Jajura Word123

WACHEMO UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES
ASSESSMENT, PRIORITIZATION AND INTERVENTION OF

HEALTH AND HEALTH RELATED PROBLEMS IN JAJURA
HEALTH CENTER CATCHMENT AREA, HADIYA, SNNPR,
ETHIOPIA, 2023.
BY: JAJURA TEAM
ADVISORS:-Mr.MARKOS SELAMU
Mr. TADDESE LALAGO
JULY, 2023
JAJURA, ETHIOPIA
WACHEMO UNIVERSITY
COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES
ASSESSMENT, PRIORITIZATION AND INTERVENTION OF

HEALTH AND HEALTH RELATED PROBLEMS IN JAJURA
HEALTH CENTER CATCHMENT AREA, JAJURA TOWN
ADIMINSTRATION, SNNPR, ETHIOPIA, 2023
ADVISORS:-Mr.MARKOS SELAMU (BSc, MPH)
Mr. TADDESE LALAGO (BSc, MSc)
PREPARED BY JAJURA TEAM MEMBERS

NO NAME ID. No DEPARTMENT
1 Dr.DESTA ALEMU MEDICINE
2 Dr.DEMIREW DABARO MEDICINE
3 Dr.TESFAHUN BEKELE MEDICINE
4 Dr.TEKALIGN YEHUALAWORK MEDICINE
5 Dr.FIKIREAB TESFAYE MEDICINE
6 ELISABETH SIMION PHO
7 FIRAOL GUDETA PHO
8 ABRAHAM DINSA PHO
9 BETALIHEM NIGUSSIE M/LABORATORY
10 BURUK ANMAW M/LABORATORY
11 ELALEDIN KEDIR M/LABORATORY
12 MINTASINOT THOMAS M/LABORATORY
13 DERARA TAYE S/ NURSING
14 FIROMSA MOSISA S/ NURSING
15 EDEN TIKABO P/NURSING
16 EYERUSALEM GETACHEW P NURSING
17 KASECH TERBINOS ANESTHESIA
18 HENAN ZERIHUN ANESTHESIA
19 ALIFA TAJU MEDIWIFERS
20 HASSEN MOHAMMED C/NURSING
21 MUAZ MOHAMMED C/NURSING
22 OBSA SHAZALI C/NURSING
23 AMANUEL SEWAYEHU C/NURSING
Acknowledgement
We would like to thank Wachemo University College of Medicine and Health
Science for arranging this practical field training program and giving us the
opportunity to go through identification of the actual community problems and
take part in problem solving activities in a concerted way. Our deepest gratitude is
to our advisor Mr.Markos and Mr. Taddese devoted his time to guide and help us
by giving constructive suggestion and facilitating necessary materials .Our special
thanks also go to the administrative bodies in Jajura town and Jajura health center
for their cooperation and willingness to provide us valuable information. Most
importantly our thanks go to the respondents in the study area for their voluntary
participation in this study.
Table of content
Acknowledgement.......................................................................................................................................4
Table of content..........................................................................................................................................5
LIST OF TABLE..............................................................................................................................................8
ACROMOMY AND ABREVATION..................................................................................................................9
SUMMARY.................................................................................................................................................10
CHAPTER ONE............................................................................................................................................11
1. INTRODUCTION.....................................................................................................................................11
1.1. Background.....................................................................................................................................11
1.2 Statement of the problem...............................................................................................................13
1.3 Significance of the study..................................................................................................................15
2. LITERATURE REVIEW.............................................................................................................................16
2.1. Vital statistics..................................................................................................................................16
2.2. Environmental Health Condition....................................................................................................16
2.2.1 Housing condition.....................................................................................................................16
2.2.2 Water Supply............................................................................................................................17
2.2.3 Waste Disposal and sanitation..................................................................................................18
2.3 Maternal and Child health...............................................................................................................19
2.3.1 Family planning.........................................................................................................................19
2.3.2 Antenatal care..........................................................................................................................19
2.3.3 Child Immunization...................................................................................................................19
2.3.4 Institutional and non-institutional delivery...............................................................................20
3. Objectives..............................................................................................................................................21
3.1 General Objective............................................................................................................................21
3.2 Specific objectives............................................................................................................................21
4. Methods and Materials.........................................................................................................................23
4.1 Study area and period.....................................................................................................................23
4.2 Study design....................................................................................................................................23
4.3 Population.......................................................................................................................................23
4.3.1 Source population.....................................................................................................................23
4.3 2. Study Population......................................................................................................................23
4.3.3 Study unit..................................................................................................................................23
4.4 Eligibility criteria..............................................................................................................................23
4.4.1 Inclusion criteria.......................................................................................................................23
4.4.2 Exclusion criteria.......................................................................................................................23
4.5 SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION........................................................................................................24
4.6 SAMPLING METHOD AND PROCEDURE...........................................................................................24
4.7. Study variables................................................................................................................................25
4.8. Operational definition....................................................................................................................25
4.9. Data collection instrument and quality control..............................................................................27
4.10. Data processing and analysis plan................................................................................................27
4.11. Ethical consideration....................................................................................................................27
4.12. Dissemination of results...............................................................................................................27
4.13 Work plan......................................................................................................................................29
4.14 Budget plan....................................................................................................................................30
4.15 Situational Analysis of Jajura Health Centre..................................................................................30
4.15.1 BACKGROUND OF THE JAJURA HEALTH CENTER.....................................................................30
4.15.2. Main services provided in the Jajura health center...............................................................31
4.15.3 Key activities of the Departments..........................................................................................31
Reference..................................................................................................................................................36
Annex: questionnaire................................................................................................................................38
LIST OF TABLE
Table 1: work plan for TTP training for Jajura team of wcu medicine and health sciences
students Jajura, hadiya,SNNPR,Ethiopia from July 1-august 15,2023.........................................29
Table 2: Budget plan for TTP training for Jajura team of wcu medicine and health sciences
students jajura,hadiya,SNNPR,Ethiopia from July 1-august 15,2023...........................................30
Table3:The most common disease that diagnosed in adult OPD from july 1-augst
15,Jajura,hadiya,SNNPR,Ethiopia,2022........................................................................................31
Table 4: The most common disease that diagnosed in under 5 OPD from July 1-augst 15, Jajura,
Hadiya, SNNPR, Ethiopia, 2022...................................................................................................32
Table 5: The most common laboratory tests done from July 1-augst 15, Jajura, Hadiya, SNNPR,
Ethiopia, 2022................................................................................................................................33
Table 6: Action plan for static activities at Jajura health center by WCU graduating Health
Science students, 2023...................................................................................................................34
Table 7: Action plan of TTP Prioritized problems in Jajura health center done by WCU
graduating Health Science students, 2023 `...................................................................................35
ACROMOMY AND ABREVATION
AFI: Acute febrile illness
ANC: Antenatal Care
CBE: Community Based Education
CBTP: Community Based Training Program
CDI: Community Directed Intervention
CHA: Community health assessment
EDHS: Ethiopia Demographic Health Survey
EPI: Expanded Program of Immunization
FP: Family planning
GDP: Gross Domestic Product
HEP: Health Extension Program
HC: Health Center
HP: Health Post
HH: House hold
IUCD: Intrauterine Contraceptive Device
MCH: Maternal and Child Health
MDG: Millennium Development Goal
ORS: Oral Rehydration Salt
PAB: Prevention at Birth
PHC: Primary Health Care
PMTCT: Prevention of Mother to Child Transmission
PNC: Postnatal Care
SRP: Student research project
TDR: Tropical Disease Research
TTP: Team training Programme
URTI: Upper Respiratory Tract Infection
WCU: Wachemo University
WHO: World Health Organization
SUMMARY
Background: - Community based Education is a means of achieving educational relevance to
community needs and consists of learning activates that use the community-oriented education
program. Health and health related problems are worsening in the world. These problems are
more rampant(widespread) in developing nations as compared to those in the developed world,
Ethiopia as being one of the countries in the developing nations, have been encountering much of
their burdens which aggravated the health problem. Drinking unsafe water, unsafe sanitation and
lack of hygiene also remain important causes of death, with an estimated 871,000 associated
deaths occurring in 2012. Such deaths disproportionately occur in low-income communities and
among children under 5 years of age.
Objective: To assess, Prioritize and intervene health and health related problems in the Jajura
Health center catchment area, south west Ethiopia, 2023.
Methods: A community based cross sectional study will be conducted starting from July 13 -15,
2023. The total sample size will be 311. Then systematic random sampling method will be used
to select households for interview from the selected kebele. Data will be collected by using
structured questionnaire using face to face interview with observation. The data will be checked
for completeness, coded, cleaned and entered into ODK data collector for analysis. Finally, the
results will be presented in texts, pie chart, graph and tables.
CHAPTER ONE
1. INTRODUCTION
1.1. Background
Community based Education (CBE) is a means of achieving educational relevance to community
needs and consists of learning activates that use the community -oriented education program [1].
It designed on three main phases; which are team training program (TTP), community based
training program (CBTP), and community health assessment (CHA), sometimes SRE (student
research project), & the one which mainly used in an undergraduate level is the CBTP. Team
training program is a program conducted by a mix of students from different departments in the
college of health and medical sciences for gaining competence and skills through cooperative
and collaborative approaches[1].TTP is one of educational means of training all categories of
students of health professionals to learn together the competency and skill they need to solve the
problem which are known to be particularly amenable to team work and inter professional action
in real working environment like health center. Team training program to enable students to
develop positive attitudes towards rural practices ,appreciate community health activities and
challenges, establish community links with other sectors and promote inter-sectorial
collaboration, appreciate the interdisciplinary nature of health care provision, gain experience in
real life conditions, develop team work skills, develop communication skills with a range of
stakeholder and develop mechanisms which facilitate their involvement in all health activities
and develop their research skills[1].
In Ethiopia health related problems are major concerning area by government and other
organizations and the government makes different policies and strategies to improve ,so team
training program works systematically to collect, analyse and intervene health problems in
collaboration with the community. Without improved delivery of health services, the present
obstacles – accessibility, affordability and utilization of the health systems-will perpetuate
disparities and likely increase the risk factors, incidence and prevalence of treatable and
manageable health conditions as the size of vulnerable and marginalized urban populations
grows. Sustaining a healthy community is the goal of every part of the world. However,
achieving this goal requires careful planning and organized community members, health
organizations, academic institutions, and various government agencies.[1]
Reduction in disease burden would enable these communities and groups to become more
economically active and, thereby, further reduce the socioeconomic factors contributing to
disease occurrence. Achieving reduction in disease burden lies in ensuring available health
interventions reach at risk. Many simple, affordable and effective disease control measures have
had limited impact due to poor access especially by the poorer populations (urban and rural) and
inadequate community participation [2]. ‘Community Directed Interventions for major health
problems in Africa’ was found to be effective and efficient thus providing overwhelming
evidence for its use as a strategy in delivering multiple interventions at the community level in
rural Africa should be mandatory [2]. There is thus a need to test the feasibility, acceptability and
effectiveness of the CDI strategy.
During 2011-12, the World Health Organization’s Special Program for Research and Training in
Tropical Diseases (TDR) sponsored a multi-country situation analysis in four large and medium-
sized urban settings throughout Africa-including Ghana (Bolgatanga, Wa), Liberia (Monrovia),
Nigeria (Ibadan) and the Democratic Republic of Congo (Kinshasa) - to explore the feasibility of
the CDI approach in addressing multiple disease intervention in urban communities [4].
Health care is one of the crucial components of basic service that has a direct linkage to the
growth and development of the country as well as to the welfare of a society. Infectious and
communicable diseases accounts for about 60-80%.These are very high-unmet health care need
in rural Ethiopia that needs to be addressed through rapid expansion of Primary Health Care
(PHC) services. According to the study done in dire dawa sabian kebele 02 revealed that out of
156 households fleas have found in 29(19.6%) households, mosquito in 73(46%), cockroaches in
94(60.05%) and rat in 57(36.5%). The effects of most housing conditions on human health
cannot be directly brought unless by its adverse circumstances. The adverse conditions will be
found to be associated with communicable disease, intestinal infections, pneumonia, TB and
mental illness. Recently in some places government starts to build and distribute condominium
houses which reduce number of substandard houses [5].
Ethiopia, as one of developing countries, shares all the health related problems of other
developing countries. As an example, the reports of Federal ministry of health, and EDHS 2016
indicates level of Fertility is 4.6% , Infant Mortality Rate (48/1000) , Neonatal Mortality Rate
(29/1000) ,Under five mortality rate (67/1000) Maternal Mortality Ratio(412/100000), Expanded
Program of Immunization coverage (65% in urban and 35% in rural) []. Even though there is an
incredible improvement in health since 1950, there are still lots of challenges that have to be
solved. Over 7.5 million children under the age of 5 die from malnutrition and other preventable
diseases. 164,000 children (>5) died from measles in 2008.Malaria causes some 225 million
acute illnesses and over 780000 deaths annually and Tuberculosis kills 1.7 million people each
year, with 9.4 million new cases a year [6].
As a result of carrying out the community diagnosis, we acquire knowledge, skills and attitudes
necessary for working in different communities, learned from real-life situations, applied our
Epidemiology, Biostatistics, Research methodology and other health sciences’ knowledge,
gained necessary skills for our future work as health professionals, as well as learned a more
comprehensive approach to the main health problems encountered in the community
1.2 Statement of the problem
Health and health related problems are worsening in the world. These problems are more
rampant in developing nations as compared to those in the developed world, Ethiopia as being
one of the countries in the developing nations, have been encountering much of their burdens
which aggravated the health problem. Those problems could have been minimized by good
health services management and strong political commitment as well as community participation
[7]. According to WHO survey 80% of all illness in developing countries is water and
environmental condition associated [8].
There are 884 million people without access to a safe water supply and 1100 million people do
not have access to latrines, 4 billion cases of diarrhea occur every year, Globally[8]. Child deaths
are concentrated in developing countries and in the first month of life and still need more rapid
progress to meet the 2015 targets of reduction by two-third. Nearly 50 million babies worldwide
are delivered without skilled care. Worldwide, only 9 in 10 women of reproductive age who are
married or in union and using contraceptive rely on modern method [9].
Every year 287,000 women die of complications during pregnancy or childbirth. There is about
800 maternal deaths per single day or 1 maternal death per 2 minutes. Developing countries
account for 99% (284000) of the global maternal deaths, in sub-Saharan Africa (162000) and
Southern Asia (83000) [9].
Africa had made a good progress in reducing child and maternal mortality in recent years.
Under- five mortality rate reduced from 146 deaths per 1,000 live births in 1990, to 91 deaths per
1000 in 2011.This implies 47% (1990-2011) reduction of under-five mortality in the continent.
Maternal death reduced from 745 deaths per 100,000 live births to 429 deaths per 100,000 live
births in 2010. Generally, maternal mortality fails 42% (1990-2010). But so far too many
children and pregnant women die each year from preventable diseases [9].
In Ethiopia 35% of house-holds get drinking water from unimproved source in average it is from
3% in urban and 43% in rural. More than half of rural house-holds (53%) travel greater than or
equal to 30 minutes round the trip to fetch the drinking water [10]. The current growth and
transformation plan “GTP-II” clearly articulates, based on new water supply standard, to reach
85% from current 59% in rural areas and 75% from current 58% in urban areas by 2020[11].
According to EDHS 2016 in Ethiopia the contraceptive prevalence rate for currently married
women age 15-49 in Ethiopia is 36% and 58% in sexually active unmarried women. Total
fertility rate 4.6 children per woman. 38 % of women who gave birth were not received antenatal
care for their last birth. Deliveries assisted by skilled HP 28%. 49 % of women received
sufficient doses of tetanus toxoid to protect their last birth against neonatal tetanus.39 % of
children aged from 12 to 23 months have received all basic vaccinations. 16% of children in this
age group have not received any vaccinations [6].
About four in every ten Ethiopian women (41 %) did not receive any antenatal care for their last
birth in the five years preceding the survey. This represents a marked decline from fifteen years
ago when almost three in four (73%) pregnant women did not receive any antenatal care [13].
Sixteen percent of births in Ethiopia are delivered at a health facility 15 percent in a public
facility and 1 percent in a private facility [9].
The disease burden responsible for 74% of deaths and 81% of disability adjusted years lost per
year is dominated by malaria, prenatal and maternal death, URTI, Nutritional deficiency
(malnutrition), diarrheal and HIV/AIDS [12]. Based on single point estimate there are nearly 1.2
million people living with HIV/AIDS in Ethiopia [12]. The adult prevalence rate is estimated at
2.4 % and incidence rate is 0.29% 3rd in Africa and 8th among the highest TB burdened countries
in the world [12].
As stated above, there are wide ranges of health and health related problem around the globe
including our country. So, the overall effort of this program as a means to identify health and
health related problems, design and implement appropriate interventions based on the findings of
community diagnosis. As a result, we TTP teams assigned in Jajura are developed this project
proposal to make community diagnosis and identify community problems in Jajura town and
design strategies, take actions which will intervene the situations in the near future.
1.3 Significance of the study
As most of health related problems in Ethiopia are preventable, community health assessment is
an important tool to identify health status, health related problems, and factors that could affect
the society’s health. The result of this survey can be used by governmental and non-
governmental institutions to solve the community health related problems.
This study will provide valuable information for the government organization, NGOs, the people
as a whole. It makes health sector bureaus and the community as a hole to focus on the listed
main problems. The study helps the community to participate in their own problem and initiating
the people in such a way that the community would be able to solve their problems and the
action plan proposed by this study may easy the intervention of the administrator.
The study would also help the students to increase team work sprit, tolerance, problem solving
ability and to make them familiar for the problem of the society for better solution. This study
therefore aims to identify the community health and health related problems at the research site
and design subsequent intervention strategies. The recommendations from this survey will also
be helpful for local health planners to consider during their planning. This survey will also
provide baseline information and directions for further research activities in the area.
2. LITERATURE REVIEW
2.1. Vital statistics
Community based cross sectional study done on Hulbareg health center catchment area showed
that Among 377 households the total number of deaths in the last 12 month is 13, so among
those 1 dead persons were from each 7 households, 2 were from each 3 households but no death
is present in 367 total households [13].
A Cross sectional study conducted in Masbira kebele, Lemo woreda, Hadiya zone by public
Health students showed that, Among 251 households 11.6% of them, had mothers who have
given birth to a child in the last 12 months. Out of these mothers 58.6% were between the age of
26&36 [14]. According to research finding from worabe health center catchment area Among
380 total households, Majority of households 58% were include family number of 6-10.Among
them majority or 57% were males and rest were females, in which most of them or 71.4% were
dead in case of disease [15].
According to 2016 EDHS data show a remarkable decline in all levels of childhood mortality.
Infant mortality has declined by 42 percent over the 15-year period preceding the survey from
101 deaths per 1,000 live births to 59 deaths per 1,000 live births. Furthermore, under-five
mortality has declined by 47 percent over the same period from 166 deaths per 1,000 live births
to 88 deaths per 1,000 live births. Even though not to the same extent, the neonatal mortality has
also decreased over the 15-year period preceding the survey by 31 percent from 54 deaths per
1,000 live births to 37 deaths per 1,000 live births [6].
The 2016 EDHS result shows infant and child mortality Rate of 48/1000 and 67/1000
respectively. Proper medical attention and hygienic conditions during delivery can reduce the
risk of complications and infections that can cause the death or serious illness of the mother
and/or the newborn baby [6]
2.2. Environmental Health Condition
2.2.1 Housing condition
A Cross sectional study conducted in South Africa, showed that concerning total housing needs
in Africa have been set at around four million units per year with over 60 percent of the demand
required to improve the living condition in existing slums, fifty five new slums dwellers have
been added to the global population, sub Saharan Africa has slum population of 199.5 million,
south Asia 190.7 million, east Asia 189.6 million, north Africa 11.8 million have been added
[18]. Community based cross sectional study done on Hulbareg health center catchment area
from May 01 – 03, 2018 showed that Majority of HHs housing condition 86.47% were not
attached to their neighbor’s house or fence. Among 377 households, majority 78.25% HHs had
separate kitchen while the rest 21.75% were not separated from the house [13].
According to community based cross sectional study done in Bodity health center catchment
area, SNNPR, Ethiopia about 5(8%) of houses have 1 class, 17.7% 0f houses have 2 classes,
59.4% houses have 3 classes, 20% houses have 4 classes and rest of our respondents’ houses
have 5 and more classes. Out of 271 households 79.7% are cement floor and the rest 20.3% are
soil floor. Majority of our study households have adequate ventilation 77.1%. Those households
with moderate ventilation are 20.3% and 2.6% having poor ventilation n out of 271 houses. Out
of 271 households 76.8% are clean, 18% are moderately clean and 5.2%) are poor in cleanness
[16].
Community based cross sectional survey conducted in urban population Keble 05 Debiremarkos
town and shows that, All the studied houses had a roof that was made of sheet. 94.6% of the
houses had smooth wall which is not cracked and scratched while the remaining 5.4% were
scratched. 83.3% of studied houses had floor made of soil, and the rest 17.4% is made from
cement. During visiting, 60.6% houses’ window was opened. Half of them have been opened
daily and the other 40.6% windows have remaining is rented. Most of the family members sleep
on bed and the rest sleep on floor (`medeb`) [17].
According to EDHS 2011 report the majority of Ethiopia people which means 70% of the
population have 1 room for sleeping, 25% of the household have 2 room and 5% of the
population got 3 or more for sleeping [19].
2.2.2 Water Supply
According to EDHS 2016, about two-thirds of households in Ethiopia (65%) obtain their
drinking water from an improved source. This is an improvement since the 2011 EDHS, when
54% of households obtained drinking water from an improved source. Use of improved drinking
water sources is more common among households in urban areas (97%) than among those in
rural areas (57%) [6]. A community based cross sectional study was done in woliyta zone
Ethiopia about 51% of population have access to safe water [6].
The most common source of drinking water in urban areas is water piped into the dwelling, yard,
or plot (63%), to a neighbor (12%) or to a public tap or standpipe (13%), resulting in about 9 in
10 urban households (88%) using piped water. In rural areas, the most common sources of
drinking water are public tap or standpipe (19%), a tube well or borehole (13%) and a protected
spring (14%) [21].
Overall, 20 percent of households in Ethiopia have water on their premises, 77% in urban areas
versus only 6% in rural areas. Forty-five percent of households spend 30 minutes or longer to
obtain their drinking water, 53% in rural areas, as compared with only 13 percent in urban
households. More than 9 in 10 households (91 percent) do not treat their drinking water; this is
more common in rural than in urban areas (92 percent versus 88 percent). The most commonly
used method of water treatment is adding bleach or chlorine (3 percent). Overall, 7 percent of
households use an appropriate treatment method [21].
2.2.3 Waste Disposal and sanitation
The Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey (EDHS) in 2014 showed that only 14% of the
urban population has access to improved sanitation facilities, which are capable of breaking feco-
oral routes of infection transmission. The same data source indicated that access to shared
sanitation was 33%. These data were not different from that indicated by EDHS 2011 [20].
According to 2016 EDHS Six percent of households in Ethiopia use an improved and not shared
toilet or latrine facility. Another 9% of households (35% in urban areas and 2 percent in rural
areas) use facilities that would be considered improved if they were not shared by two or more
households. Half of households in urban areas (50%) use an unimproved toilet facility, compared
with more than 9 in 10 (94%) of households in rural areas[21]. The most common type of toilet
facility in both urban and rural households is a pit latrine without a slab or open pit (41% in
urban areas and 55% in rural areas). Overall, 32% of households have no toilet facility at all;
they are almost exclusively rural, accounting for 39% of rural households. There has been an
improvement since the 2011 EDHS, when 45% of all households in rural areas did not have a
toilet facility [19].
According to research finding in lera health center catchment area among total of 393 households
4.6% HHs had no latrine, 95.4% had latrine and of which 96.5% is traditional pit latrine, 2% was
shared, were 98% owned by the family (private).Among the total of HHs 88% HHs had no
associated hand washing material after toilet, 78.4% had no cover over their toilet. Majority of
HHs 68% had poor toilet utilization and 92% were unclean [21].
Community based cross sectional study done on Hulbareg health center catchment area from
showed that majority 96.89% HHs were had pit type of latrine [13].
2.3 Maternal and Child health
2.3.1 Family planning
According to EDHS 2016, 36 percent of currently married women are using a method of family
planning: 35 percent are using a modern method, and 1 percent is using a traditional method.
Among currently married women, the most popular methods are injectable (23 percent), implants
(8 percent), IUD, and the pill (2 percent each). The contraceptive prevalence rate (CPR) among
married women increases with age, peaking at age 25-29 (41 percent) before declining steadily
to 19 percent among women age 45-49. Urban women are much more likely than their rural
counterparts to use any method of contraception (52 percent versus 33 percent)[21].
According to 2016 EDHS women in Ethiopia have an average of 4.6 children and fertility varies
by residence, women in urban areas have 2.3 children on average compared with 5.2 children in
rural areas. Knowledge of family planning methods in Ethiopia is nearly universal; 97% of all
women and 98% of all men age 15–49 know at least one modern method of family planning. The
most commonly known methods are injectable, male condoms, and the pill [21].
2.3.2 Antenatal care
The 2016 EDHS results showed that 62 percent of women who gave birth in the five years
preceding the survey received antenatal care from a skilled provider at least once for their last
birth. Three in 10 women (32 percent) had four or more ANC visits for their most recent live
birth. Urban women were more likely than rural women to have received ANC from a skilled
provider (90 percent and 58 percent, respectively) and to have had four or more ANC visits (63
percent and 27 percent, respectively) [21].
The 2016 EDHS results showed that 49 percent of women received sufficient doses of tetanus
toxoid to protect their last birth against neonatal tetanus. The percentage of women whose last
birth was protected from tetanus is higher in urban than rural areas (72 % versus 46%) [21].
2.3.3 Child Immunization
The 2016 EDHS results showed that sixty-nine percent of children have received the BCG, 73
percent the first dose of pentavalent, 81 percent the first dose of polio, 67 percent the first dose of
the pneumococcal vaccine, and 64 percent the first dose of rotavirus vaccine. Fifty-four percent
of children have received a measles vaccination. Coverage rates decline for subsequent doses,
with 53 percent of children receiving the recommended three doses of the pentavalent, 56
percent the three doses of polio, 49 percent the three doses of the pneumococcal vaccine, and 56
percent the two doses of the Rota [21]. The 2016 EDHS collected information on the coverage of
all of these vaccines among children born in the 3 years preceding the survey. It was founded
that full vaccination coverage is much higher in urban areas (65%) than rural areas (35%). Full
vaccination coverage is highest in Addis Ababa (89 percent) and lowest in Afar (15
percent).Vaccination coverage increases with mother’s education. About 3 in 10 (31 percent) of
children whose mothers have no education are fully vaccinated compared with more than 7 in 10
(72 percent) of children whose mothers have more than a secondary education. Similar patterns
are observed by household wealth. [21]
2.3.4 Institutional and non-institutional delivery
Community based cross sectional survey conducted in urban population Keble 05 Debiremarkos
town and shows that, Among 47 couples, 6.47% and 14.41% of them married in the age less than
18 and greater than 18 years respectively. Among couples, 25.54% of women gave birth in the
age of less than 18 years old while 48.94% of them gave birth between the age of 18-35 years
old. No abortion case (legal and illegal) was found in the last 12 month [17].
Community based cross sectional study done on Hulbareg health center catchment area from
May 01 – 03, 2018 showed that Majority of respondents 93.58% were know about family
planning, but among them 38.89% were ever utilized FP[13].
A Cross sectional study conducted in Masbira kebele, Lemo woreda, Hadiya zone by public
Health students showed that, 30.58% of the household women feed breast to their child and
among 88 children 88.5% have begun supplementary food. From 33 households those who feed
supplementary feeding to their children 84.8% feed fruit and vegetable to their children. From
their study households, 80% of breast feeding mothers expose their children to sun light. Among
20 male children of age 6 month-2 years, 40% are within MUAC value of11-11.9 [14].
3. Objectives
3.1 General Objective
To assess, prioritize and intervene on health and health related problems of Jajura health center
catchment community, Jajura town, Hadiya zone, Southwest, Ethiopia from July 13- July15
2023.
3.2 Specific objectives
 To identify health and health related problems of Jajura health center catchment community
 To prioritize health and health related problems of Jajura health center catchment
community.
 To intervene on health and health related problems of Jajura health center catchment
community
4. Methods and Materials
4.1 Study area and period
The study will be conducted in Jajura HC catchment area, Hadiya Zone southwest Ethiopia from
July13- July 15, 2023. Jajura town is located nearby to the localities of shenkola and gimbichu in
the Haddiya zone of the Southern Nations, Nationalities and peoples region. The climatic
condition of the town is Woyenadega and has a latitude7˚27’35”north and longitude of
37˚41’31”east and an elevation of 2169 meters above sea level. It is surrounded by Soro woreda.
It is 263km to southwest Addis Ababa. Based on the 2014 census conducted by the central
statistical agency (CSA) of Jajura administration Jajura has a total population of 53,776. The
town has a total kebele of 6 named as Jajura town, 1st Jajura, 2nd Jajura, sandusa, Bure,
Bamboo. Jajura town the total population is and 1 st Jajura having a total population of 6941, 2nd
Jajura having total population of 5128. The major inhabitants of the town are Haddiya ethnic, &
most of them are protestant & Orthodox religion followers. The official language is hadiyissa.
The town has a total of 1 preparatory and 1 high school, elementary 5 (governmental), 2 health
center (1 Non-governmental). The community is known by their cultural foods like injera, kocho,
and bread.
4.2 Study design
Community based cross sectional study design will be conducted to assess health and health
related problems in Jajura town health center catchment area.
4.3 Population
4.3.1 Source population
All households in Jajura town health center catchment area.
4.3 2. Study Population
All selected households
4.3.3 Study unit
Individually selected HH
4.4 Eligibility criteria
4.4.1 Inclusion criteria
 An individual who lives at least six months in study area.
 Selected household whose age is greater than 18 years.
4.4.2 Exclusion criteria
 House hold who refuse to participate
 Forlorn house
 The House where on mourning
4.5 SAMPLE SIZE DETERMINATION
The sample size will be determined by using a formula for estimating a single population
proportion assuming confidence level of 95%, 5% marginal error with proportion of 73.9%
(proportion of modern contraceptive users among family planning users in hosanna town
southern Ethiopia)[22] and 5% allowance for non-respondent rate.
Where,
P =73.9%
d=marginal error of 5%=0.05.
Z=confidence interval of 95% and Zα/2 is the value of the standard normal distribution
corresponding to a significance level of alpha (α) 0.05, which is 1.96.
n=the required sample size
n= (Zα/2)2*pq , q=1-p
d2
n= (1.96)2 0.739(1-0.739)
0.0025
n=296
Add non respondent rate of 5%
nf =296+5% then the final sample size is 310.8 ~ 311
4.6 SAMPLING METHOD AND PROCEDURE
The sampling method will be systematic random sampling. Jajura health center catchment
consists of 6 kebele and among those 2 kebele will be selected randomly by lottery method for
the study. Households will be selected by using systematic random sampling method (each kth).
The household is selected by determining the Kth interval Kth=N/n, the first household will be
selected by using lottery method from 1-K.
K-value = 2660/311 = 8.5 ~ 9, in selected 2 kebele the house hold by every 9. The first house
from 1-9 is selected by lottery method, and then every 9 houses will be selected until the
intended sample size is fulfilled.
4.7. Study variables
Health and health related problems
Socio demographic factors:-
Age
Sex
Religion
Ethnicity
Educational status
Occupation
Income
Maternal (obstetric) and child health characteristics: -
Frequency of ANC visits
Place of delivery
Health service utilization
Environmental health factors:
Availability of latrine
Hand washing facility
Housing conditions
Vital statistics:
Birth
Mortality
Morbidity
Migration
4.8. Operational definition
Skilled birth attendant: Birth attendants who attend birth in the health institution with scientific
skill and knowledge.
Health status: The health condition of the community, assessed on morbidity, mortality,
disability and utilization of health services.
Head of house hold: is a person with either sex, who is considered to be the head by other
member of that house hold, for polygamous wife living in separate house hold, the house hold is
considered to be head only.
House hold : a single person living alone or a group voluntarily living together having common
house keeping a managements for supplying basic living need such as principal meals.
Maternal and Child Health: Include those who are aged 15-49 year women and those under
five years’ old children.
Still birth: delivery of dead fetus after 28 weeks or after reaching viability
Cleanness:
Bad- animal and human living in the same house
-floor and walls not clean
-poor arrangement of materials in the house
Fair- animal and human do not live in the same house
-clean floor
-wall is not clean
-poor arrangement of material
Good- clean floor and clean wall
-animal and human do not live in the same house
-good arrangement of material
Standard housing: the house constructed and planned, comfortable safe to live and full fill the
basic hosing facilities.
Diarrhea: is a condition characterized by loose and frequent blow movements. The stool usually
watery and soft, and may contain mucus, pus, or blood. Three or more loose water or blood stool
in 24hours period.
Illumination;
Bad: a person cannot read words written by pencil inside the house
Fair: a person can read words written by pencil with some limitation when setting in the middle
of the house.
Good: aspersion can read and write without any difficult when setting in the middle of the house
Fully immunized child: children who had taken all vaccine from BCG to measles and who had
vaccination certificate.
Not immunized child: a child who have not taken vaccine at all.
Partially immunized child: a child who have taken all vaccine from BCG to measles and who
had not vaccination certificate.
Fully Immunized mothers: mother those who have taken all dose of TT vaccine from TT1 to
TT5.
Partially Immunized mothers: mothers those who have taken some units of vaccine but not all
Traditional pit latrine: has constructed house and has clean floor, the hole has slab cover.
VIP latrine: is a type of latrine which has ventilation pipe and water supply.
Treated water: we say a given house hold use treated water when they use waghari, chlorine
and other after they take from original source such as from well or spring.
Trained traditional birth attendant (TTBA): birth attendants who assist delivery without any
scientific knowledge but it trained about the basic skill of delivery.
Traditional birth attendant (TBA): birth attendants who assist delivery without any scientific
knowledge and any training about the basic skill of delivery but with experience.
Traditional treatment: a treatment without prescription or appropriate dose, herbal remedies.
Adequate water supply: refers 20litres per capita per day made available within range of 1-2km
from building.
4.9. Data collection instrument and quality control
Data will be collected using structured interviewer questionnaire by ODK data collector and
observational based. Data will be collected by group members after having common
understanding on the questionnaire. To ensure quality of data, all data collected from
respondents will be checked for completeness, clarity and consistency. Any misunderstanding or
ambiguity will be solved before data analysis by data editing and checking, during data
collection by supervision and feedback giving will be cleared. We will mark the Households
with chalk/marker after interviewing. Strict supervision will be done by Group leaders and site
supervisor.
4.10. Data processing and analysis plan
The data will be cleaned for inconsistencies and missing values and coded and entered in to
ODK data collector app for analysis. Finally, the finding will be presented in proportion,
frequencies and percentage in tables for categorical variables. Charts like pie chart, bar chart will
be used to summarize categorical variables and histogram will be used for continuous covariates.
4.11. Ethical consideration
The study will be conducted after obtaining formal letter from WCU. Permission will be
obtained from Jajura town administrative and Health centre officials. Verbal consent will be also
obtained from the respondents after through explanation of the purpose of the study. Data is kept
to be confidential and culture, norms and life style of the society will be respected throughout the
study process.
4.12. Dissemination of results
The finding of the study will be disseminated through presentation and finally written documents
will be submitted to WCU, college medicine and health sciences, Jajura town administration
health office and concerned bodies to design coordinated interventions.
4.13 Work plan
Table 1: work plan for TTP training for Jajura team of wcu medicine and health sciences
students Jajura, hadiya,SNNPR,Ethiopia from July 1-august 15,2023
Numbe Types of activities Responsib March Remar
rs of le person Wee Wee Wee Wee Wee Wee k
activiti k1 k2 k3 k4 k k
es 5 6
1 Orientation
Trip to placed Resident
facility supervisor
s and
CBE
room
2 Situational analysis Group
Action plan members
development and
rehearsal
Situational analysis
result and plan
presentation to
resident supervisors
and college
supervisors
Daily, weekly
fortnight progress
report to resident
supervisors
3 Frist fortnight Group
progress report to members
college supervisors
4 Final report to
resident supervisor
Written exam and Group
Presentation/Sympos members
ium
Grade submission
4.14 Budget plan
Table 2: Budget plan for TTP training for Jajura team of wcu medicine and health sciences
students jajura,hadiya,SNNPR,Ethiopia from July 1-august 15,2023
No Type Unit Quantity Unit Total
price(birr) cost(birr)
1 A4 size paper Box 1 700 700
2 Calculator Pcs 1 400 400
3 Pen Pcs 23 25 575
4 Ruler Pcs 12 20 240
5 Pencil Pcs 12 10 120
6 Sharpener Pcs 12 10 120
7 Rubber Pcs 5 5 25
8 Stapler Pcs 1 250 250
9 Binder Pcs 12 50 600
11 Face mask Box 2 100 200
12 Hand Liter 2 120 240
sanitizer
13 Marker Pcs 12 25 300
5. RESULT
5.1 Socio-demographic characteristics
In this study, 290 households were successfully interviewed making Response rate
100%.from our respondents (41.72%) were mothers. Most of the respondents, 157
(54.1%) were females and 46.2% of the respondents were males. Majority of the
respondents (72.1%) were protestant religion followers. Among the interviewed
respondents, 67 (23%) were housewives.and 18.275% could not read and write.
Variables Frequency %
Relationship of respondents Head 114 37.5
Spouse 124 40.79
Son or Daughter 55 18.1
Other relative 11 3.61
Total 304 100
Sex of respondents Male 140 46.1
Female 164 53.9
Total 304 100
Ethnicity Hadiya 275 90.5
Kembata 9 2.96
Silte 6 1.94
Gurage 7 2.3
Others 7 2.3
Total 304 100
Religion of respondents Protestant 213 70.1
Muslim 11 3.6
Orthodox 62 20.4
Catholic 18 5.9
Others 0 0
Total 304 100
Gov’t employee 60 19.74
Occupation Student 47 15.46
Merchant 56 18.42
Unemployed 12 3.95
Tella seller 5 1.64
Housewive 69 22.7
Wood carver carpenter 3 0.98
Other 8 2.63
Total 304 100
Educational status of Cannot read and write 58 19.1
respondents Read only 10 3.3
read and write 131 43.1
Primary school 50 16.45
Secondary school and above 55 18.1
Total 304 100
Marital status of respondent Single 72 23.68
Married 219 72
Separated 10 3.29
Divorced 2 0.66
Widowed 0 0
Total 304 100
Options Frequency Percentage Remark
Means of Radio set Yes 221 72.7%
communication No 83 27.3%
Total 304 100%
Tv set Yes 222 73%
No 82 27%
Total 304 100%%
Telephone/ Yes 286 94.1%
cell No 18 5.9%
phone/land Total 304 100%
line
If you want to Yes 59 19.4%
read do you No 245 80.6%
get Total 304 100%
newspapers
Do you have Yes 0 0
access to No 304 100%
postal service Total 304 100%
5.2Means of communication
From 290 HHs,(73.11%) has radio sets and 26.89% hasn’t radio set , 74.14% has TV set and 25.86%
hasn’t TV set .From 290 HHs of our respondents 3.79% hasn’t telephone lines. From 290 HHs of our
respondents 100% of it hasn’t postal access/service. From 290HHs of our respondents 17.9% wants to
read newspaper.
5.4 Vital statics
Out of 86 total delivery in 12 months there are 7(8%) children are delivered in home and 79(92%) in
health facilities
Table: Birth status among households of Soro woreda, Hadiya zone, Southern Ethiopia, July
2023.
characteristics Option frequency percent Remark
Was there any Yes 86 28.3
birth in the
No 218 71.7
last 12
Total 304 100
months in the
family?
Age of 20-25 11 13
mother 26-30 42 50
31-35 24 27
36-40 9 10
above 40 0 0
Total 86 100
Attendant of TBA 5 5.8
delivery Professional 81 94.2
Total 86 100
Status of birth Live birth 82 95.3
Still birth 4 4.7
Total 86 100
Sex of new Male 49 57
born Female 37 43
Total 86 100
Place of Home 7 8
delivery
Health 79 92
facility
Total 86 100
5.5 Morbidity
From 290 HHs 24.48% were presented with illness during the last two weeks and 75.52% were
presented without illness.from 24.48% who presented with illnesses 61.97% of them were male and
38.03% of them were female.also from who presented with illness greater amount of them were found
in 0-20 years which presented as 52.1%.they presented with cough,fever and
diarrhea ,10%,6.56%,6.2% respectively
Characteristics Option frequency percent Remark
Was anyone Yes 71 23.4%
sick among 5.6 Mortality
the members From 290HHs of our
respondents 8.27 % were
of family
died in last 12 months
No 233 76.6%
during the last from they
two weeks 54.16%,45.83% wre male
and female respectively
Total 304 100%
from the died peoples
Sex of sick Male 44 61.97% 58.3% of them are
person Female 27 38.03% greater than 60 years this
shows majority of them
Total 71 100%
were died because of
Age of sick 0_20 37 52.1% aging.
person 21_40 26 36.62%
Characteristics Option Frequency percent Remark
41_60 6 8.45%
Was there any Yes 24 7.9
>60 2 2.83%
death in last
Total 71 100% No 280 92.1
12 months in
Ailments of Fever 23 7.6% Total 304 100%
the family
sickness Diarrhea 21 6.9%
Sex of dead Male 13 54.16
Cough 34 11.2%
Female 11 45.83
Other 7 2.3%
Total 24 100%
NA 219 72%
Age of dead 0-30 5 20.83
Total 304 100%
31-60 5 20.83
Days lost from 0 21 23.98%
usual activity due
61-90 14 58.3
1_5 50 64.79%
to illness Total 24 100%
Total 71 100%
5.7 Migration
From 290 HHs of respondents 27.5% of them were migrated from this town.from them 71.25 of them
are males 28.75% were female
Characteristics Option Frequency percent Remark
Migration Yes 80 26.3
No 224 73.7
Total 304 100
sex of migrant Male 57 71.25
Female 23 28.75
Total 80 100
5.8 Environmental health survey
characteristics Option Frequency Percentage Remark

Ventilation of Good 209 68.75%
the house Fair 85 27.96%
Bad 10 3.29%
Total 304 100%
Illumination Good 191 62.8%
Fair 104 34.2%
Bad 9 3%
Total 304 100%
Ned of Good 233 76.6%
maintenance Fair 62 20.4%
Bad 9 2%
Total 304 100%
5.9 WASTE DISPOSAL

In jajura town highly residential/domestic waste approximately 93.1%% of the (290) house hold have a
domestic waste and 74.1% of the (290) house hold doesn’t have schedule to collect the waste. The
majority of the population uses the Pit type of latrine facility (98.95%). even if there is adequate spaces
for construction of latrine ,around 66.7% not affordable.
Table _: Waste disposal system in Jajura town, Soro woreda, Hadiya Zone, in 2023
Charcteristics Option Frequency Percent

What is the Residential/domestic/household 284 93.4%
source of waste in Commercial 19 6.3%
your community
Industrial 0% 0%
Other 1 0.3%
Total 304 100
Is there any Yes 79 26%
scheduled No 225 74%
program to collect Total 304 100%
the waste
Sanitary land field 145 47.7%
Dumping in the river 1 0.3%
Open dumping 99 32.6%
Burning 56 18.4%
Composting 2 0.7%
Other 1 0.3%
Total 304 100%
Do you have Yes 214 70.4%
latrine No 100 29.6%
Total 304 100%
If pit how far is it <5m 2 0.95%
from the house 5-10m 73 34.6%
11-15m 80 37.9%
>15 56 26.55%
Total 211 100%
Type of latrine Pit latrine 211 98.6%

VIP latrine 3 1.4%
Flush 0 0%
Other 0 0%
Total 214 100%
Status of Owned by the family 201 93.9%
ownership of
excreta disposal
Shared or communal 13 6.1%
Other 0 0%
Total 214 100%
If there is no Yes 64 64%
latrine is there
adequate space
for construction
of new one
No 36 36%
Total 100 100%
Is latrine Yes 26 40.6%

construction No 38 59.4%
affordable for the Total 64 100%
family
What is the waste Closed 208 97.2%
disposal system of Drained to pipes and then to river 6 2.8%
your latrine Clearing the septic tank 0% 0%
NA 0% 0%
TOTAL 214 100%
5.10 Water supply

From 290 HHs 252(86.896%) uses tap water, 36(12.41%) uses well, 1(0.344%) uses stream and
1(0.344%) uses other. From those who uses well 13(36.11%) are protected, 23(63.89%) are not
protected, 26(72.22%) distance from the toilet is less than 50 meter and 10(3.45%) are downhill from
the toilet. From total of 290 HHs 130(44.83%) employ method of water purification and 160(55.17%) not
employ any method of water purification. From those who employ method of water purification
59(45.38%) uses boiling method, 7(5.38%) uses traditional filtration method, 12(9.23%) uses standard
filtration method and 52(40%) uses chemical treatment method. From total 290 HHs 111(38.27%) HHs
consumed less than 30 liters per day.
Table: Source of water supply in jajura town households in Soro woreda. Hadiya zone, Southern Ethiopia
July 2023. See
Characterstics Options frequncy Percent Remark
What is the Tap 197 64.8
Source of
water supply Well 98 32.2
Stream/river 0 0
Spring 8 2.6
Other 1 0.4
Total 304 100
If you use well Yes 43 43.9
is it protected? No 55 56.1
Total 98 100
What is 0 - 50 70 71.4
distance from 51 - 100 19 19.4
toilet (in
101 - 150 9 9.2
meters)
Total 98 100
Is downhill Yes 53 54.1
from the toilet No 45 45.9
Total 98 100
Do you Yes 75 76.5
employ any No 23 23.5
method of Total 98 100
water
purification
If yes which of Boiling 35 46.7
the following Traditional 15 20
filtration
Standard 10 13.3
filtration
Chemical 15 20
treatment
Other 0 0
Total 75 100
How much is 0 - 30 115 37.8
your daily 31 - 60 127 41.8
consumption
61 - 90 49 16.1
of water in
91 - 120 13 4.3
liters
Total 304 100
5.11 Maternal nutrition

Table: maternal nutrition from jajura, hadiya, SNNPR,Ethiopia July,2023
Variables Response Frequency Percentage
If pregnant how many times do you feed in a day? Once 1 0.36%
Twice 8 2.75%
Three times 21 7.25%
Four times 20 6.89%
NA 240 82.75%
Total 290 100%
Do you get diary food? Yes 64 22.06%
No 22 7.58%
NA 204 70.34%
Total 290 100%
Do you get fatty and protein foods ? Yes 69 23.80%
No 19 6.55%
NA 202 69.65%
Total 290 100%
What is your staple food ? Injera 134 46.2%
Bread 6 2.1%
Vegetables and fruits 4 1.37%
Inset 3 1.03%
Others 0 0
NA 143 49.3%
Total 290 100%
5.12 Child nutrition

Among the total 290 HHs,144 child were found and out of this 115(39.65%) child expose to sunlignt.and
115 (39.66%)child currently present on breast feeding, and 44(38.29)child who keep on breast feed for
11_20month. 105 child start complementary feeding and out of this 22(21.15%) child start with in 2_5
months of age. And 65 (62.50%) child starts with milk cereal and legumes combine. And 44(42.31%)
child feed four time and above per a day and 62(59.61%) controlled feeding style.
Table: Less than 2 yrs., child nutrition in jajura kebele, in Soro woreda, Haddiya zone, southern
Ethiopia ,July 2023.
characteristics Options Frequency Percenta

ge
Have you Yes 115 39.65
exposed this No 29 10
child to
NA 146 50.34
sunlight Total 290 100
Do you ever Yes 127 43.79
breast fed your No 19 6.55
child? NA 144 49.66
Total 290 100
Are you Yes 115 39.66
currently No 29 10
breasted NA 146 50.34
feeding? Total 290 100
For how long
the child breast 1-10 42 36.51
fed? In month 11-20 44 38.29
21-30 29 25.22
Total 115 100
When did you

start giving 2-5 22 21.15
complementary 6-8 82 78.85
foods to your
child in Total 104 100
months?
What Food made of 7 6.73
combination of cereals only
food do you use Food made of 22 21.15
to feed your cereals and
child legumes
combined
Milk alone 10 9.62
Milk cereals and 65 62.50
legumes
combined
NA
Total 104 100
How many Once 2 1.92
times did your Twice 23 22.12
baby ? Three times 35 33.65
Four times and 44 42.31
above
Total 104 100
What feeding Laissez faire 34 32.69

style do you Controlling 62 59.61
use Responsive 8 7.69
complementary NA
food? Total 104 100
5.13 Child immunization

From total 290 households), 57 had under 2yrs old children, out of this 56(19.31%) children had
vaccinated and 56(19.31%) had vaccination card. Out of vaccinated children fifty two of them
got BCG and polio virus vaccine, forty nine of them got Penta virus vaccine, 48 of them got
Measles 1 vaccine and Vitamin A, 24 of them got Measles 2 vaccine and 20 of them got De-
worming. Among those 20 children completed all dose and have vaccination certificate.
Child vaccination in Jajura kebele, Soro woreda, Hadiya zone, Southern Ethiopia July 2023.see
table
Characteristics Option Frequency Percent
Do you have Yes 64 21.1%

two years old No 124 40.8%
child? NA 116 38.1%
Total 304 100%
Is this child Yes 62 96.9%
vaccinated? No 2 3.1%
Total 64 100%
Do you have Yes 62 100%
vaccination No 0 0%
card? Total 62 100%
Do you receive Yes 56 6.9%
vaccination No 6 12.41%
certificate ?
Total 62 100%
Vaccine list BCG 52 92.9

Polio 0 52 92.9
Polio 1 52 92.9
Polio 2 52 92.9
Polio 3 52 92.9
DPT-HepB- 49 87.5
Hib1,pcv1,OPV1
DPT-HepB- 49 87.5
Hib2,pcv2,OPV2
DPT-HepB- 49 87.5
Hib3,pcv3,OPV3
Measles 1 48 85.7
Measles 2 24 42.9
Deworming 20 35.7
Vitamin A 48 85.7
5.14 Antenatal care

From 50 pregnant women who visited ANC were 49(98%) and the remaining women had not
ever visited ANC 1(2%). Out of one those not followed up ANC 1(50%)woman was not
followed due to lack of awareness.
Table: Antenatal care among households of Soro woreda, Hadiya zone, Southern Ethiopia, July
2023.
characteristics Frequency Percentage Remark

Is pregnant Yes 50 17.24
mother in the No 240 82.76
family
Total 290 100
If yes term of 1st 8 16
pregnancy 2nd 24 48
3rd 18 36
Total 50 100
Did she visit Yes 49 98
the health No 1 2
facility for Total 50 100
ANC service?
If yes how 1 9 18.11
many times did 2 8 16.33
3 17 34.69
4 3 6.12
5 6 12.24
6 3 6.12
she vist the
7 0 0
health facility
8 3 6.12
for ANC
Total 49 100
service ?
Are tested for Yes 47 95.92
HIV/AIDS No 2 4.08
during visit the Total 49 100
health facility
for ANC?
Do you know Yes 47 95.92
your HIV
status?
No 2 4.08
Total 49 100
Did you Yes 40 81.63
receive tetanus
toxoid
vaccination
during your
ANC visit
No 9 18.37
Total 49 100
If how many T1 26 65
doses did you T2 5 12.5
T3 5 12.5
T4 3 7.5
receive tetanus T5 1 2.5
toxoid Total 40 100
vaccination?
5.15Family planning
Table: family planning of application in jajura, Hadiya, SNNPR, Ethiopia, July, 2023.
Variables Response Frequency Percentage

Do you know about contraceptive Yes 257 84.5%
No 47 15.5%
Total 304 100%
Yes 210 81.7%
Do you know contraceptive method No 47 18.3%
Total 257 100%
If yes which type do you know? Oral pills 205 97.6%
Condom 165 78.57%
Injectable 191 91%
Norplant 176 83.8%
IUCD 55 26.2%
Surgical 10 4.76%
Other 4 1.9%
Yes 50 23.8%
Do you currently use any contraceptive No 160 76.2%
method?
Total 210 100%
If yes which method are you using? Pill 9 18%
Condom 1 2%
Injectable 30 60%
Norplant 10 20%
IUCD 0 0
Surgical 0 0
Other 0 0
Total 50 100%
5.16 General information

Among 290 household urban 66.9%and rural is 33.1%
Among 290 households distance from health post is 55.2%
Among 290 households distance from health center is 39%
Characteristics Option Frequency Percentage Remark

Status of the Urban 201 66.1%
kebele Rural 103 33.9%
Total 304 100%
Description of Hilly 14 4.6%
physical Plain 280 92.1%
features Swampy 4 1.3%
Forested 6 2%
Other 0 0%
Total 304 100%
Distance from 0-500 165 54.3%
the nearest 501-1000 79 26%
health post in 1001-1500 27 8.9%
meter 1500-2000 23 7.9%
>2000 9 2.9 %
Total 304 100%
Distance from 0-500 79 26%
the nearest 501-1000 118 38.8%
health center in 1001-1500 51 16.8%
meter 1501-2000 56 18.4%
>2000 0 0
Total 304 100%
Prioritizing criteria
1. Magnitude
5= It covers very high percentage of the identified problems
4= It covers high percentage of the identified problems.
3= It covers medium percentage of the identified problem.
2= It covers low percentage identified problem.
1=It covers very low percentage of the identified problem.
2. Severity
5= Very high consequent suffering and disability from the identified problem
4= High consequent suffering and disability from the identified problem.
3. Moderate consequent suffering and disability from the identified problem.
2= Low consequent suffering and disability from the identified problem.
1= Very low consequent suffering and disability from the identified problem.
3. Feasibility
5= highly feasible considering available resource
4= more feasible considering available resource.

3= feasible considering available resource.
2=Less feasible considering available resource.
1= Not feasible considering available resource.
4. Sustainability
5=Very high in terms of resources and organizational capacity from the identified problem.
4=High in terms of resource and organizational capacity from the identified problem.
3=Moderate in terms of resource and organizational capacity from the identified problem.
2= Low in terms of resource and organizational capacity from the identified problem.
1= Very low in terms of resource and organizational capacity from the identified problem.
5. Community Concern
5= Very high in terms of political and social acceptability with consideration of equity from the identified
problem.
4= High in terms of political and social acceptability with consideration of equity from the identified
problem.
3= Moderate in terms of political and social acceptability with consideration of equity from the
identified problem.
2= Low in terms of political and social acceptability with consideration of equity from the identified
problem.
1= Very low in terms of political and social acceptability with consideration of equity from the identified
problem.
6. Government concern
5= Very high involvement of government is required.
4= High involvement of government is required
3= Moderate involvement of government is required.
2= Low involvement of government is required.
1= Very low involvement of government is required

Prioritization of problem
Table 15: Prioritized problems in kebele in 2022
List of problems to be magnitud severity Feasibility Community Government Total Rank

prioritized e concern concern
Lack of getting near 5 4 3 5 4 21 1

water supply
Unclean latrine 3 3 3 2 3 14 7
Rodent infestation 2 2 4 1 2 11 10
Less usage of 3 3 3 2 4 15 6
contraceptive
Poor child nutrition 4 4 4 3 4 19 2
Low ANC 3 4 3 4 4 18 3
Low educational 4 4 4 2 3 17 4
status
Low water purification 3 3 2 2 2 12 9
Not having 4 2 3 1 3 13 8
vaccination card
Unawareness of their 4 3 3 2 4 16 5
HIV Status
6.4 Prioritized Problem
 Poor water supply
 Poor child nutrition
 Poor ANC follow up
 Unclean latrines
 Lack of information about their HIV status

7.Situational Analysis of Jajura Health Centre
WHO defines a health-specific situation analysis as an assessment of the current health situation
that is fundamental to designing and updating national and local policies, strategies and plans
[15]. The World Bank proposes the term evidence on health system inputs, processes, and
outputs and the analysis of how these combines to produce the outcomes. It considers politics,
history, and institutional arrangements. Health systems analysis proposes causes of poor health
system performance and suggests how reform policies and strengthening strategies can improve
performance [2]. Community need assessment will be conducted in Jajura health center
catchment area and Problems will be identified and prioritized. Prior to developing action plan
for prioritized problems, situational analysis was done by the group members as follow.
7.1 BACKGROUND OF THE JAJURA HEALTH CENTER
Jajura Health center is found in 2004 E.C at the border of Jajura town.Jajura health centre has 6
kebele under its catchment. Total number of population using health center are 53,776 organized
in 2660 households. The medical staffs of Jajura health center are; 2 Medical Doctor, 5 Public
health officers, 0 BSC nurse and 8 Clinical nurses, 5 Midwifery, 4 laboratory technicians, 4
pharmacist, 0 Environmental health ,2 HIT and 11 health extension workers. The administrative
and supportive staffs of Jajura health center are 1 head of the health centre, 1 human resource
officer, 1 purchaser, 1auditor, 1 cashier, 4 daily cash collector, 2 guards, 1 runners and 2
cleaners.
7.2. Main services provided in the Jajura health center
 Outpatient treatment services
 Emergency treatment services
 ANC, delivery & PNC services
 Vaccination services(EPI)
 Laboratory services
 ART
 TB services
 Pharmacy services
7.3 Key activities of the Departments
7.3.1 Adult OPDs
It is organized and concerned with serving clients of age greater than 5years old. This OPD
provides medical service for all patients those presenting with different health problems, in
addition they provide medical certificate for medico legal and other cases when requested
formally.
Table3:The most common disease that diagnosed in adult OPD from july 1-augst
15,Jajura,hadiya,SNNPR,Ethiopia,2023
No Disease Frequency
1 AFI(Acute febrile illness) 169
2 Typhoid fever 150
3 Typhus 109
4 Pneumonia 101
5 IP(Intestinal parasite ) 83
6 Diarrhea 73
7 AURTI 52
8 Skin infection 38
9 UTI 27
10 MSSD 28
Identified problems:
 Inadequate equipment’s
 Not performing PICT for all eligible patients
7.3.2 Under 5 OPD
They provide the service for < 5ys of age clients. The services being provided are treating
different medical problems, screening children for malnutrition and management of MAM and
uncomplicated SAM and complicated SAM.
Table 4: The most common disease that diagnosed in under 5 OPD from July 1-augst 15, Jajura,
Hadiya, SNNPR, Ethiopia, 2023
NO DISEASE Frequency
1 Pneumonia 180
2 Diarrhea (Non-bloody) 131
3 SAM 37
4 Skin infection 28
5 AFI 23
 Inadequacy of equipment’s
 Unfriendly environment for children
7.3.3 Emergency OPD
It provides Emergency medical and surgical services and administers parenteral drugs for
patients referred from OPDs and other health posts.
 Inadequacy of equipment’s
7.3.4 MCH activities
The Health center Provides ANC service, Family planning services, Delivery service and EPI
activities. Also, they Receives referrals for health posts and do further referral to other health
institution.
 Delayed initiation of vaccination
7.3.5 Laboratory services

Laboratory technicians provides confirmatory laboratory for outpatient departments. Currently,
they are providing U/A, BF, HBsAg, HCG, stool H.Pylori Ag, Stool Examination, AFB, Hgbtest,
HCV, HCV, WT, WF, PICT, VDRL, Blood group and etc.
Table 5: The most common laboratory tests done from July 1-augst 15, Jajura, Hadiya, SNNPR,
Ethiopia, 2023
No Test Frequency
1 U/A 126
2 BF 126
3 HBsAg 150
4 HCG 200
5 Stool H.Pylori Ag 26
6 Stool Examination 126
7 AFB 6
8 Hgbtest 150
9 HCV 150
10 WT 200
11 WF 200
12 PICT 150
13 Blood group 100
14 VDRL 20
 Shortage of reagents
7.3.6 Pharmacy services
It has pharmacy technician who Stores and dispenses drugs. They also Advises patients on how
to take drugs.
Shortage of drugs
7.3.7 Antiretroviral therapy (ART) clinic
They Shares druggist with pharmacy and initiates ART drugs for ART users and refills these
drugs.
Shortage of trained man power
Table 6: Action plan for static activities at Jajura health center by WCU graduating Health
Science students, 2023
S. Case team Activities Total 1st 2 wks. 2nd 2 wks. Total
N Plan plan Ach’t Plan Ach’t Ach’t
O No. % No % No %
.
1 OPD Adult 300 150 150
OPD <5 140 70 70
2 FP Short acting 10 5 5
FP(injectable)
long acting 4 2 2
FP(like
implanon )
3 ANC 1ST visit 20 10 10
2nd 10 5 5
3rd 10 5 5
4th visit 16 8 8
4 Delivery Delivery 20 10 10
5 Emergency Emergency 32 16 16
6 EPI BCG & OPV0 20 10 10

OPV 18 9 9
1,Penta1,Pcv1,
Rota1
Opv2,Pcv2, 16 8 8
Penta2,Rota2
Penta3,PCV3, 14 7 7
OPV3
Measles 9mo 14 6 8
& vitA n
15m 11 5 6
on
6 Pharmacy Pharmacy 300 150 150
service
7 Laboratory Lab services 260 130 130
Identified Stakeholders
 HEWs
 Kebele administrator
 Health facility administrators and professionals
 Town municipality
 Wachemo University
 Community members
Identified problems in JHC
1. Lack of health education at waiting area
2. Shortage of essential drugs
Table 7: Action plan of TTP Prioritized problems in Jajura health center done by WCU
graduating Health Science students, 2023 `
S Prioritiz Objective Strategy Activities Target Unit of Responsible body
n ed population measuremen
o problem t
1 Lack To -Strong - Giving - Patients who Session -Team members
. of HE educate
team health visit HC -Staff members
at people
participa education on
waitin at tion d/t topics by
g area waiting
- preparing
area
Working schedule
in 1times per
collabora wk.
tion with
staff
members
2 Shorta To Informin Writing Health center Availabilit Government
ge of increase g recommendat workers y of body
equip supply concerne ion equipment HC purchaser
ment’s of d body ’s and
equipm Giving administrative
ent’s recomme staff
ndation
to
governm
ent body
Reference
1. Abraham Haileamlak .Assessment of Health and health related problem, Jimma University,
Ethiopia, Journal of Health Sciences, 2009. pp. 1-28
2. World Health Organization . Community-directed interventions for major health problems in
Africa: a multi-country study: Special Programme for Research & Training in Tropical Diseases
(TDR). Geneva, Switzerland (2008)
3. JC, Ehrenberg JP, Ault SK. Prevention, control, and elimination of neglected diseases in the
Americas: pathways to integrated, inter-programmatic, inter-sect oral action for health and
development. BMC Public Health 7:6.(2007)
4. Measure DHS: DHS surveys and national reports on health situations in different African
countries.
5. Central Statistical Agency (CSA) [Ethiopia] and ICF. 2014. Ethiopia Demographic and Health
Survey 2014: Key Indicators Report. Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, and Rockville, Maryland, USA.CSA
and ICF.
6. Federal Democratic Republic of Ethiopia, Demographic and Health Survey, 2016, Central
Statistical Agency, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
7. (AtekurDefar and BilutkenawTamiru , 2012, first edition, Basic concept of research methods
for health and health related problems)
8. World Health Organization . Community-directed interventions for major health problems in
Africa: a multi-country study: Special Programme for Research & Training in Tropical Diseases
(TDR). Geneva, Switzerland (2008)
9. Maternal and child health and nutrition, Ministry of health, Ethiopia, 2016)
10. National Center for Health Statistics (2006), United States with chart Book on trends on the
health of Americans. Hyattsville, MD.
11. United Nations, Millennium Development Goals Report 2013.
12. HIV available at https://en.m.www.who.int.gho.HIV (accessed on May 17, 2017)
13. Wachemo University College of Medicine and Health science, assessment of student’s health
and health related problems hulbareg SNNPR ETHIOPIA, 2017.
and health related problems, mesbira SNNPR, Ethiopia June 2017
15. Wachemo University College of Medicine and Health science, assessment of students health
and health related problems, worabe SNNPR, Ethiopia June.
and health related problems, Bodity, SNNPR, Ethiopia June 2017
17. Debere markos University College of Medicine and Health science, assessment of students
health and health related problems, debre markos Amhara , Ethiopia 2017
18.Cross sectional community study on South Africa, 2014
19. Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey, Addis-Ababa, Ethiopia, CSA October 2011.
20. Central Statistical Agency, Ethiopia Demographic and Health Survey, 2014.Addis Ababa
Ethiopia, 2014.
21.EDHS. Ethiopian Demographic and Health Survey, Addis-Ababa, Ethiopia, CSA October,
2016. Available: http://ethiopia.usaid.gov demographic and health survey Addis Ababa.
22.Gejo NG, Anshebo AA, Dinsa LH (2019) modern contraceptive use and associated factors in
Hossana town. PLoS ONE 14 (5): e0217167
Annex: questionnaire
Informed consent
Dear respondent my name is -----------------------medical student from Wachemo University

college of medicine and health. Since this is a part of our academic requirement, we need to
conduct this study in health and health related problem in Jajura town. Your voluntary
contribution and accurate reply to these questions has a crucial value for the achievement of this
study. So you are kindly wanted to collaborate in responding the following questions. Your
confidentiality will be insured.
Do you agree A. Yes B. No
Questionnaires code ------------------
Part 1 Socio demographic status
1) House number ------

2) What is the family size?
3) Number of children
4) Age family members
5) Ethnicity
6) Religion
□Orthodox
□Islam
□Protestant
□Catholic
□Adventist
□Other
7) Educational status
□Illiterate
□Preschool
□primary School
□secondary School
□college/university
8) Marital status
□Married
□Single
□Divorced
□Widowed
9) Occupational status
□Government employee
□Trader
□Farmer
□Daily labor
□Student
□Other (specify) __________________
1) Approximate monthly income__________________

2) Accessibility to information
a. Radio set (yes, no)

b. TV set (yes, no)
c. Telephone in the house (yes, no)
d. Access to postal service (yes, no)
e. Access to newspaper (yes, no)
12-Any birth in the last 12 month in the family (yes, no)
13- If yes:
a) Status of the birth (live birth, still birth)
b) Sex of the newborn (male, female)
c) Place of delivery (house, health institution)
Attendant of delivery (TTBA, professional, untrained person)
14- Was there any death in the last 12 months (yes, no?)
15- If yes:
1. Sex (male, female)

2. Age at death (<1, 1-5, 5-18, >18)
3. Perceived cause of death (due to illness, accident, unknown)
16- Sick family members during the last two weeks (yes, no)
17-If yes:
a) Sex (male, female)

b) Age (<1, 1-5, 5-18, >18)
c) Ailments (fever, diarrhea, cough, others)
18- Days lost because of illness (<3 days, 3-7 days, >7 days)
19- Did the person seek any help? (Yes, no)
20- If yes, where? (Health institution, traditional healer, home level self-treatment, religious
treatment, others)
Part 2 Housing condition
1.1 Number of rooms?

No of rooms Ventilation(window) Adequate light Cleanness
1
2
3
Keys: 1, Good 2, Fair 3, Bad
1.1. Who is the owner of the house?

A: private B: rented C: other
1.3. What is the total area of the house in square meters?
1.4. What type of materials is the wall made out of?

A: Mud B: Stone C: Wood D: Cement E: Concrete f: other
1.5. Type of material used for constructing the roof
A: Iron sheet B: Thatched C: If other, specify
1.6. Constructing material for the floor?

A: wood B: concrete C: Soil D: If other, specify
1.6.1. Any crack visible in the floor?
A: yes B: No
1.7. Number of windows in the house?
1.8. How often do you clean the house?
1.9. Is there any domestic animal living in or around then house?
A: yes B: No
2.0. If yes, are they living together with people?
A: yes B: No they have separate quarters
2.1. What is the status of the kitchen?
A: Separate room attached to the main house
B: separate room but detached from the main house
C: No kitchen at all
2.2. If no kitchen, then where do you usually cook your food?
A: Inside the house B: Outside the house
2.3. If kitchen is available, how is the general sanitation of the kitchen, utensil and food storage
site?
A: Good B: Fair C: Poor
2.4. What source of energy is used for cooking purpose?

A: Wood and coal B: Electric C: Dung D: If other, specify
2.5. What is the source of water for the house? And is it clean or drinkable? Is it inside or outside
the house?
2.6 Does the house require maintenance?
A: No, house is in good condition
B: Not now, house is in fair condition
C: Yes, the house is in poor condition and requires urgent maintenance
2.7. Any trouble with Rodents and insects inside the house?
A: Yes B: No
2.8. If yes, what measures are taken to prevent such conditions?
Part 3 FOOD SANITATION
1 Which of the following procedures do you implement during food preparation?
a) Washing hands
b) Washing vegetables
c) Proper and adequate cooking
d) Material cleaning frequently
e) Preventing contamination
f) Other……………………
2. What method do you use to preserve food?
a) Refrigerator
b) Drying
c) Other……………
Part 4 Water supply
1 Source of water supply: a) pipe water b) underground water c) other specify
2 How much is your daily consumption in liters?

3 What type of container do you use to store the water? …………….
4 for how long you store it?...........
5 do you have cover for a container? A) yes B) no
6 do you clean the container? A) yes B) no
7 If yes, how frequent do you clean the container?
Part 5 Waste disposal
1. Is there any scheduled program to collect the waste?
a) Yes b) No
2. What is the final disposal method used for disposing collected waste?
a) Sanitary land field
b) Burning
c) Composting
Other _________________
3. Is there any Problem with insect and other vermin
A) Yes b) No
4. If yes what type a) Housefly fleas b) Bedbugs c) Lice
5. Do you have latrine facility?
a) Yes b) No
6. What is the status of the toilet?
A: Separate room attached to the main house

B: separate room but detached from the main house
C: No toilet at all
7. If yes, what type of toilet do you have?
A: Pit latrine B: Water carriage C: If other, specify
8. If separate, how far is the latrine from source of water?
9. What is the location of water source from the latrine?
A: Downhill B: up hill
10. What is the current status of your toilet?
A: Clean and in good maintenance B: Dirty and needs maintenance
11. If Pit, how far is it from the house? ------------meters
13. What is the status of ownership of excreta disposal?
a) Owned by the family
b) Shared or communal
14. If there is no latrine, is there adequate space for construction of a new one?
a) Yes b) No
15. Is latrine construction affordable for the family?
a) Yes B) No
16. What is the waste disposal system of your latrine?
a) Closed
b) Rained to pipes
c) Clearing the septic tank

Part 6 Family planning
1. Do you know about contraceptive?
A. yes
B. no
2. If yes to question number one, which one do know?
A. Pills
B. Implants
C. Injections
D. Condom, diaphragm
E. Others, specify
3. If yes to question number 3, do use any of the methods?
A. Yes
B. No
4. If yes to question number 3, specify the type
5. If yes to question number 3, what is the reason you use the contraceptive?
A. Health problem
B. For spacing
C. Financial reasons
D. Others, specify
6. If no to question number 3, what is your main reason?
A. Side effects
B. Cost
C. Don’t know sources
D. Lack of partners consent
E. Not available
7. If no to question number 3, what do you do when you want to space the next
pregnancy?
8. How does your partner feel about birth control method?
A. I don’t know
B. He feels positive
C. He is indifferent
Part 7 Pregnancy and delivery
1. Age at first marriage, if ever married
2. Age at first pregnancy, if ever pregnant
3. Total number of
a) Pregnancies
b) Live births
c) Abortions
d) Still births
4. Where did you deliver your last child?
a) Home
b) Clinic
c) Hospital
d) Other, specify
5. If it was at home, who attended the delivery?
6. Did you have any health problems during?
a) Pregnancy
b) Delivery
7. Did you go to nearby health center during pregnancy?
8. If yes for above question, why?
a) Regular check up
b) Health problem, specify
9. Did you take any precaution during pregnancy in the following areas?
a) In the kind of work, you do. If yes specify
b) In hygiene
c) In nutrition
 Are there forbidden foods?
 If yes, list them
 Do you know why they are forbidden?
d) Do you make any special preparations before pain starts that would make
delivery easier? And if yes, mention them
Part 8 Childcare practice
1) When do you wash the child after birth?
2) When do you start breast feeding after birth?
3) For how long do you breast feed the child?
4) At what age do you start complementary feeding?
5) Are there forbidden foods for infants?
A. Yes
B. No
6) If yes to above question, why?
7) Are there recommended foods for infants?
A. Yes
B. No
8) If yes to above question, why?
9) If yes to question number 7, mention them
10) Do you use bottle for feeding your child?
11) Does your under 5 child attend children’s clinic for checkup? If yes, where?
12) Which of the following do you practice on your children?
A. Female circumcision
B. Extraction of milk teeth
C. Uvula cutting
D. Other, specify
E. None
Part 9 prevalence of communicable and non -communicable disease
4.1 Was there any malarial infection in the last 12 months (yes, no?)
4.2 If yes

d) Age (<1, 1-5, 5-18, >18)
e) Days lost because of illness (<3 days, 3-7 days, >7 days)
f) Did the person seek any help? (yes, no)
g) If yes, where? (health institution, traditional healer, home level self-
treatment, religious treatment, others)
4.3 Mechanism of prevention that you have used?
a) Mosquito netting over beds (yes.no)
b) Removal of stagnant water from environment (ye.no)
4.1Was there any measles infection in the last 12 months (yes, no?)
4.5 If yes

b) Age (<1, 1-5, 5-18, >18)
c) Days lost because of illness (<3 days, 3-7 days, >7 days)
d) Did the person seek any help? (Yes, no)
If yes where? (Health institution, traditional healer, home level self-
treatment, religious treatment, others)
4.2Have you ever take a vaccine for measles(yes.no)
4.3If yes
a) Duration of vaccination (1st dose.>1st dose)
b) Place of vaccination ( health center, community health post, hospital,
home)

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WACHEMO UNIVERSITY

COLLEGE OF MEDICINE AND HEALTH SCIENCES

ASSESSMENT, PRIORITIZATION AND INTERVENTION OF

BY: JAJURA TEAM

Mr. TADDESE LALAGO

ASSESSMENT, PRIORITIZATION AND INTERVENTION OF

ADVISORS:-Mr.MARKOS SELAMU (BSc, MPH)

Mr. TADDESE LALAGO (BSc, MSc)

PREPARED BY JAJURA TEAM MEMBERS

Migration Yes 80 26.3

5.8 Environmental health survey

characteristics Option Frequency Percentage Remark

5.9 WASTE DISPOSAL

Charcteristics Option Frequency Percent

Type of latrine Pit latrine 211 98.6%

Is latrine Yes 26 40.6%

5.10 Water supply

5.11 Maternal nutrition

Variables Response Frequency Percentage

If pregnant how many times do you feed in a day? Once 1 0.36%

Three times 21 7.25%

Four times 20 6.89%

Total 290 100%

Do you get diary food? Yes 64 22.06%

Total 290 100%

Do you get fatty and protein foods ? Yes 69 23.80%

What is your staple food ? Injera 134 46.2%

Vegetables and fruits 4 1.37%

Total 290 100%

5.12 Child nutrition

characteristics Options Frequency Percenta

When did you

What feeding Laissez faire 34 32.69

5.13 Child immunization

Do you have Yes 64 21.1%

Vaccine list BCG 52 92.9

5.14 Antenatal care

characteristics Frequency Percentage Remark

Variables Response Frequency Percentage

Total 304 100%

Yes 210 81.7%

Do you know contraceptive method No 47 18.3%

Total 257 100%

If yes which type do you know? Oral pills 205 97.6%

Condom 165 78.57%

Injectable 191 91%

Norplant 176 83.8%

If yes which method are you using? Pill 9 18%

5.16 General information

Among 290 households distance from health post is 55.2%

Among 290 households distance from health center is 39%

Characteristics Option Frequency Percentage Remark

5= It covers very high percentage of the identified problems

4= It covers high percentage of the identified problems.

3= It covers medium percentage of the identified problem.

2= It covers low percentage identified problem.

1=It covers very low percentage of the identified problem.

4= High consequent suffering and disability from the identified problem.

3. Moderate consequent suffering and disability from the identified problem.

2= Low consequent suffering and disability from the identified problem.

5= highly feasible considering available resource

4= more feasible considering available resource.

2=Less feasible considering available resource.