GE103 – LESSON 7 – EL NINO & LA NINA from the west and excessive rainfall often turn to

dangerous typhoons.
OUTLINE
Hangin Amihan (Northeast monsoon) - Towards
I. Introduction
Japan or South
II. Origin of El Nino and La Nina
III. Global Effect of El Nino and La Nina  The winds need to rotate to scatter the heat
IV. The Effect of El Nino and La Nina in the in the planet and blow it into different
Philippines directions.
V. The Different regions affected by El Nino o The pressure of many areas will
and La Nina in the Philippines normalized
o Scatter the heat to make the
OUTCOMES
temperature normal
This chapter must be able to:
Normal
1. Describe the events experienced having El
Nino and La Nina phenomenon
2. Where do El Nino and La Nina occur?
3. What are the cause of an irregular global
climate
4. How do El Nino and La Nina affect global
climate
5. What are the Effects of El Nino and La Nina
in the Philippines
"El Nino" and "La Nina"
These are variations in  The easterly winds pushes the warm water
tropical Pacific Ocean from the east of the Pacific Ocean to the west
and atmosphere of the Pacific Ocean or to Asia
conditions that have  Heat is a factor of precipitation
global weather and  Movement of cold water is Upwelling
climate impacts. They
 Two types of water: Cold waters and Warm
are the most well-known
waters
of several cyclical and
 Thermocline - a steep temperature gradient
non-cyclical patterns
in a body of water such as a lake, marked by
operating on time scales
a layer above and below which the water is
from years to decades
at different temperatures.
El Nino

 Arrows tell us the direction of the wind and

the occurrences of El Nino and La Nina
Hangin Habagat (Southwest monsoon) – at the
Australian continent, and the low-pressure area is at
North China, Mongolia, and Siberia. The gusty winds
 Warm winds towards the West
 Intense heat at the Center
 Warm waters, dry areas in the Philippines
  More rains, wet, warm waters in America
La Nina
 Gush of wind strongly pushing the warm
wind towards the West (Philippines)
 Very wet and warm water in the Philippines
How to detect El Nino or La Nina?
 Measure the temperature of Pacific ocean
most especially at the eastern part
History and Origin of El Nino
 orange to red – intense heat
 Yellow - warm wind
 Black – landforms
 No intense heat, hence NORMAL
 Wind moves westernly
 El Nino
 Very warm in the Philippines, rainfall and
landslides
 Opposite side – Cold waters, very cold temp
 La Nina
 El Nino Southern Oscillation (ENSO) is an
atmosphere disturbance and recurrent
ocean warming. The warming cause massive
warming kills many sea birds and fish by
preventing nutrient rich cold water from rising
to the surface
 The cloud formation results in heavy rainfall,
floods, hurricanes, cyclones etc. In the
countries of South America.
 This weakens the cloud oration in western
equatorial Pacific which reduces rainfall and
 causes drought in west countries of the
Pacific like Australia, Indonesia. Thailand.
Philippines
Occurrence of El Nino
 Observed in 150
 Weather pattern that has returned 28 times
worldwide for the past centuries
 Occurs every 5 to 8 years but it comes
earlier from 3 to 5 Years
Global Effect of El Nino
1. The effect on marine water, brackish, and
fish ponds have due to reduction of rainfall
and increase in the salinity of tidal water.
2. Host of planetary climate changes altering
high level winds, and in, some cases,
typhoons and storms.
The Effects of El Nino in the Philippines
1. Decrease in agricultural products
2. Affected largest production of fishmeal
3. Affect water sources, hydropower
generators, health and sanitation and
socioeconomic conditions
4. Long famine and extreme heat
5. Extreme conditions in the weather
Worst scenarios:
1. Change in the surface temperature
2. Lack of water supply
3. Arid lands
4. Dry irrigation
5. Poor harvest
6. Poor fish catch
7. Bad effect on animals and plants in the
environment
8. forest fires
9. damaging natural parks and reserves
Some Measures of the Government:
1. There should be massive dissemination of
information about the phenomenon
2. Construction of Small Farm Reservoir (SFR)
which can hold the rainfall through the earth
embarkment
3. Introducing mulching, covering the ground
with straw or leaves around the plants to
reduce the water loss
4. Planting drought-tolerant plant varieties
5. Planting drought-resistant trees during
reforestations
6. Conservation in the use of household water.
LA NINA PHENOMENON
 happens in the Pacific Translated as the
“little girl” or also known as "cold tongue"
 Characterized by abnormally cold ocean and
tropical cyclones in the eastern equatorial
pacific
 Prolonged heavy rains, climatic condition
after El Nino
 Wetter than normal in Australia and
Indonesia
 Rise in temperature in China, Peru,
Carribean Island and United States have
more hurricanes and tropical cyclones
LA NINA PHENOMENON in the Philippines
1. Heavy rains and floods
2. Central Luzon suffered flashfloods and rise
of water
3. Agricultural land went underwater and many
crops were destroyed
4. Food supply and production suffered due to
continuous flooding of the rice fields
5. Tremendous weather disturbance
6. Damage infrastructures, farms, markets,
roads, and irrigation channels
7. Landslides, huge losses of livestock and
fishponds
Department of Agriculture stated that provinces
of the country are vulnerable
Rice producing:
 Southern Tagalog, Central Luzon, LeYte and
the Caraga in Mindanao
River basins:
 Agusan
 Bicol
 Cagayan
 Cotabato
 llog.Hilatagan
 Pampanga River
Watesheds:
 Albay
 Agusan del Norte
 Benguet
 Bukidnon
 Cagayan
 Camarines
 Sur
 Davao
 Ifugao
 Isabela
 North Cotabato
 South Cotabato
 Maguindanao