SOCIALIZATION is a continuing process whereby an individual
acquires a personal identity and learns
the norms, values, behavior, and social skills appropriate to
his or her social position. Socialization can be
described from two points of view: objectively and
subjectively (Palispis, 2007p. 108)
OBJECTIVE
It refers to the society acting upon a children.
SUBJECTIVE
The process by which society transmits its culture from
generation to the next adapts the individual to the accepted
approved ways of organized social life.
AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION
-these refer to the various social groups or social institutions
that play a significant role in introducing and integrating the
individual as an accepted and functioning member of society
(Banaag, 2012 p.138).
FAMILY is the first agent of socialization. Mothers and fathers,
siblings and grandparents, plus members of an extended
family, all teach a child what he or she needs to know.
PEER GROUP is made up of people who are similar in age and
social status and who share interests.
SCHOOLS socialize children by teaching them their formal
curricula but also a hidden curriculum that imparts the
cultural values of the society in which the schools are found.
One of these values is the need to respect authority, as
evidenced by these children standing in line.
WORKPLACE is another agent of socialization. A place (such
as a shop or factory) where work is done.
RELIGION is belief in a god or in a group of gods Many people
turn to religion for comfort in a time of crisis. an organized
system of beliefs, ceremonies, and rules used to worship a
god or a group of gods. There are many religions, such as
Buddhism, Christianity, Hinduism, Islam, and Judaism.
GOVERNMENT is the system or group of people governing an
organized community, generally a state.
MASS MEDIA means of communication that reach large
numbers of people in a short time, such as television,
newspapers, magazines, and radio.
SOCIAL STATUS refers to the position an individual occupies
in society and implies an array of rights and duties (Linton,
1936 p.113). Relate to status is a social role that involves the
pattern of expected behavior in a social relationship with one
or more persons occupying other statuses (Panopio, 1994
p.97). Social Statuses can be classified into two (Please see
the diagram).
ACHIEVED STATUS
-Status that an individual earns or chooses and that reflects
their skills, abilities, and efforts
ASCRIBED STATUS
-Status that an individual is born with or otherwise assigned
and has no control over
CONFORMITY
the process whereby people change their beliefs, attitudes,
actions, or perceptions to more closely match those held by
groups to which they belong or want to belong or by groups
whose approval they desire.
COMPLIANCE
THIS INVOLVES 'GOING ALONG WITH OTHERS IN TERMS OF
BEHAVIOUR OR ATTITUDES.
IDENTIFICATION
THIS INVOLVES CHANGE ATTITUDE/BEHAVIOUR TO MATCH
THE GROUP BUT ONLY ON A TEMPORARY BASIS.
INTERNALIZATION
THIS INVOLVES A LONGER TERM CHANGE OF BEHAVIOUR
AND ATTITUDE.
DEVIANCE
Deviance refers to rule-breaking behaviour of some kind
which fails to conform to the norms and expectations of
a particular society or social group. Deviance is closely
related to the concept of crime, which is law breaking
behaviour. Criminal behaviour is usually deviant, but not all
deviant behaviour is criminal
What is Social Control of Deviance?
-Social control refers to ways in which a society tries to
prevent and sanction behavior that violates norms.

HUMAN RIGHTS
Human rights are natural rights of all human beings whatever
their nationality, religion, ethnicity, sex, language, and color.
We are equally entitled to our human rights without
discrimination. Hence, human rights are inalienable rights
that protect our dignity as human beings.

Natural Rights – there are inherent to man and given to him

by God as a human being. Examples of these
rights are the right to live, love, and be happy.

Constitutional Rights – these are the right guaranteed under

the fundamental charter of the country. Examples of these
rights are the rights against unreasonable searches and
seizures, the rights bill of attainder, and the rights
safeguarding the accused under the Bill of Rights.

Statutory Rights – these are rights provided by the

lawmaking body of a country or by law, such as the rights to
receive a minimum wage and the rights to a preliminary
investigation.

Civil Rights – these are rights specified under the Bill of

Rights, such as freedom of speech, right to information.
These are rights enjoyed by an individual by virtue of his
citizenship in a state or community.

Economic Rights – these are rights to property, whether

personal, real, or intellectual. Some examples of these rights
include the following: the right to use and dispose of his
property, the right to practice one’s profession, and right to
make a living.

Political Rights – these are rights an individual enjoys as a

consequence of being a member of a body politic. Some
examples of political rights are the following: the right to
vote and the right to be voted into public office.