KNSIT Project Symposium | May 2023 | Date: 05/05/2023 |Nawaz adil CA.

“Development of hump power generation with

piezo-integrated standard model”
Nawaz Adil CA.1, Dhruba Narayan Thakur2, Akshay Dev3, Rabindra Yadav4, Eliyas.A5,
1Assistant Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering KNSIT, Bengaluru
2-5UG Students of 8th Semester Dept of mechanical engineering, KNSIT, Bengaluru
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………

Abstract- Electricity is generated by replacing the usual speed
breakers with some simple mechanism. As vehicles pass over the speed
breakers, rack and pinion mechanism works and with the help of
hightension springs in turn generate electricity. This method is an
effective way to produce electricity as the number of vehicles is ever
increasing. It can be effectively placed near toll plazas, parking lots and
other locations where density of vehicles is very high. A rack and
pinion, spring assembly mechanism is provided which transfer the
motion to a DC motor/generator for electricity generation. This method
provides a cost-effective way to generate electricity from the
mechanical energy of dynamic vehicles on roads. It is very significant
to design pollution free energy generation system. Speed Breaker
Power Generation (SBPG) is the most emerging technique which
produces electrical power with minimum input. An experimental study
to generate the electricity by SBPG is described in this paper. In this
system, a rack and pinion mechanism is used for the production of
electricity. When a car reaches on the speed breaker, the rack moves
downward to generate linear to rotary motion using pinions. The rotary
motion is transferred to DC generator which generates DC power which
is stored in batteries same as in solar technology. The generated power
can be used for the domestic purpose or commercially, which are
present near the speed breaker.
Keywords: Speed Breaker Power Generation (SBPG), piezo-electric
material, kinetic energy, mechanical energy, pollution free and clean
renewable energy
INTRODUCTION
surface,HEAT Energy is produced. The principle involved is
POTENTIAL ENERGY TO ELECTRICALENERGY
CONVERSION. There is a system to generate power by
converting the potential energygenerated by a vehicle going up
on a speed breaker into kinetic energy. The word Piezoelectric is
derived from the Greek word “piezein”, which means to squeeze
or press, and “piezo”, which is Greek word for “push”.
Piezoelectric Effect is the ability to produce electrical energy.
When piezoelectric actual model for piezoelectricity material is
placed under mechanical stress, a shifting of the positive and
negative charge centers in the material. We considered a simple
road model for which the current takes place, which then results
in an external electrical study. The vehicles moving along the
road will cover the field. When reversed, an outer electrical field
either area of the speed breaker. The 1 mm vertical displacement
stretches or compresses the piezoelectric material. This loading
on the speed breaker is allowed to push the trigger on to produce
effect which is utilized in the following manner. When stress is
induced on the plates (Lead Zirconate Titanate), voltage is
produced which is then stored in the batteries connected through
wiring. The developed voltage is proportional to stress induced.
The generated electrical energy can be further used for various
applications like street lightings, traffic lightings, electric
vehicle charging, etc

This project harvests energy from speed breaker by making gear

arrangement and using piezoelectric material. Large amounts
amount of electricity can be generated, saving lot of money. And
if implemented will be very beneficial for government. When
vehicle is in motion it produces various forms of energy like,
due to friction between vehicle’s wheel and road i.e., rough
Fig: Speed Breaker

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KNSIT Project Symposium | May 2023 | Date: 05/05/2023 |Nawaz adil CA.
LITRATURE SURVEY
1.Mr. Bhattacharya in - Piezoelectric energy harvesting in
Automobile wheels experiments by placing piezoelectric
material tires and on the top of wheel rims of an automobile.
The author has made an experimental setup with PZT- (lead
zirconate titanate) placed in tires connected to a fullwave bridge
rectifier to convert variable voltage output of piezo materials
into liner voltage. It also serves the purpose of converting AC
voltage into DC voltage. The author concludes with a result that
the setup gives an efficiency of 30-40% and can be increased
with the better use of PZT materials.
2.The paper published by Hari Anand and Binod Kumar Singh
in 2021 deals with the generation of alternate sources of energy
through piezoelectric materials. It also suggests a footstep of the
piezoelectric energy harvesting model which is cost-effective
and easy to implement. Although the studies are not technical
and suitable for the automobile or other fields but are an
opportunity like a spark to something big.
3.Laxmi Gupta, Ankita Bharti - In this paper they illustrate
generation of electricity through speed breakers. Here we used a
technique of harvesting energy by three mechanisms- Rack and
pinion mechanism, Crank and shaft mechanism, Roller
mechanism. In this paper we have used roller mechanism. This
electrical energy is in the form of DC and we used inverter
which converts DC into AC. Large amount of electricity can be
generated saving lot of money and if implemented will be very
beneficial for Government.
4.A Padma Rao, A Kiran Kumar, S.Suresh, “Power Generation
from Speed Breaker by Rack and Ratchet Mechanism” The
cheapest and new source of energy is obtained by the conversion
of one form of energy into other. This paper mainly focused on
work of newly developed rack and pinion mechanism. This is
used to develop the power from speed breakers, its practical
implementations.
METHODOLOGY
After the studies of literature surveys, we got much ideas about
the various other similar projects. We understood how such
mechanisms could be utilized in accomplishing our project. We
got the brief idea about rack & pinion mechanism, used to
harvest energy lost, on the roads or humps due to friction as a
result of motion of vehicles & also we came to understand about
the piezo electric materials, their properties and such materials
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used to produce power. And hence, we came with an idea to
combine both of them to harvest the energy from the humps
being lost due to friction. And then, we realized the problem,
came with problem statements and conclusion that how our
project can be beneficial in various situations. The problem
statement and objectives of the proposed research are given as
under.
PROBLEM STATEMENT
• Whenever there is sudden power failure at the streets during
nights and street lightings get interrupted, hump power will be
able to handle such sensitive issues as hump power will be
available 24*7 and hence there will not be such interruptions.
• During any natural disaster like earth quake, severe rainfall,
thunder storm, etc. when there is power interruption for a longer
time: - our project is compact & unaffected & hence our project
can impart continuous power supply. • In case of disasters,
repair & maintenance of present power supply systems may take
a longer duration: - maintenance is easier & quicker in case of
our project.
OBJECTIVES OF THE PERPOSED RESEARCH
• This project puts a relief to the growing consumer demand.
• To enable low budget power production.
• To decrease the dependency on the other previous sources of
energy being used.
• To produce pollution free power.
• To produce power for street lightings, traffic lightings &
electric vehicle charging throughout the day and round the year
without much maintenance requirement.
• This device is engineered as a practical and useful alternative
energy technology for generating clean electricity from the
millions of vehicles on our roadways.
• Alternatives for conventional electrical supplies for powering
roadway signs, street and building lights, storage systems for
back-up and emergency power, and other electronics appliances
and even devices used in homes and businesses.
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KNSIT Project Symposium | May 2023 | Date: 05/05/2023 |Nawaz adil CA.
STEPS INVOLVED IN OUR PROJECT WORK
Fig: Flowchart of execution of the project
As soon as the idea of the project was developed, initially a
rough drawing followed by the 2D drawing of the working as
well as power generating mechanism was accomplished. Then,
the design and analysis of the various mechanical components
were done. The very next step carried out was the procurement
of the components regarding the project, for this estimating and
costing was also analyzed. As soon as the components were
procured, the process of fabrication was carried out. The frame
was firstly made, this was done by cutting the hollow square
columns and welding them to an appropriate dimension as per
the design. Then, the pinion coupled to the generator shaft was
meshed and the base of the generator was mounted to a column
and welded to the base of the frame and then the batteries were
wired to this generator output as well as the piezo-plates’ output.
Also, the hump surface was manufactured and the plate was
drilled to the base using nuts and bolts. After all the steps of
fabrication were accomplished, the working of the model was
observed and the expected results were analyzed and
conclusions were made.
COMPONENTS OF HUMP POWER GENERATION
SYSTEM
1. RACK AND PINION MECHANISM
The rack and pinion used to convert between rotary and linear
motion. The rack is the flat toothed part, while the pinion is the
gear. Rack and pinion can convert rotary to linear or linear to
rotary motion. The power hump setup consists of a rack welded
to the dome of the speed breaker. The rack is in mesh with its
pinion. Fig3.4.1(a) shows that when a vehicle reaches on the
speed breaker, it applies its weight on the speed breaker. The
rack is connected with the speed breaker and a pinion meshes
across the rack. Due to the weight on the speed breaker, rack
moves downward and linear motion is obtained. It rotates the
pinion which is attached to the rack. At this point, linear motion
of rack converts into angular motion. Fig3.4.1(b) represents that
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four springs help the speed breaker to move upward and thus the
rack moves upwards when the vehicle passes away.
2 SQUARE HOLLOW SECTION PIPES
Square hollow section pipes are manufactured using finest
quality of steel, they are extensively used in welded steel frames
which experience loads from multiple directions. The shapes of
pipes suit multiple axis loading with having uniform geometry
along with two or more cross section axes. In our project we
have used these square pipes for making the frame as well as to
manufacture support members.
3 SHEET METAL PLATE
Steel plate is one of the most popular hot rolled, low carbon
steel plates used in manufacturing, fabrication, and repair
projects. Steel plate adds strength and rigidity to any project. It
is easy to weld, cut, form and machine. In case of our project,
we have used low carbon steel sheet for making the speed
breaker surface.
4 PLYWOOD
Plywood is a material manufactured from thin layers or "plies"
of wood veneer that are glued together with adjacent layers
having their wood grain rotated up to 90 degrees to one another.
In case of our project, we have used plywood as a support
member for the speed breaker and also as a platform on which
the piezo electric materials are kept.
5 SPRING
Spring is an element which possess elasticity and its function is
to expand and contract to recover its original shape when it is
loaded or unloaded. It changes its shape according to the load
applied. It absorbs energy either due to shocks or due to
vibrations.
6 GENERATOR OR DYNAMO
It is a device which converts mechanical energy into electrical
energy. For this energy conversion, the generator or dynamo
uses rotating coils of wire and magnetic fields. A pinion is
coupled to the generator shaft, which converts the reciprocating
motion of the rack to the rotary motion and ultimately this
motion is utilized in generating electric voltage through the use
of a generator.
7 BATTERY
Batteries convert chemical energy directly to electrical energy.
In many cases, the electrical energy released is the difference in
the cohesive or bond energies of the metals, oxides, or
molecules undergoing the electrochemical reaction. It is a device
which stores energy generated from the generator. The energy is
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KNSIT Project Symposium | May 2023 | Date: 05/05/2023 |Nawaz adil CA.
stored in the form of chemical energy in the battery. This energy c)LED Cluster is actually an application source. The power
can be used as and when it is required. ` stored in the battery is utilized to glow the cluster LEDs.
Wires are used to connect various components across the circuit
8 PIEZO ELECTRIC SENSOR & an Electric Switch is used to switch on or switch off the
A piezoelectric sensor is a device that uses the piezoelectric application source (LED Cluster).
effect to measure changes in pressure, acceleration, temperature,
strain, or force by converting them to an electrical charge. The
prefix piezo- is Greek for 'press' or 'squeeze'. A piezoelectric
transducer has very high DC output impedance and can be BLOCK DIAGRAM
modeled as a proportional voltage source and filter network. The
voltage V at the source is directly proportional to the applied
force, pressure, or strain.[10] The output signal is then related to
this mechanical force as if it had passed through the
9 NUTS & BOLTS
A nut is a small object made of metal and in the middle of it,
there is a hole. The curve holes come with the name of threads.
Generally, nuts are used as a fastening device. It comes in a
form of a hexagonal cap or circular shape. Bolts are metal
objects of a cylindrical trunk with grooves present inside a nut. Fig: Power transfer and energy generation procedure
Generally, a bolt goes into a hole in a circular thread of a nut,
and also bolt grooves fit with the nut grooves. The inside of a GEOMETRICAL MODELLING
bolt is always circular and the stem of the bolt comes cylindrical
in shape. As a result, it can come to rotate easily and even fit
into the threads. We have used nuts and bolts to fasten the hump The geometric modellings regarding the project were done in
surface, supporting plywood and the frame. Solid Edge software. The 2D orthographic views as well as the
3D views of the project model are illustrated below.
10 ELECTRIC & ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
The various electronic components include:-

a)A rectifier is an electrical device that converts alternating

current (AC), which periodically reverses direction, to direct
current (DC), which flows in only one direction. The process is
known as rectification, since it "straightens" the direction of
current.
b)LED stands for Light Emitting Diode. In our project, we have
used a set of LEDs for indicating the generation of power, one
through rack & pinion mechanism and another through piezo
electric sensors. Fig: 3D view of the Project ModeL

DESIGN AND FABRICATION yp = 0.1033

DESIGN Module, m = d/zp = 24/18
m = 1.33,
1 Design of Pinion Vm = 2.775 m/s (Assuming for a vehicle at 10km/hr)
Cv = 3/(3+Vm) = 0.5194 m/s
Material: Alloy Steel (SAE 2320) Tangential tooth load by Lewis Equation,
𝜎𝑝= 345MPa Ft = 𝜎𝑝*b* yp*P*Cv
𝑧𝑝= 18 = 𝜎𝑝*10m* yp*πm*Cv
Lewis form factor for 200 Full Depth Involute System = 345*10*1.33*0.1033*π*1.33*0.5194
yp = 0.154 - 0.912/zp Ft = 1028 N
= 0.154 – 0.912/18 Checking for the stress,

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KNSIT Project Symposium | May 2023 | Date: 05/05/2023 |Nawaz adil CA.
Allowable stress, 𝜎all = (𝜎𝑝* Cv)all = 1028/(10*1.333*0.1033* π*1.333) = 178.2 MPa
= 345*0.52 = 179.4 MPa Hence, induced stress is less than allowable stress, so the
Induced stress, 𝜎ind = Ft/( b* yp*P) design is safe.
2 Design of Spring If 50 such vehicles passes through this hump in
𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 395 N, an hour,
Wire Diameter, d = 2 mm Then, P = 0.89193*50 = 44.596W
Mean coil diameter, D = 16 mm In 24 hours, P = 44.596*24 = 1070.31
Spring index, C = D/d = 16/2 = 8 For one pushing of piezo-electric material,
G = 84 𝑁/𝑚m2, Trials Voltage (V) Current (A)
Deflection, 𝛿 = 40 mm (assume) 1 2.98 0.05*10-6
Wahl Factor (𝐾𝑤) = 4C-1/(4C-4) + 0.615/C 2 3.09 0.05*10-6
= 1.1840
3 3.27 0.06*10-6
Shear Stress Induced, τ = 𝐾𝑤 × (8𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥 ×𝐶 /(𝜋d2))
4 2.67 0.04*10-6
= 1.1840*(8*245*8/( π*22))
= 1477.36 MPa 5 3.62 0.07*10-6
Number of Coils, AVERAGE 3.126 0.054*10-6
𝛿 = 8* 𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥* D3*i/(d4*G) Table: Power generated from piezo-electric
i = 6.6964 = 7 turns sensors
Total No of Coils, i' = (i+n) = 9 Generated output voltage by one push on the
Free length, lo = (i+n)d+y+a speed breaker = 3.126V
= 9*2+40+(25% of 40) = 68 mm Current in the circuit during one push=
Total Length, l = 𝜋Di’= 452.38 mm 0.054*10-6A
Pitch of Coil, p = (lo – 2d)/i’= 7.11 As per Ohm’s law,
Rate of spring, Fo = 𝐹𝑚𝑎𝑥 /𝛿𝑚𝑎𝑥 = 9.875 𝑁/ 𝑚𝑚 Electrical Power Developed, P= VI =
RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS 3.126*0.054*10-6= 1.68804*10-7W
Once the fabrication part is completed, the If 50 such vehicles passes through this hump in
model is ready and its performance can be an hour,
observed and analyzed. In case of our project Then, P = 1.68804*10-7*50 = 8.4402*10-6W
model, power generation takes place through In 24 hours, P = 8.4402*10-6*24 = 2.0257*10-
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rack and pinion mechanism as well as through W
Total power generated in 24 hours, Ptotal
piezo-electric effect from the piezo –electric
= Power generated from + Power generated from
sensors. The results and discussions regarding
rack & pinion mechanism piezo-electric
the project model is given below. sensors
For one pushing of rack and pinion = 1070.31+2.0257*10-4
mechanism, =1070.3102 W
Trials Voltage (V) Current (A) With an application of lamp having 20 W as in
1 5.57 0.178 case of our project,
2 4.61 0.171 No. of lamps that can be illuminated for a whole
3 5.34 0.175 night (12 hours)
= 1070.3102 /(20*12) = 4.46lamps (or 5 lamps
4 4.89 0.172
for a whole night)
5 5.22 0.174 Based on the pushings of the hump, the voltage and current
AVERAGE 5.126 0.174 generated from both the mediums, i.e. rack and pinion
Table: Power generated from rack & pinion mechanism & piezo-electric sensors were noted, for different
mechanism trials. The power generation was calculated in each cases.
Generated output voltage by one push on the Hence, the total power was achieved. Finally, the number of
speed breaker = 5.126V lamps that can be illuminated from this power was estimated.
Current in the circuit during one push = 0.174A
As per Ohm’s law, ADVANTAGES
Electrical Power Developed, P = VI = • Enable low budget power production.
5.126*0.174 = 0.89193W

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KNSIT Project Symposium | May 2023 | Date: 05/05/2023 |Nawaz adil CA.
• Decrease the dependency on the other present
sources of energy being used.
• Produce pollution free power.
• Produce power for street lightings, traffic lightings &
electric vehicle charging throughout the day and round the
year without much maintenance requirement.
• Alternatives for present conventional electrical supplies for
powering roadway signs, street and building lights,storage
• systems for back-up and emergency power, and other
electronics appliances and even devices used in homes and
businesses.
APPLICATIONS
• Street lights.
• Traffic lights.
• Lighting of road signals.
• Digital advertising boards on roads.
• Charging of electric vehicles, etc.
CONCLUSSION & FUTURE SCOPE
This project introduces another innovative method of
green power generation in order to contribute towards the
development of the country by enriching it with utilization of
available resources in more useful manner. Due to population
explosion, the current power generation has become insufficient
to fulfil our requirements. In the upcoming days, as demand of
electricity is increasing rapidly, it will prove a great boon to the
country and also to the world, since it will save a lot of
electricity of power plants which is wasted in illuminating the
street light, traffic lights, etc. This project can be used to develop
the country by enhancing more and more utilization of its
sources in more appropriate and proficient manner. The
development of a country is directly proportional to the way in
which it uses power supply sufficiently and efficiently. Now is
the need of an hour when these types of inventive ideas should
be brought into practice. This idea not only provides an
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alternative, but also adds to the economy of the country.
Development of every country is the development of the world.
REFERENCES
1]. Kiran Kolhe and Amar Pandhare: Electric Power Generation System from
Speed Breaker by using Rack and Pinion Mechanism Vol.7, No.3 (June 2017).
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Materials,” no. December, pp. 0–4, 2018.
3]. Yadav, V.K., Prajapati, S., Durgesh, porwal, A. (2019) Electric Power
Generation through Speed Breakers. Innovation in Engineering and Technology
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7]. Mohamad, Syahrul Hisham & Thalas, M.F. & Noordin, Aminurrashid &
Yahya, M.S. & Hassan, M.H.C. & Ibrahim, Z. (2015). A potential study of
piezoelectric energy harvesting in-car vibration. 10. 8642-8647.
8]. Anand, Hari & Singh, Binod. (2021). Piezoelectric energy generation in
India: an empirical investigation. Energy Harvesting and Systems. -1. 1-8.
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energy harvester on light electric logistics vehicle suspension systems. Energy
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