Becoming A Member

of the Society
Unit 2: Organization of Society
SOCIALIZATION
- A continuing process whereby an individual
acquires a personal identity and learns the
norms, values, behavior and social skills
appropriate to his and her personal position.
- It teaches how to behave and act within our
society.
- A continuous life process.
SOCIALIZATION POINTS OF
VIEW
a. OBJECTIVE SOCIALIZATION – refers to the
society acting upon the child.

b. SUBJECTIVE SOCIALIZATION – process by

which society transmits its culture from one
generation to the next and adapts the
individual to the accepted and approved
ways of organized social life.
FUNCTIONS OF SOCIALIZATION
1. Personality Development – develop our
sense of identity and belongingness.
2. Skills Development and Training –
development of social skills such as
communication, interpersonal, and
occupational.
3. Values Formation- individuals are
influenced or engulfed by the prevailing
values of social groups and society.
FUNCTIONS OF SOCIALIZATION
4. Social Integration and Adjustment – the
socialization process allows us to fit-in an
organized way of life by being accustomed
including cultural setting.
5. Social Control and Stability – integration
to society binds individuals to the control
mechanisms set forth by society’s norms
with regard to acceptable social relationships
and social behavior.
IMPORTANCE OF SOCIALIZATION
PERSONALITY

CULTURE SEX ROLE

DIFFERENTIATION

SOCIALIZATION IS
VITAL TO:

For human development- to grow and function

socially.
✔Culture – internalized
✔Individual – imbibes it and influence others.
AGENTS OF SOCIALIZATION
⮚ Guides every individual in
FAMILY
understanding what is
happening in the society.
⮚ Social Norms – formed to MASS
SCHOOL
control individual behavior in a MEDIA
given society.
⮚ Norms - include society’s
standard of morality, good
manners, integrity, and
WORK
legality. CHURCH
PLACE
⮚ Forms of Norms:
⮚ Folkways
PEER
⮚ Mores GROUP
⮚ Laws
FORMS OF SOCIAL NORMS
• Customary patterns that specify what is socially correct and proper in
everyday life.
• Repetitive or the typical habits and patterns of expected behavior followed
FOLKWAYS within a group of community.

• Define what is morally right and wrong.

• Folkways with ethical and moral significance which are strongly held and
MORES emphasized.

• Norms that are enforced formally by a special political organization.

• Component of culture that regulates and controls the peoples behavior and
LAWS conduct.
VALUES
* Peter Worsley – “the good”, ideas about the
kind of ends that people should pursue
throughout their lives and the many activities
that they are engaged with.
* Values are relative depending on its
context.
* Fundamental Values – patriotism, respect
for human dignity, rationality, sacrifice,
individuality, equality, democracy, and etc.
 According to According to
Robin William Jaime Bulatao, S.J.

Achievement and Emotional Closeness

Success and Security

Activity and Work Authority Value

Economic and Social

Moral Orientation
Betterment

Patience, Suffering,
Humanitarianism
and Endurance

Efficiency and
Practicality
VALUE ORIENTATIONS
OF SOCIETIES
SOCIAL STATUS
• refers to the position an individual occupies in
society and implies an array of rights and duties.

Ascribed Status
• Assigned by birth
• Little personal choice on sex
and age
• Expectations of behavior
Achieved Status
• Acquired by choice, merit or effort
• Possible through special abilities
and talents, performance or
opportunities
• Choice in occupation, marriage
and religious organization.
Conformity and Deviance
Erwin Goffman in The Presentation of Self in
Everyday Life, everyone is playing a role in their
respective societies.
❑CONFORMITY
❑choosing an action that a majority favors or
that is socially acceptable.
❑DEVIANCE
❑choosing an action that is not socially
acceptable or that a majority does not favor.
TYPES OF CONFORMITY
* Compliance or Group Acceptance – adopts
the induced behavior to gain specific rewards
and approval to avoid punishment.
* Internalization or Genuine Acceptance of
Group Norms – adopts the behavior because
of its congruency with his value system.
* Identification or Group Membership –
conforms to the expectation of social role.
* Ingratiational – conforms to impress, to be
“in”.
 FUNCTIONS OF DEVIANCE
• Ronald W. Smith and Frederick W. Preston outlined some
functions which deviance performs to support the social system
in the following:

Deviance serves as an outlet for diverse forms

of expressions.

Deviance serves to define the limits of

acceptable behavior.

Deviance may also promote in-group

solidarity.

Deviance can serve as a barometer of social

strain.
 SOCIOLOGICAL THEORIES OF DEVIANCE
EMILE

FUNCTIONALIST THEORY
DURKHEIM

STRAIN THEORY
ROBERT MERTON

CONTROL THEORY
There is In an unequal society, the tension or
nothing strain between socially approved goals in
abnormal in an individual’s ability to meet those
deviance. goals through socially approved means
will lead to deviance.
TRAVIS
Deviance HIRSCHI
Forms of Deviance:
• Affirms • Conformity – accepts cultural goal of Social
cultural success and legitimate means for institutions
values and achieving goals. contribute to
norms. • Innovation - accepts cultural goal of social order
• Clarifies success but rejects socially accepted by
moral means of achieving it –illegitimate controlling
boundary. means. deviant
• Ritualism – rejects the importance of tendencies
• Promotes success.
social unity. in every
• Retreatism- withdrawal from society, individual.
• Encourages caring neither about success nor about
social working.
change. • Rebellion – when people reject and
attempt to change both the goals and
means approved by society.
 SOCIAL CONTROL OF DEVIANCE
• Social control refers to the efforts of a group or
society to regulate the behavior of its members in
conformity with the established norms.

Types of Sanction

Informal Sanction Formal Sanction

Positive Negative Made in

Unofficial, Criminal
informal informal Needed in the form of
casual Official, Justice
sanction sanctions large arrest, trial
pressures institution System for
with with complex and
to conform alized Social
rewards penalties societies imprison-
Control
ment
HUMAN RIGHTS AND DIGNITY
• Human Rights are natural rights of all
human beings whatever their nationality,
religion, ethnicity, sex, language, and
color.
• All are EQUALLY entitled To our human
rights without discrimination.
• Human Rights = HUMAN DIGNITY
– were all rights are fundamentally derived.
 RIGHTS IN A DEMOCRATIC SOCIETY
• Natural Rights – inherent to
man and given by God. Natural
Rights
• Constitutional Rights –
from the fundamental charter Consti-
Economic
of the country. tutional
Rights
Rights
• Statutory Rights – provided
Rights of
by a lawmaking body. Human
• Civil Rights – specified Beings
under the Bill of Rights.
Political Statutory
• Economic Rights – rights to Rights Rights
property
• Political Rights – rights Civil
enjoyed by being a member of Rights

a body.