Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region V
SCHOOLS Division of Camarines Sur
Freedom Sports Complex, San Jose, Pili, Camarines Sur

(SCIENCE 9)

Name: ______________________________________________ Quarter: 3 Week: 6-7

Grade Level/Section: _______________________________ Date : __________________

IMPACTS OF CLIMATE CHANGE

I. Introductory Concept
Climate change encompasses not only rising average temperatures but also extreme
weather events, shifting wildlife populations and habitats, rising seas, and a range of
other impacts. Global climate change is now occurring such as loss of sea ice, accelerated
sea level rise and longer, and more intense heat waves. Taken as a whole, the range of
published evidence indicates that the net damage costs of climate change are likely to be
significant and to increase over time. Things that we depend upon and value — water,
energy, transportation, wildlife, agriculture, ecosystems, and human health — are
experiencing the effects of a changing climate.
Global warming can bring about a rising of the sea level due to the melting of ice
caps and glaciers. We may experience severe weather disturbances such as stronger
typhoons and heavier rainfalls. El Niño or La Niña phenomena are only some of the effects
of climate.
El Niño is an abnormal and lengthy warming in the eastern part of the Pacific Ocean.
This natural phenomenon occurs at irregular intervals of two to seven years and lasts for nine
months or two years at most. Usually, it starts at
the end of the year or during the Christmas
season that is why it is termed El Nino which
refers to Christ child.
Normally, as trade winds move from east to
west, they collect warm air. But when trade
winds are weakened, they caused the piling
up of warm surface water and making the part
of the Pacific Ocean warmer leading to the El
Niño phenomenon. This happens when the
https://ph.seekweb.com/search/#_search upwelling of colder water is blocked by the
Figure 2. Cooling of the eastern portion of the large quantities of warm surface water. Since
Pacific Ocean the Pacific Ocean is at the eastern part of the
Philippines, El Niño phenomenon affects the country. When there is an increase of the
temperature in the eastern part of the Pacific Ocean, it is expected that some areas in the

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Philippines will experience this climatic
phenomenon. Some areas in the country will
experience near to above average rainfall and
some areas may experience drier than normal
rainfall. El Niño will most likely bring severe
drought. It can cause stronger thunderstorm
disturbance and massive storms and a decrease
https://www.agoda.com/pacific ocean/oceans
in the population of some species.
Figure 2. Cooling of the eastern portion of the
La Niña is the opposite climatic disturbance
Pacific Ocean
to El Niño. This natural phenomenon may, but does
not always, follow El Niño events. It may last for nine to twelve months but in some cases, it
lasts for two years. This event is triggered by the cooling of the eastern part of the Pacific
Ocean that is why it is sometimes called “cold Pacific.” Trade winds that move from east to
west are strengthened. Upwelling of colder water intensifies. Moving air brings along too
much water vapor. When it reaches the land mass such as the Philippines, precipitation is
experienced. There would be an increase of rainfall in some areas in the Philippines. For
instance, areas that experienced severe drought caused by El Niño may encounter above
normal rainfall. But in some cases, areas that experience dry season will have drier than
normal conditions. La Niña’s effects are the opposite of El Niño.

II. Skills/Competency
• Describe certain climatic phenomena that occur on a global level (S9ES-IIIf-31)
III. Activities
Activity 1
Impact of Climate Change
Direction: Write inside the wheel the impact of climate change.

Impact of
Climate Change

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 Activity 2
Effects of Climate Change
Direction: Read the newspaper article about the Philippines’ vulnerability to the
effects of climate change. Identify the different effects cited in the articles.

Warmer, more extreme climate likely in PH by 2050, 2100

by John Leo C. Algo, Contributor July 20, 2018
Source:https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/1753759

The Philippine climate is poised to become warmer and more unpredictable, a

report by the Philippine Atmospheric, Geophysical, and Astronomical Services
Administration (PAGASA) stated. The agency produced an updated set of projections on
temperature and rainfall changes by 2050 and 2100, given the recent impacts of climate
change in the country in a nearly one-degree warmer world. "Observed current impacts
in the country are already seen to highly affect the economy, as well as other things such
as settlement and infrastructure, health and well-being, and natural ecosystems albeit
the proper attribution to climate change being very limited," said Lourdes Tibig, one of
the scientist-authors of the report. The study revealed that the country is warming by
0.1 degree Celsius every decade and this number would continue to rise in the future.
In a scenario marked by high carbon emissions, the warming could reach up to 1.2 to
2.3 degrees Celsius by 2050 and from 2.5 to 4.1 degree Celsius by 2100. While all regions
will experience similar warming, the impacts will vary by locale. For instance, the
planting and harvesting patterns of farmers in Central Luzon might be severely affected
by warmer environments. In urban areas, demand for refrigerators and air-conditioning
units could increase to cope with warmer environments. Meanwhile, rainfall patterns
will change, with variations depending on the region and season. Drier conditions
throughout the year would be experienced in most of Mindanao by 2050, indicating an
increased chance of droughts. These areas are reliant on stable water supply for
agricultural production and energy generation, being hit the hardest by the El Niño-
enhanced event of 2015-16. In contrast, Aastern Visayas and the Bicol region, which are
frequently hit by tropical cyclones, would become more prone to flooding and storm
surges during these months. The city of Tacloban in Leyte and surrounding communities
notably experienced the most destructive impacts of Typhoon Yolanda (Haiyan) in
November 2013. Under a high-emissions scenario, the number of tropical cyclones
affecting the Philippines may decrease, yet their intensity would probably increase. Sea
level rise would reach up to 20 centimeters by 2050, potentially displacing entire coastal
communities to more inland areas and causing more pressure on the country's natural
resources. These findings highlight the urgency of reducing carbon emissions to achieve
the 1.5-degree limit under the Paris climate agreement in both industrialized and
developing countries. It also stresses the importance for national and local government
units to formulate and implement climate change adaptation plans to increase
community resilience to future 128 disasters and other impacts. "Care should be
exercised in deciding how to interpret the ranges of changes in each of the climate
variables. Local community-based observations can and should be used to calibrate the
projected changes," Tibig said.

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 Activity 3
El Nino and La Nina
Direction: Aside from these impacts of the climate change that we are experiencing,
we still have two cyclical events that we encounter- El Niño and La Niña. Fill up the
table of the effects of El Niño and La Niña.

El Nińo La Nińa

IV. References

Grade 9 Science Learners Manual

Contextualized and Prototype Lesson Plan in Grade 9 (Quarter 3)
https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/.../Teacher_PSA_global_warming_effects_
https://climate.nasa.gov/effects
https://www.science.org.au/.../7-what-are-impacts-of-climate-change

Writer: MARY-ANNH.HOSANA
Layout: CHRISTY R. DAWAL
Quality Assured by: EMILY B. ESMABE
Education Program Supervisor-1, Science

Address: Freedom Sports Complex, San Jose, Pili, Camarines Sur

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Telephone No: (telefax) 8713340