:
Ho: There is no significant difference between the marital adjustment of the two groups.
HA: There is a significant difference between the marital adjustment of the two groups.
2. Level of significance:
α = 0.05
d.f. = (c-1)(r-1) where c is column and r is row
= (12–1)(2–1) = (11)(1)
= 11

Chi-square tabular value x 20.05 = 19.68

3. Test statistics: Median Test for multi sample

4. Statistics
I. Combine and arrange the data of the samples in ascending order.
4, 5, 7, 7, 9, 9, 9, 12, 12, 15, 16, 17, 17, 19, 19, 19, 20, 22, 22, 24, 27
II. Determining the median scores for the combination of sample scores
N = 21
To get median position for
odd number of samples:
( N +1 )
Median= th position
2
( 21+1 ) 21
Median= = =11 th position
2 2
Since 16 is in the 11th, the median is 16.
III. Dichotomize or divide both set of scores at the common median value and put them into a
table.
- Assign a + sign values above median (16) and a – sign values at or below the median value (16)
Grou data
p
A 9 9 9 12 15 17 17 19 20 22 24 27
B 4 5 7 7 12 16 19 19 22

Grou data
p
A - - - - - + + + + + + +
B - - - - - - + + +

- For observed frequencies, count the number of total values above or below the median in each
group.
- For expected frequencies, multiply the total of observed frequencies to the sum of observed
frequencies of above and below median in each group and divide it by the grand total of the sum
of observed frequencies of above and below median.

Above 16 At or below 16
Groups + - Total
O E O E
Group A 7 5.7 5 6.3 12
Group B 3 4.2 6 4.7 9
10 11 21

IV. Computing the value of chi-square as a significance for median test using chi-square formula.

x 2=
∑ (O−E)2 = (7−5.7)2 + (3−4.2)2 + (5−6.3)2 + (6−4.7)2
E 5.7 4.2 6.3 4.7
2
x =1.267176807 ≈ 1.27
The x2 computed value of 1.27 is less than x2 table value of 19.68; accept null hypothesis.

The x2 computed value of 1.27 is less than x 2 table value of 19.68 at 0.05 level of
significance with 11 degrees of freedom; hence the research null hypothesis is
accepted which means that there is no significant difference between the marital
adjustment of the two groups.
SAMPLE NO. 4
A data for the analysis has taken from the Pet Shop database which involves the grouping variable
(chain store, privately owned store, coop owned store) and the response variable fishnum (number
of fish on display). Below are the scores for the 12 stores.

Pet shop Data

Chain store (A) 21 13 22 11 20
Privately owned store (B) 17 24 17
Coop owned store (C) 32 41 31 38

The researcher hypothesized that Coop stores would have the most fish on display, chain stores
would display the least, and private pet stores would display an intermediate amount. Is their claim
justified? Use 0.05 level of significance
1. Hypothesis:
Ho: The three different types of pet shops have the same median number of fish displayed.
HA: The three different types of pet shops does not have the same median number of fish
displayed.
2. Level of significance:
α = 0.05
d.f. = (c-1)(r-1) where c is column and r is row
= (3–1)(2–1) = (2)(1)
=2
2
Chi-square tabular value x 0.05 = 5.99

3. Test statistics: Median Test for multi sample

4. Statistics
I. Combine and arrange the data of the samples in ascending order.
11, 13, 17, 17, 20, 21, 22, 24, 31, 32, 38, 41
II. Determining the median scores for the combination of sample scores
N = 12
To get median position for even number of samples:

Median=
( 2) 2
N N
+( +1)
th position
2

Median=
( 12
2 ) + ( +1)
12
2
=
6+ ( 6+1 )
2 2
6+7 13
¿ = =6.5 th position
12 2
Since 21 and 22 is in the 6th and 7th position respectively,
the median is (21 + 22)/2 = 21.5

III. Dichotomize or divide both set of scores at the common median value and put them into a
table.
- Assign a + sign values above median (21.5) and a – sign values at or below the median value
(21.5)
Pet shop Data
Chain store (A) 21 13 22 11 20
Privately owned store (B) 17 24 17
Coop owned store (C) 32 41 31 38

Pet shop Data

Chain store (A) - - + - -
Privately owned store (B) - + -
Coop owned store (C) + + + +

- For observed frequencies, count the number of total values above or below the median in each
group.
- For expected frequencies, multiply the total of observed frequencies to the sum of observed
frequencies of above and below median in each group and divide it by the grand total of the sum
of observed frequencies of above and below median.
Above 16 At or below 16
Groups + - Total
O E O E
Group A 1 2.5 4 2.5 5
Group B 1 1.5 2 1.5 3
Group C 4 2 0 2 4
6 6 12

IV. Computing the value of chi-square as a significance for median test using chi-square formula.

2
x=
∑ 2 2 2 2 2 2
(O−E) (1−2.5) (1−1.5) (4−2) ( 4−2.5) (2−1.5) ( 0−2)
= + + + + +
2

E 2.5 1.5 2 2.5 1.5 2

2
x =6.133333333 ≈ 6.13
The x2 computed value of 6.13 is greater than x2 table value of 5.99; reject null hypothesis.

The x2 computed value of 6.13 is greater than x 2 table value of 5.99 at 0.05 level of
significance with 2 degrees of freedom; hence the null hypothesis is rejected which
means that the three different types of pet shops do not have the same median
number of fish displayed and that coop owned store has most fish displayed.
SAMPLE NO. 4
Consider the following data of 3 countries who mostly got the top five title for Miss universe.
Use the median test at 0.05 level of significance to test the null hypothesis that there is no
significant difference among the three countries mostly get the top-five title for Miss Universe.
PUERTO
USA VENEZUELA
RICO
15 20 10
25 30 10
18 22 15
20 19 10
10 14 5

1. Hypothesis:
Ho: There is no significant difference among the three countries mostly get the top-five title for Miss
Universe
HA: there is a significant difference among the three countries mostly get the top-five title for Miss
Universe
2. Level of significance:
α = 0.05
d.f. = (c-1)(r-1) where c is column and r is row
= (3–1)(2–1) = (2)(1)
=2
2
Chi-square tabular value x 0.05 = 5.99

3. Test statistics: Median Test for multi sample

4. Statistics
I. Combine and arrange the data of the samples in ascending order.
5, 10, 10, 10, 10, 14 , 15, 15, 18, 19, 20, 20, 22, 25, 30
II. Determining the median scores for the combination of sample scores
N = 15
To get median position for
odd number of samples:
( N +1 )
Median= th position
2
( 15+1 ) 16
Median= = =8 th position
2 2
Since 15 is in the 8th, the median is 15.
III. Dichotomize or divide both set of scores at the common median value and put them into a
table.
- Assign a + sign values above median (15) and a – sign values at or below the median value (15)
PUERTO PUERTO
USA VENEZUELA USA VENEZUELA
RICO RICO
15 20 10 - + -
25 30 10 + + -
18 22 15 + + -

20 19 10 + + -

10 14 5 - - -

- For observed frequencies, count the number of total values above or below the median in each
group.
- For expected frequencies, multiply the total of observed frequencies to the sum of observed
frequencies of above and below median in each group and divide it by the grand total of the sum
of observed frequencies of above and below median.
Above 16 At or below 16
Groups + - Total
O E O E
USA 3 2.33 2 2.67 5
VENEZUELA 4 2.33 1 2.67 5
PUERTO RICO 0 2.33 5 2.67 5
7 8 15

IV. Computing the value of chi-square as a significance for median test using chi-square formula.

x 2=
∑ (O−E)2 = (3−2. 33)2 + (4−2.33)2 + ( 0−2.33)2 + 2−2. 67 ¿2 2 2
¿ + (1−2.67) + (5−2.67)
E 2.33 2.33 2.33 2. 67 2.67 2.67
2
x =6.96556879 ≈ 6. 97
The x2 computed value of 6.97 is greater than x2 table value of 5.99; reject null hypothesis.

The x2 computed value of 6.13 is greater than x 2 table value of 5.99 at 0.05 level of
significance with 2 degrees of freedom; hence the research hypothesis is rejected
which means that there is a significant difference among the three countries mostly
get the top five titles for Miss Universe.
References:
Chrome extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://psych.unl.edu/psycrs/handcomp/
hcmedian.PDF
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=elIW4fpGHBI&t=13s
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KPIw2pS7JdE
chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/https://egyankosh.ac.in/bitstream/
123456789/79672/1/Unit-8.pdf
https://www.slideshare.net/jennytuazon01630/non-parametric-statistics