BECOMING A

MEMBER OF
SOCIETY
- GROUP 3
“ All that is valuable in human
society depends upon the
opportunity for development
accorded the individual”.

-Albert Einstein
SOCIALIZATION

-is a continuing process

whereby an individual acquired
a personal identity and learns
the norms, values, behavior, and
social skills appropriate to his
and her social position.
The process of socialization is
very essential because it teaches
us how to behave and act within
our society. Hence, it is a
continuous process in life. As
people move from one stage to
an other, such as from childhood
to adolescence, from adulthood
to old age, or from one group to
another, they discard old ways
of behaving and learn new
Socialization can be described from
two
points of view: objectively and
subjectively Subjective
(Palispis, 2007 p. 108).Socialization
It refers to the
society acting
The process by which
upon the child.
society transmits its
culture from one
generation to the next
Objective and adapts the
individual to the
Socialization
accepted and approved
 FUNCTIONS
OF
SOCIALIZATIO
N
 It is through the
process of
socialization that Personality and
we develop our Role
sense of identity Development
and belongingness.

The much-needed
social skills such as
Skills
communication,
Development and
interpersonal, and
Training
occupational are
develop.
 Individuals are
influenced or Values Formation
engulfed by the
prevailing values of
social groups and
society.
The socialization
process allows us to
Social Integration fit-in an organized
and Adjustment way of life by being
accustomed including
cultural setting
 Integration to
society binds
individuals to the
control mechanism Social Control
set forth by and Stability
society’s norms
with regard to
acceptable social
relationships and
behavior.
Socialization continues to be an
important part of human
development. It is an instrument
on how an individual will adapt
to his existing environment in
order to survive. The process of
socialization enables the
individual to grow and function
socially (Medina, 1991 p. 47).
IMPORTANC
Culture
E
OF
SOCIALIZATI
ON
Sex Role Socializatio
Differentiati n Personality
on is vital to:
Hence, the change in man’s social
reality modifies his culture.
Sociologists say that the culture
becomes “internalized”, that the
individual “imbibes” it, and that in
this way, “from the inside”, it
continues to influence his conduct
(Palispis, 2007 p. 112).

The importance of socialization is

very vitals in mans daily life.
Agent of Socialization
Socialization will not be take place
without the agents of socialization.
These refers to the various social
groups or social institutions that
plays a significant role in
introducing and integrating the
individual as an accepted and
functioning member of society
(Banaag, 2012 p. 138).
 FAMILY
MASS
MEDIA SCHOOL

WORK
CHURCH
PLACE
PEER
GROUP
The agents of socialization guide
every individual in understanding
what is happening in our society.
People learn to determine what is
proper, right or wrong, appropriate
and inappropriate. Social norms were
formed in order to control individual
behavior in a given society. They
usually in a form of rules or
prescriptions followed by people who
obey certain standards or rules in
society. The norms include society’s
The following are forms of social norms.
š These are the customary patterns that
specify what is socially correct and proper in
FOLK everyday life.
š They are the repetitive or the typically
-
habits and patterns of expected behavior
WAYS followed within a group of community.
š They define what is morally right and
morally wrong.
MORES š These are the folkways with ethical and
moral significance which are strong held and
emphasized.
š These are norms that are enforced formally
by a special political organization.
š Components of culture that regulates and
LAW controls the people behavior and conduct.
S
According to Peter Worsley, values
are general conceptions of “the good”,
ideas about the kinds of ends that
people should pursue throughout their
lives and throughout the many
different activities in which they
engage. Values such as fundamental
right, patriotism, respect for human
dignity, rationality, sacrifice,
individuality, equality, democracy etc.
guide our behavior in many ways.
Robin William attempted to identify
the major value orientations of many
societies.
Achievement and
Success
Activity and Work

Moral Orientation

Humanitarianism

Efficiency and
Practicality
In a study about Filipino values,
Jaime Bulatao, SJ, discovered the
following values held highly by the
Filipinos. Emotional Closeness and
Security in the Family

Authority Value

Economic and Social

Betterment

Patience, Suffering, and

Endurance
Socialization as a continuous process
serves as an avenue for developing
self-concept which is essential in role
identification. The self responds to
categories called social status (Clark
and Robby, 1986 p. 65).
The child must learn the categories or
statuses by which to identify or define
himself/herself like being a daughter,
friend, students, Catholics lay
evangelist, secretary of the Book
Lovers Club, etc. (Panopio, 1994 p.
97)
Social Status refers to the position an
individual occupies in society and
implies an array of rights and duties
(Linton, 1936 p. 113)
Related to status is a social role which
involves the pattern of expected
behavior in a social relationship with
one or more persons accupying other
statuses (Panopio, 1994 p. 97)
Social Statuses can be
classified
into two:
Ascribed and
Achieved.
Ascribed
Statuses
Those which are
assigned to the
individual from birth.
It involves little personal
choice like age and sex.

It carries with it certain

expectations of behavior.
Achieved
Statuses
It is acquired by choice,
merit, or individual
effort.
It is made possible
through special abilities
or talents, performance
or opportunities
Choice in occupation,
marriage, joining a
religious organization
are examples.
Individuals learn their roles through
the different agents of socialization.
This avenue for socialization molds
the individuals in relation to the
expected behavior patterns
(Lindersmith, Strauss, and Denim,
1975 p. 400).
The essential in role playing are:

1. A definition of the role and an

identification of self.
2. Behavior in given situations
appropriate to the role.
3. A background of related acts by
others (counter roles) which serve
as cues to guides specific
performances.
4. An evaluation by the individual and
by others of the performances of
Conformity and Deviance
Conformity and
Deviance
The identification of oneself in society
is always relative to his/her existing
environment. Social role must be
performed in connection with the
expected behavior. Erwing Goofman,
in his book The Presentation of Self in
Everyday Life, tried to show how
certain social processes modify the
presentation of self and the impact of
role expectations on the behavior of
Conformity and
Deviance
To Goffman, everyone is consciously
playing a role.

When persons presents themselves to

others in everyday interaction, they
organize their overt behavior in such a
way as to guide and control
the impressions others form of them to
elicit
role-taking response (Panopio, et. Al,
Conformity and
Deviance
More so, it is a process of conformity
where individuals attempt to change
his/her behavior because of the desire
to conform with defined social norm.
Kelman (1959) distinguished between
the different types of conformity:
compliance, internalization,
identification, and ingratiational.
Compliance (or group
acceptance)
This occur when an individual
accepts influenced because he hopes
to achieved a favorable reaction
from another person or groups. He
adopts the induced behavior
because he expects to gain specific
rewards or approval and avoids
specific punishment or disapproval
by conformity (Kelman, 1958 p.
53).
Internalization ( genuine acceptance of
group norms)

This occur when an individual

accepts influences because the
content of the induced behavior –
the ideas and actions of which it is
composed – is intrinsically
rewarding. He adopts the induced
behavior because it is congruent ot
consistent with his value system
(kelman, 1958, p. 53)
 Internalization always involves
public and private conformity. A
person publicly changes his behavior
to fit in with the group, while also
agreeing with others privately. This
is the deepest level of conformity
where the belielfs of the groups
become part of the individuals own
belief system.
Identification (or group
membership)
This occurs “when an individual
accepts influence because he wants
to establish or maintain a satisfying
self-defining relationship to
another person or group” (Kelman,
1958, p. 53). Individuals conform
to the expectations of a social role,
e.g. nurses, police officers, it is
similar to compliance as there does
not have to be a change in private
Ingratiatio
nal
This is when a person conforms
to impress or gain favor acceptance
from other people. It is similar to
normative influence, but is
motivated by the needs for social
rewards rather than the threat of
rejection, i.e., group pressure does
not enter the decision to conform.
Conformity and
Deviance
On the other hand, nonconformity of
an individual would mean deviation
from acceptable social norms which is
known as social deviance. Social
deviance refers to any behavior that
differs or diverges from established
social norms (Banaag, 2012 p. 144)
Conformity and
Deviance
The concept of deviance is complex
because norms vary considerably
across groups, times, and places. In
other words, what one group may
consider acceptable, another may
consider deviant. (www.cliffnotes.com).
Function of
Deviance
Functions of
Deviance

Ronald W. Smith and Frederick W.

Preston outlined some functions
which deviance performs to support
the social system in the following:
Deviance serves as an outlet for diverse
forms of expressions.
Deviance serves to define the limits of
acceptable behavior.

Deviance may also promote in group

solidarity.

Deviance can serve as a barometer

of social strain.
Sociological
Theories
of Deviance
1. Functionalist Theory

According to Emille Durkheim, deviance

can serve a number of functions for society.
He asserted that there is nothing abnormal
in deviance. He gave four majors functions
of deviance:
a. Deviance affirms cultural values and
norms.
b. Responding to deviance clarifies moral
boundary
c. Responding to deviance promotes social
unity.
2. Strain
Theory
Robert Merton argued that in an
equal society the tension or strain
between socially approved goals and
an individual’s ability to meet those
goals through socially approved means
will lead to deviance as an individulas
rejects either the goals, the means, or
both.
Robert K. Merton’s Deviance
Typology
Institutionalized Means
Accept Reject
Reject Accept

Conformi Innovatio
ty n
Cultural
Goals

Ritualism Retreatio
n New
New Goals Means
Rebellion
 Merton gave the following forms of
deviance that emerge from strain (Palispis,
2007, p. 218-219):
a. Conformity –it involves accepting both
the cultural goal of success and the use
of legitimate means for achieving that
goal.
b. Innovation –this response involves
accepting the goal of success but
rejecting the use of socially accepted
means of achieving it, turning instead to
unconventional, illegitimate means.
c. Ritualism –this occurs when people
deemphasize or reject the importance of
success once they realize they will never
achieved it and instead concrete
concentrate on following or enforcing these
rules than ever was intended.
d. Retreatism –this means withdrawal
from society, caring neither about success
nor about working.
e. Rebellion –this occurs when people
rejects and attempt to change both the
goals and the means approved by society.
3. Control
Theory
Travis Hirschi assumed that the
family, school, and other social
institutions can greatly contribute to
social order by controlling deviant
tendencies in very individual.
Social Control of
Deviance
Social Control of
Deviance
In order to regulates nonconformity
nwith the social norms, society
created measures in order to limit
deviance.
Social control refers to the efforts
of the group or society to regulates
the behavior of its members in
conformity with established norms
(Palispis, 2007 p. 227)
Social Control of
Deviance
Social control includes the use of
behavioral restraints to encourage
people to follow set social expectations.
There are two types of sanctions:
Informal and
Formal
 š These are unofficial, often
casual pressures to conform.
š Positive informal sanctions
involve rewards for
conformity or compliance.
Informa Examples are: smile, kiss, an
affirmation, or words of
l approval.
Sanctio š Negative sanctions or
ns informal sanctions involve
penalties for not conforming.
These may take the form of
ridicule, ostracism, rejection,
 š These are official, institution
incentives to conform and
penalties for deviance.
š These are needed in large,
complex societies.
Formal š The criminal justice system
Sanctio is the most important and
visible institution of social
ns control.
š These may take the form of
arrest, pre-trial, sentencing,
or imprisonment.
Human Rights
and Dignity
Human Rights and
Dignity
Human rights are natural rights of
all human beings whatever their
nationality, religion, ethnicity, sex ,
language, and color. We are equally
entitled to our human rights without
discrimination.
Hence, human rights are inalienable
rights that protect our dignity as a
human beings. There are different
kinds of rights people enjoy in a
 Natural
Rights

Political Constitutiona
Rights l
Rights
Rights of
Human
Being
Economic Statutory
Rights Rights
Civil
Rights
1. Natural Rights

These are the rights inherent to

man and given to min by God as
human being. examples of these rights
are the right to live, love and be
happy.
2. Constitutional Rights

These are the rights guaranteed

under the fundamental charter of the
country. Examples of these rights are
the right against unreasonable
searches and seizures, the rights
against bill of attainder, and the
rights safeguarding the accused under
the bill of rights.
3. Statutory Rights

These are rights by the lawmaking

body of a country or by law, such as
the right to receive a minimum wage
and the right to the preliminary
investigation.
4. Civil Rights

These are rights specified under

the Bill of Rights, such as freedom of
speech, right to information. These
are rights enjoyed by an individual
by virtue of his citizenship in a state
or community.
5. Economic Rights

These are rights to property,

whether personal, real, or
intellectual. Some examples of these
rights include the following: right to
use and dispose his property, right to
practice one’s profession, and right
to make a living.
6. Political Rights

These are rights an individual

enjoys as a consequence of being a
member of a body politic. Some
examples of political rights are the
following: right to vote and right to
be vote into public office.
 The protection of the different rights of
human beings promotes the notion of
human dignity. Dignity of human being is
essential concept in the society as well as in
morality, because through it the quality
and honor of the people can be determined,
and from the sense of dignity the concept
of human rights can also be measured.
 The knowledge and understanding of
individuals of their basic human rights will
help in identifying their duties and
responsibilities as a member of society.
Likewise, the role of the agents of
socialization will help the each individuals
to become a productive member of society.
The End….