LET REVIEWER - PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION

ACRONYMS
 PPST - Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers
 NCBTS - National Competency Based Teacher Standards
 PQF - Philippine Qualifications Framework
 PD - Presidential Decree
 RA - Republic Act
 NESC - New Elementary School Curriculum
 NSEC - New Secondary Education Curriculum
 BESRA - Basic Education Sector Reform Agenda
 RBEC - Revised Basic Education Curriculum
 K-12 - Kinder to Grade 12
 NSAT - National Secondary Assessment Test
 NAT - National Achievement Test
 SMART - Specific Measurable Achievable Relevant Time-Bound
 HOTS - Higher Order Thinking Skills
 LOTS - Lower Order Thinking Skills
 CHED - Commission on Higher Education
 TESDA - Technical Education and Skills Development Authority
 DepEd - Department of Education
 PAGASA - Philippine Atmospheric Geophysical Astronomical Services Administration
 PRC - Philippine Regulation Commission
 MTB-MLE - Mother Tongue Based Multi Lingual Education
 OBE - Outcome Based Education

DIFFICULTY INDEX EXPLAINED

 0--.2 (Very Difficult) REJECT
 .21--.4 (Difficult) REVISE
 .41--.6 (Moderate) RETAIN
 .61--.8 (Easy) REVISE
 .81-- 1 (Very Easy) REJECT
DISCRIMINATION INDEX
 POSITIVE - retain
- it means more from the upper group got the correct answer.
 NEGATIVE - REJECT
- it means more from the lower group got the correct answer.
 ZERO - REJECT
- the answer cannot discriminate.
 REJECT.
- If the discrimination index is positive, then refer to its difficulty index to decide for the answer.

CHILD AND ADOLESCENT LEARNERS

Sigmund Freud’s Psychoanalytic Theory (Personality)

Psychosexual Development
📚Oral Stage (0-1 yrs. old) – Infant
📚Anal Stage (1-3 yrs. old) – Toddler
📚Phallic Stage (3-6 yrs old) preschoolers
📚Latency Stage (age 6 - puberty) school age
📚Genital Stage (adolescence /puberty onwards)

Personality Component
📘ID (pleasure principles) infancy
📘EGO (reality principles) preschooler
📘SUPEREGO (morality principles) near end of preschool

3 Levels of Mind
📗CONCIOUS - all that we are aware of that are stored in our conscious mind.
📗UNCONCIOUS - all that we go through (feelings, beliefs, impulses deep within)
📗SUBCONCIOUS (a.k.a. Pre-Conscious) – the part of us that’s hidden unless we search for it

------------------------------------

Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory

3 Basic Cognitive Concept

1. Schema – Building blocks of knowledge

2. Adaptation Processes (3)

📕Assimilation – using an existing schema to deal with a new object or situation.
📕Accommodation – happens when an existing schema does not work and needs to be changed to deal with a new
object or situation
📕Equilibration – occurs when a child’s schemas can deal with most new information through assimilation. But when
our experiences do not match our schemata, we experience cognitive disequilibrium

3. Stages of Cognitive Development

Stage 1. Sensori-motor stage (birth - infancy)
Highlight:
Object Permanence - ability to know that an object still exists even when out of sight

Stage 2. Pre-operational stage (2-7yrs) preschool years

Intelligence at this stage is intuitive in nature
Child can now make mental representations and is able to pretend

Highlights on this stage:

📒Symbolic Function – ability to represent objects and events
📒Egocentrism – the tendency of the child to only see his point of view and to assume that everyone also has his same
point of view
📒Centration – the tendency of the child to only focus on one aspect of a thing or event and exclude other aspects.
📒Irreversibility – inability to reverse their thinking
Can understand 2+3=5 but cannot understand that 5-3=2
📒Animism – attribute human like traits or characteristics to inanimate objects
(e.g. Mr. Sun is asleep)
📒Transductive Reasoning – reasoning appears to be from particular to particular
(i.e. If A causes B, then B causes A)

Stage 3. Concrete-operational stage (8-11 yrs.) elementary school years

This stage is characterized by the ability of the child to think logically but only in terms of concrete objects.
📒Decentering – no longer focused or limited to one aspect or dimension which makes the child to be more logical when
dealing with concrete objects and situations
📒Reversibility – can now follow that certain operations can be done in reverse
📒Conservation – the ability to know that certain properties of objects like number, mass, volume or area do not change
even if there is a change in appearance.
📒Seriation – ability to order or arrange things in a series based on one dimension such as weight, volume or size.

Stage 4. Formal-operational stage (12-15 yrs.)

Thinking becomes logical
Can solve problems and hypothesize

This stage is characterized by the following:

📓Hypothetical Reasoning – the ability to come up with different hypothesis about a problem and to gather and weigh
data in order to make a final decision. Can answer what if questions.
📓Analogical Reasoning – the ability to perceive the relationship in one instance and use it to narrow down possible
answers. Can make an analogy.
📓Deductive Reasoning – the ability to think logically by applying the general rule to a particular situation.

𝗣𝗥𝗢𝗙𝗘𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗔𝗟 𝗘𝗗𝗨𝗖𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗡𝗢𝗧𝗘𝗦

1. Law of Readiness - preparedness

2. Law of Exercise - practice makes perfect
3. Law of effect - satisfaction
4. Law of primacy - learn first / first impression
5. Law of Recency - now/most recent are best
remembered
6. Law of intensity - impact/ exciting
Ex. Role playing
7. Law of Freedom - right to freedom
8. Law of importance - essentials

📌Cognitive:
mental skills(knowledge)

📌Affective:
growth in feelings or emotional areas (Attitude)

📌Psychomotor:
manual or physical skills (skills)

📌𝗣𝗥𝗜𝗡𝗖𝗜𝗣𝗟𝗘𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗧𝗘𝗔𝗖𝗛𝗜𝗡𝗚

A. create an active learning

B. Focus Attention
C. Connect Knowledge
D. Help students organize their knowledge
E. Provide timely feedback
F. Demand quality
G. Balance high expectations with student support
H. Enhance motivation to learn
I. Communicate your message in variety of ways.
J. Help students to productively manage their time

📌𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗚𝗘𝗦 𝗢𝗙 𝗟𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗚

1. Acquisition - learning new skill

2. Fluency - practice for mastery of skill
3. Generalization - across time & situation / variety
of setting
4. Adaptation -. Use for problem solving
5. Maintenance - performance over time

📌𝗕𝗟𝗢𝗢𝗠'𝗦 𝗖𝗢𝗚𝗡𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗩𝗘 𝗗𝗢𝗠𝗔𝗜𝗡

Blooms Taxonomy

Remember - recall facts & basic concepts

define, duplicate, list, memorize,state
Understand - Explain ideas or concepts
Classify, describe, discuss, explain,
locate, recognize
Apply -. Use of information in new situation
execute, implement, solve, use,
demonstrate, interpret, operate
Analyze -. Draw connection among ideas
differentiate, organize, relate, compare,
contrast, distinguish, examine,
expirement, question, test
Evaluate -. Justify a stand or decision
appraise, argue, defend, judge, select,
support, value, critique, weigh
Create -. Produce new or original work
Design, assemble, construct,
conjecture, develop, formulate, author,
 investigate

📌𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗘𝗥𝗦𝗢𝗡 𝗧𝗔𝗫𝗢𝗡𝗢𝗠𝗬

Remembering - recalling
Understanding - making sense of the material you
have learned
Applying -. Use knowledge gained in nee ways
Analyzing -. Breaking the concept into parts
Evaluating -. Making judgement
Creating -. Putting iNformation together in an
innovative way.

📌𝗔𝗙𝗙𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗜𝗩𝗘 𝗗𝗢𝗠𝗔𝗜𝗡:

✓Receiving -
is being aware of or sensitive to the existence of a certain ideas, material, or phenomena and being willing to tolerate
them.
Ex. To differentiate, to accept, to listen (for), to respond to.

✓Responding -
os committed in some small measure to the ideas l, materials, or phenomena involved by actively responding to them.
Example: to comply with, to follow, to command, to volunteer, to spend leisure time in, to acclaim.

✓Valuing -
is willing to be perceived by others as valuing certain ideas, materials, or phenomena. Examples include: to increase
measured proficiency in, or relinquish, to subsidize, to support, to debate.

✓Organization -
is to relate the value to those already held and bring it into a harmonious and internally consistent philosophy.
Examples: to discuss, to theorize, to formulate, to balance, to examine.

✓Characterization-
by value or value set is to act consistently in accordance with the values he or she has internalized. Examples: include: to
revise, to require, to be rated high in the value, to avoid, to resist, to manage, to resolve.

📌𝗣𝗦𝗬𝗖𝗛𝗢𝗠𝗢𝗧𝗢𝗥 𝗗𝗢𝗠𝗔𝗜𝗡:

✓Perception - Sensory cues to guide motor.

✓Set - mental, physical, and emotional dispositions that make one respond in a certain way to a situation.

✓Guided response - first attempts at a physical skill. trial and error coupled lead to better performance.

✓Mechanism - responses are habitual with a medium level of assurance and proficiency.
✓Complex Overt Response - complex movements are possible with a minimum of wasted effort and a high level of
assurance they will be successful.

✓Adaptation - Movements can modified for special situations.

✓Origination - New movements can be created for special situations.

📌Learning theories
A. Behaviourist (classical, operant, Connectionism , Social Learning and purposive)

PCSO
Pavlov - Classical
Skinner - Operant

📌𝗕𝗘𝗛𝗔𝗩𝗜𝗢𝗨𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗠

📌A. Classical Conditioning (Ivan Pavlov)

Two stimuli are linked together one Neutral + one Natural Response.

Adhesive Principle
- response attached to stimulus to evoke new response.

Experimentation: 🐕
(Salivation of Dog and Ring of the bell)

Ringing of bell- stimuli

Response - Naglalaway ang aso

Unconditioned Stimulus:
- automatically produces an emotional or psychological response.

Unconditioned Response:
- Naturally occurring emotional or physiological response.

Neutral Stimulus:
- a stimulus that does not elicit a response.

Conditioned Stimulus:
- evokes an emotional or Physiological response.

📌𝗕. 𝗢𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗔𝗡𝗧 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗗𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗚 (𝗕𝗙 𝗦𝗞𝗜𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗥)

Experimentation: 🐀
skinner Box (rat)

✓Reinforcement - increase behaviour

✓Punishment - decrease behaviour

✓Positive Reinforcement -
may binigay na gusto ng bata.

✓Negative reinforcement -
taking something away for the good of students.

✓Positive Punishment -
may binigay na ayaw mo / something unpleasant.

✓Negative punishment -
tinagangalan ng bagay na gusto ng bata.

📌𝗖. 𝗖𝗢𝗡𝗡𝗘𝗖𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡𝗜𝗦𝗠 𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗢𝗥𝗬 /𝗦-𝗥

( 𝗘𝗗𝗪𝗔𝗥𝗗 𝗧𝗛𝗢𝗥𝗡𝗗𝗜𝗞𝗘)

- specific stimulus has specific response

Law of Readiness- hinahanda mo sila

Law of Exercise- nagpapadrills
Law of Effect - satisfying effect

Secondary Laws of Learning

RIP

Law of primacy - dapat tama ang tinuro sa una.

Law of intensity - dapat fun ang learning
Law of Recency - mas natatandaan ang previous.

Other law:
Law of association By Aristotle

Law of similarity - recall similar object

Law of contrast - recall of opposite object
Law of Contiguity - recall of an activity which is frequently related with the previous one.

📌𝗗. 𝗦𝗢𝗖𝗜𝗔𝗟 𝗟𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗢𝗥𝗬 𝗕𝗬 𝗕𝗔𝗡𝗗𝗨𝗥𝗔

Experimentation: Bobo dull

- may pinaggagayahan
- focus on observation learning

Social learning theory

4 steps;
1. Attention - focus
2. Retention - store information
3. Reproduction - to perform the observed
behaviour
4. Motivation - be motivated

📌𝗘. 𝗣𝗨𝗥𝗣𝗢𝗦𝗜𝗩𝗘 𝗕𝗘𝗛𝗔𝗩𝗜𝗢𝗥𝗜𝗦𝗠 / 𝗦𝗜𝗚𝗡 𝗟𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗢𝗥𝗬 𝗕𝗬 𝗧𝗢𝗟𝗠𝗔𝗡

Expirement: Rats

- reinforcement is not essential to learning

- bridge between behaviorism and cognitive theilory
- Learning is acquired through meaningful behavior.

According to Tolman, in all learning some intelligence is atwork. It is the learner who actively participates on the act of
getting new experience. He organises his perceptions and observations and gives meaning to them. He explains the
theory of rats in teaching the goal through many trials as a result of insight or making cognitive map of the maze.

📌𝗖𝗢𝗚𝗡𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗩𝗜𝗦𝗧

📌𝗔. 𝗠𝗘𝗔𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗚𝗙𝗨𝗟 𝗟𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗢𝗥𝗬 𝗕𝗬 𝗗𝗔𝗩𝗜𝗗 𝗔𝗨𝗦𝗨𝗕𝗘𝗟

"Reception not discovery"

- advance organizer
- use of graphic organizer

📌𝗕. 𝗖𝗢𝗚𝗡𝗜𝗧𝗜𝗩𝗘 𝗗𝗘𝗩𝗘𝗟𝗢𝗣𝗠𝗘𝗡𝗧 𝗕𝗬 𝗣𝗜𝗔𝗚𝗘𝗧

📌a). Sensory - 0 to 2 years old - permanent object

📌b). Pre-operational - 3 to 7 years old - egocentric
Symbolic function

- Centration -
refers to the tendency of the chikd to only focus on one aspects of a thing or event and exclude other aspects EXAMPLE:
when a child presented with two identical glasses with the same amount of water, the chikd will say they have the same
amount of water. however, once water from one of the glasses is transferred to an obviously taller but narrower glass,
the chikd migh say that there is more water in the taller glass.
"The Child only Focus (centered)".

Irreversibly-
Pre-operational children still have the inability to reverse their thinking. They can understand that 2+3 is 5, but cannot
understand that 5-3 is 2.

Animism -
This is the tendency of children to attribute human like traits or characteristics to inanimate objects.
When at night, the child is asked, where the sun is, she will reply, "Mr. Sun is asleep."
Transductive reasoning -
This refers to the pre-operational child's type of reasoning that is neither inductive nor deductive.
Example: since her mommy comes home everyday around six o'clock in the evening, when asked why it is already night,
the child will say, "because my mom is home".

📌c). Concrete operational - 7 to 11 years old - begin learning logical reasoning.

Decentering -
This refers to the ability of the child to perceive the different features of objects and situations.
This allows child to be more logical when dealing with concrete objects and situations.

Reversibility -
The child can now follow that certain operations can be done in reverse. For example, they can already comprehend the
cummutative property of addition, and that subtraction is the reverse of addition.

Conversation-
This is the ability to know that certain properties if objects like number. Mass, Volume, or area do not change even if
there is a change in appearance. Because of the development of the child's ability of decentering and also reversibility,
the concrete operational chikd can now judge rightly that the same as when the water was shorter but wider glass.

Seriation -
This refers to the ability to order or arrange things in a series based on one dimension such as weight, volume or size.

📌d). Formal operational - 13 to onwards years old -

Thinking becomes more logical.can solve abstract problems and can hypothesis.

Hypothetical reasoning -
The ability to come up with different hypothesis about a problem and to gather and weight data in order to make final
decisions or judgement.
(What if questions)

Analogical reasoning -
This is the ability to perceive the relationship in one instance and then use that relationship to narrow down possible
answers in another similar situation or problem.

Deductive reasoning -
This is the ability to think logically by applying a general rule to a particular instance or situation.
For example, all countries near the north pole. therefore, Greenland has cold temperatures

📌𝗖. 𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗘𝗠𝗔/𝗦𝗖𝗛𝗘𝗠𝗔𝗧𝗔 𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗢𝗥𝗬 𝗕𝗬 𝗕𝗔𝗥𝗟𝗘𝗧

Schema-
- refers to the prior knowledge

Assimilation -
This is this is the process if fitting a new experience into an existing or previously created schema.
Accomodation-
This is the process if creating a new schema.

Equilibrium -
Achieving proper balance between Assimilation and accommodation.

If not match our schemata we experience

"Cognitive disequilibrium"

📌𝗗. 𝗚𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗟𝗧 𝗣𝗥𝗜𝗡𝗖𝗜𝗣𝗟𝗘 𝗢𝗙 𝗩𝗜𝗦𝗨𝗔𝗟 𝗣𝗘𝗥𝗖𝗘𝗣𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗕𝗬 𝗚𝗘𝗦𝗧𝗔𝗟𝗧

- determine what we see/percept.

📌Laws of Gestalt
Gestalt means "whole".

Law of similarity -
Kapag kapareho

Law of pragmanz or Law of Good Figure -

Symmetry order- brain will perceive ambiguous shapes in as simple a manner as possible for example, a monochrome of
the Olympic logo is seen as a series of overlapping circles rather than a collection of a curved lines.

Law of proximity - refers to how close elements are to one another. The strongest proximity relationship are those
between overlapping subjects, but just grouping objects into a single area can have a strong proximity effect.

Law of Continuity - posits that the human eye will follow the smoothest path when viewing lines, regardless of how the
lines were actually drawn

Law of Closure - "fill the gap"

is one of the coolest gestalt principles and one I already touched on at the beginning of this piece. It's the idea that your
brain will fill in the missing parts of a design or image to create a whole

📌𝗘. 𝗜𝗡𝗦𝗜𝗚𝗛𝗧 𝗟𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗢𝗥𝗬 𝗕𝗬 𝗪𝗢𝗟𝗙𝗚𝗔𝗡𝗚 𝗞𝗢𝗛𝗟𝗘𝗥

- sudden grasping of the solution, a lash of understanding, without any process of trial and error.

Learning happen in sudden -"Eurika"

(Aha moment)

Expirement: monkey names (Sultan)

Believes that the whole is more important than the parts.so Learning takes place as a whole.
📌𝗙. 𝗜𝗡𝗙𝗢𝗥𝗠𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗢𝗡 𝗣𝗥𝗢𝗖𝗘𝗦𝗦𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗧𝗛𝗘𝗢𝗥𝗬 𝗕𝗬 (𝗔𝗧𝗞𝗜𝗡𝗦𝗢𝗡 𝗔𝗡𝗗 𝗦𝗛𝗜𝗙𝗙𝗥𝗜𝗡)

Sensory memory - it holds information that the

mind perceives through various senses.
(small capacity).
Short term memory - last around 30 seconds.
(Short Duration)
Long term Memory - has an unlimited amount of space as it can store memories from a long time ago to be retrieved at
a later time.

Long term memory

1. Episodic Memory
- recalling episodes (events)
2. Semantic Memory
- knowledge of a general Facts, principles and concepts.
3. Procedural Memory
- refers to "know how" as opposed to "know about".

📌𝗚. 𝗖𝗨𝗠𝗨𝗟𝗔𝗧𝗜𝗩𝗘 𝗟𝗘𝗔𝗥𝗡𝗜𝗡𝗚 𝗕𝗬 𝗥𝗢𝗕𝗘𝗥𝗧 𝗚𝗔𝗚𝗡𝗘

Gradual development of knowledge and skills that improve over time.

💥LAWS IN EDUCATION💥

📌PRC BR 435 – Code of Ethics for

Professional Teachers

📌PD 1006 – Decree Professionalizing

Teachers

📌RA NO. 1425 – inclusion of the works

of Jose Rizal

📌RA NO. 4670 – “Magna Carta for

Public School Teacher”

📌RA 7722 – CHED

📌RA 7796 – “TESDA Act of 1994”

📌RA 7836 – Phil. Teachers

Professionalization Act of 1994

📌RA 9155 – BEGA (Basic Educ.) or

DepEd Law

📌RA 9293 – Teachers Professionaliza

tion Act

📌RA 10533 – K-12 Law

📌ACT NO. 2706 – “Private School Law”

COMMONWEALTH ACT NO. 578 –
“persons in authority”

■KAUTUSANG PANGKAGAWARAN BLG 7

- PILIPINO NatlLng

PROKLAMA BLG 12 - Linggo ng Wika

(Balagtas,Mr29-Ap4)

PROKLAMA BLG. 186 – Linggo ng

Wika (Quezon,Ag13-19)

PROKLAMA BLG. 1041 – Buwan ng

Wika (Ramos)

■PHIL. CONSTITUTION ACT 14 –

ESTACS

RA 1079 – no limit of Civil Service

eligibility

RA 6655 – “Free Public Secondary

Educ. Act of 1988”

RA 6728 – “Act Providing Government

Assistance to
Students and Teachers in Private
Education

RA 7277 – Magna Carta for PWD

RA 7610 – Anti-Child Abuse Law

(Amendment: RA 9231)

RA 7743 – establishment of public

libraries

RA 7877 – “Anti Sexual Harassment

Act of 1995”

RA 7880 – “Fair and Equitable Access

to Education Act”

RA 8049 – Anti-Hazing Law

RA 8187 – Paternity Act

RA 10627 – Anti-Bullying

SB 1987 ART. 14 SEK. 6-9 – FILIPINO

(National Language)

PROFESSIONAL EDUCATION LET Reviewer

150 Items with Answer Key

1. At the end of periodical examination, Teacher R administered a summative test in Filipino. After scoring the test
papers she assigned grades to each test score such as 95, 90, 85, 80 etc. What process did Teacher R use?
A. Ranking
B. Computation
C. Measurement
D. Evaluation
2. It is the study of man’s prehistory through the buried remains of ancient culture, skeletal remnants of human beings.
A. Anthropology
B. Archeology
C. Ethnology
D. Ethnography
3. Teacher D claims: "If I have to give reinforcement, it has to be given immediately after the response." Which theory
supports Teacher D?
A. operant conditioning theory
B. social cognitive theory
C. cognitive theory
D. humanist theory
4. Visual imagery helps people store information in their memory more effectively. Which is one teaching implication of
this principle?
A. You will not object when your students daydream in class.
B. Instruct students to take notes while you lecture.
C. Encourage your students to imagine the characters and situations when reading a story.
D. Tell them to read more illustrated comics.
5. Which is essential in the cognitive development of a person according to Vygotsky?
A. independent thinking
B. social interaction
C. individual mental work
D. scientific thinking
6. The design of the 2002 Basic Education Curriculum (BEC) is based on the principles that the main sources for
contemporary basic education are the expert systems of knowledge and the learner's experience in their context. This
shows that the BEC is _____ in orientation.
I. constructivist
II. behaviorist
III. essentialist
A. I and III
B. III only
C. I only
D. I, II, and III
7. Which assessment tool shows evidence of student’s writing skills?
A. project
B. portfolio
C. critiquing sessions
D. daily journal
8. Ask to do a learning task, Joe hesitates and says "Mahirap. Ayaw ko. 'Di ko kaya!" (It's difficult. I don't like it. I can't do
it.) To which problem does the case of the student allude?
I. Unmotivated students
II. Uncaring teachers
III. Extremely difficult learning tasks
IV. incompetent teachers
A. I and III
B. I and II
C. II and III
D. I, II, and III
9. Teacher S wants to determine immediately the learning difficulties of her students. Which of the following do you
expect her to undertake?
A. Require her students to prepare a portfolio.
B. Administer an achievement test.
C. Administer a diagnostic test.
D. Interview her students directly.
10. NSAT and NEAT results are interpreted against set mastery level. This means that NSAT and NEAT fall under
__________.
A. intelligence test
B. aptitude test
C. criterion-referenced test
D. norm-referenced test
11. The result of the item analysis showed that item no. 4 has a discrimination index of 0.67. What characteristic could
be true about this item?
A. Difficult
B. Valid
C. Easy
D. Average
12. The theme of Vygotsky's socio-cultural theory emphasizes the role of appropriate assistance given by the teacher to
accomplish a task. Such help enables the child to move from the zone of actual developmeny to a zone of proximal
development. Such assistance is termed _____.
 A. competency technique
B. scaffolding
C. active participation
D. collaboration
13. Which of these activities is not appealing to the bodily-kinesthetic learners?
A. making math moves
B. doing simple calisthenics
C. sketching/illustrating events
D. joining extramural events
14. Institutions of learning are required to meet the minimum standards for state recognition but are encouraged to set
higher standards of quality over and above the minimum through _____ as provided in Educational Act of 1982.
A. lifelong education
B. voluntary accreditation
C. formal education
D. academic freedom
15. You intend to assess affective attributes such as capacity to feel, attitudes, and behavior. Which of the following
should you establish to ascertain the instrument's validity?
A. construct
B. content
C. criterion-related
D. face
16. Which will be the most authentic assessment tool for an instructional objective on working with and relating to
people?
A. conducting mock election
B. home visitation
C. organizing a community project
D. writing articles on working and relating to people
17. As an effective classroom manager, what should a teacher do?
I. She uses instructional time wisely.
II. She uses her power to punish students for the sake of discipline.
III. She puts to use the available and appropriate materials.
IV. She manipulates colleagues and students so she can meet her goals.
A. I and III
B. II, III, and IV
C. I, II, and III
D. I, II, III, and IV
18. Keeping track of assessment results from one periodic rating to the next is useful in contributing to the development
of a _____.
A. regional plan
B. annual implementation plan
C. school improvement plan
D. division plan
19. In the K W L technique K stands for what the pupil already knows, W for he wants to know and L for what he _____.
A. failed to learn
B. he likes to learn
C. needs to learn
 D. learned
20. Which is one characteristic of an effective classroom management?
A. It quickly and unobtrusively redirects misbehavior once it occurs.
B. It teaches dependence on others for self-control.
C. It respects cultural norms of a limited group students.
D. Strategies are simple enough to be used consistently.
21. When curriculum content is fairly distributed in each area of discipline, this means that the curriculum is _____.
A. sequenced
B. balanced
C. integrated
D. continued
22. Direct instruction is for facts, rules, and actions as indirect instruction is for _____.
A. hypotheses, verified data, and conclusions
B. concepts, patterns, and abstractions
C. concepts, processes, and generalizations
D. guesses, data, and conclusions
23. The difficulty index of a test item is 1.0. This means that the test is _____.
A. a quality item
B. very difficult
C. very easy
D. missed by everybody
24. The discrimination index of a test item is -0.35. What does this mean?
A. More from the upper group got the item correctly.
B. More from the lower group got the item correctly.
C. The test is quite reliable.
D. The test item is valid.
25. His aim of education is individual not a preparation for but participation in the life around the individual.
A. Froebel
B. Spencer
C. Herbart
D. Pestalozzi
26. The following are characteristics of a child-friendly school except for _____.
A. exclusive
B. child-centered
C. gender-sensitive
D. nondiscriminating
27. To make the lesson meaningful, systematic and motivating, teachers’ example should be ______.
A. based on higher level skills
B. interesting aided with illustrations
C. easy, simple, and understandable
D. relevant to students’ experience and knowledge
28. Which are the most important concerns about the use of ICT in instruction?
I. Developing appropriate curriculum materials that allow students to construct meaning and develop knowledge
throught the use of ICT
II. Devising strategies to meaningfully integrate technology into the curriculum
III. Using pedagogical skills related to technology
IV. Providing teachers with skills for using software applications
A. I and III
B. II and III
C. III and IV
D. I, II, III, and IV
29. Which of these non-threatening means of assessing learning outcomes?
I. Portfolio
II. Self-evaluation
III. Peer evaluation
IV. Learning journals
A. I and II
B. I and III
C. I, II, and IV
D. II and III
30. Teacher A's lesson is about the parts of the gumamela. He asked his pupils per group to bring a real flower to study
the different parts. After the group work labeling each part, the teacher gave a test. What would be the best type of test
he can give?
A. essay type
B. matching type
C. diary
D. journal
31. Principal A wants her teachers to be constructivist in their teaching orientation. On which assumption/s is the
principal's action anchored?
I. Students learn by personally constructing meaning of what is taught.
II. Students construct and reconstruct meanings based on experiences.
III. Students derive meaning from the meaning that teacher gives.
A. I and III
B. I only
C. I and II
D. II only
32. The norms in a school culture are centered on the _____.
A. learner
B. teacher
C. principal
D. supervisor
33. The difficulty index of a test item is 1.0. What does this mean?
A. The test item is very good, so retain it.
B. The test item is very difficult.
C. The test item is extremely easy.
D. The test item is not valid.
34. Someone wrote: "Environment relates to the profound relationship between matter, nature, and society, and in such
a context, ICTs bring new ways of living in a more interconnected society, all of which reduces our dependency on
matter and affects our relationship with nature." What does this convey?
A. Environment and ICT are poles apart.
B. ICT impacts on environment.
C. Environment affects ICT.
 D. ICT brings us away from an interconnected society.
35. Educational institutions’ effort of developing work skills inside the school are aimed at _____.
A. developing moral character
B. inculcating love of country
C. teaching the duties of citizenship
D. developing vocational efficiency
36. Teacher B discovered that her pupils are weak in comprehension. To further determine in which particular skills her
pupils are weak which test should Teacher B give?
A. Aptitude Test
B. Placement Test
C. Diagnostic Test
D. Standardized Test
37. That the quality of Philippine education is declining was the result of a study by EDCOM which recommended to
_____ teachers and teaching.
A. regulate
B. progessionalize
C. strengthen
D. improve
38. As provided in the Republic Act #4670, every teacher shall enjoy equitable safeguards at each stage of any
disciplinary procedures and shall the following except:
A. the right to be informed in writing, of the charges
B. the right to full access to the evidence in the case
C. the right to appeal to clearly designated authorities.
D. All of these
39. The subject matter or content to be learned must be within the time allowed, resources available, expertise of the
teacher, and nature of learners. What criterion is addressed?
A. validity
B. significance
C. interest
D. feasibility
40. A child was shown an amount of water in a glass. The teacher poured the whole amount to a much taller and
narrower glass and marked this glass as
A. The same amount was poured in a shorter and wider glass, marked glass
B. When asked which has more water, the child's answer was "Glass A". In what stage of cognitive development is the
child and what is this ability called? A. concrete operational stage; conservation B. formal operational stage; deductive
reasoning
C. sensorimotor stage; symbolic functions
D. pre-operational stage; centration
41. In a multiple choice test item with four options and out of 50 examinees, which was the least effective distracter?
A. the option that was chosen by 13 examinees
B. the option that was chosen by 2 examinees
C. the option that was chosen by 30 examinees
D. the correct answer that was chosen by 5 examinees
42. What is an alternative assessment tool for teaching and learning consisting of a collection of work/artifacts finished
or in-progress accomplished by the targeted clientele?
A. rubric
 B. achievement test
C. evaluation instrument
D. portfolio
43. Societal change requires continually deep-seated questions about "good" living. Which of these did Socrates
recognize as the greatest of human virtues?
A. moral wisdom
B. fair justice
C. courage
D. piety
44. Among the following curriculum stakeholders, who has the most responsibility in curriculum implementation?
A. the learners
B. the school heads
C. the teachers
D. the parents
45. Study this group of tests which was administered with the following results, then answer the question.
SubjectMathPhysicsEnglishMean564180SD10916Student′sScore4331109
In which subject(s) did Ronnel perform most poorly in relation to the group’s performance?
A. English
B. English and Math
C. Math
D. Physics
46. You like to show a close representation of the size and shape of the earth and its location in the entire solar system.
What is the best instructional aid?
A. picture
B. model
C. realia
D. film
47. Which of the following techniques of curriculum implementation is fit to the objective of developing cooperative
learning and social interaction?
A. buzz session
B. graded recitation
C. individual reporting
D. lecture
48. To determine your pupil's entry knowledge and skills, which should you employ?
A. interview
B. focus group discussion
C. post-test
D. pre-test
49. We encounter people whose prayer goes like this: “O God, if there is a God; save my soul, if I have a soul” From
whom is this prayer?
A. Stoic
B. Empiricist
C. Agnostic
D. Skeptic
50. What is the implication of using a method that focuses on the why rather than the how?
A. There is best method
 B. Typical one will be good for any subject
C. These methods should be standardized for different subjects.
D. Teaching methods should favor inquiry and problem solving.
51. Which software can you predict changes in weather pattern and or trends in the population of endangered species?
A. word processing
B. spreadsheet
C. desktop publishing
D. database
52. You would like to assess students' ability to write a portfolio. What type of test will determine their ability to
organize ideas and think critically?
A. long test
B. essay test
C. formative test
D. summative test
53. Teacher F asks one student, "Rachel, can you summarize what we have just read? Remember, the title of this section
of the chapter." This is an example of a teacher's effort at _____.
A. scaffolding
B. inspiring
C. directing
D. giving feedback
54. Cooperative learning approach makes use of a classroom organization where students work in teams to help each
other learn. What mode of grouping can facilitate the skill and values desired?
A. large group
B. homogeneous
C. heterogeneous
D. Wear multicolored dress to catch the students' attention.
55. To solve moral ambiguity among us Filipinos, we must _____.
A. excuse ourselves whenever we do wrong
B. blame our government for not doing anything about it
C. be aware and responsible about the problem
D. be comfortable with the present state affairs
56. In their desire to make schools perform, the DepEd then published the ranking of schools in NAT results nationwide.
As an effect of this practice, what did schools tend to do?
I. Taught at the expense of NAT
II. Conducted review classes for NAT at the expense of teaching
III. Practiced the so-called teaching to the test
A. II and III
B. II only
C. I and III
D. III only
57. Which one appropriately describes your lesson if you use the cognitive approach?
A. promotes "find out for yourself" approach
B. lecture-dominated
C. rote learning dominated
D. highly directed teaching
58. Which apply/applies to extrinsically motivated learners?
I. Tend to process information superficially
II. Tend to be content with meeting minimum requirements
III. Achieve at high level
A. I and II
B. II only
C. I and III
D. I only
59. To make our children become like "little scientists", which of the following methods should we employ more often?
I. Inquiry
II. Problem-solving
III. Laboratory
A. II and III
B. I and II
C. I, II, and III
D. I and III
60. Teacher B is a teacher of English as a Second Language. She uses vocabulary cards, fill-in-the-blank sentences,
dictation and writing exercises in teaching a lesson about grocery shopping. Based on this information, which of the
following is a valid conclusion?
A. The teacher is reinforcing learning by giving the same information in, a variety of methods.
B. The teacher is applying Bloom's hierarchy of cognitive learning.
C. The teacher wants to do less talk.
D. The teacher is emphasizing listening and speaking skills.
61. A mother gives her son his favorite snack every time the boy cleans up his room. Afterwards, the boy cleans his room
everyday in anticipation of the snack. Which theory explains this?
A. operant conditioning
B. social learning theory
C. associative learning
D. Pavlovian conditioning
62. What is the primary fundamental question in examining a curriculum?
A. What educational experiences can be provided that are likely to attain these purposes?
B. What educational purposes should the school seek to attain?
C. How can these educational experiences be effectively organized?
D. How can we determine whether these purposes are attained or not?
63. To elicit more student’s response, Teacher G made use of covert responses. Which one did she NOT do?
A. She had the students write their response privately.
B. She showed the correct answers on the overhead after the students have written their responses.
C. She had the students write their responses privately then called each of them.
D. She refrained from judging on the student's responses.
64. Which is the ideal stage of moral development?
A. social contract
B. universal ethical principle
C. law and order
D. good boy/ good girl
65. There is a statement that says, "No amount of good instruction will come out without good classroom
management." Which of the following best explains this statement?
A. Classroom management is important to effect good instruction.
 B. There must be classroom management for instruction to yield good outcomes/ results.
C. Classroom management means good instruction.
D. Good instruction is equal to effective classroom management.
66. What does a Table of Specification establish?
A. construct validity
B. content related validity and criterion reference
C. content validity and construct validity
D. content validity and content related validity
67. A person who had painful experiences at the dentist's office may become fearful at the mere sight of the dentist's
office. Which theory can explain this?
A. generalization
B. classical conditioning
C. operant conditioning
D. attribution theory
68. Which one can help student develop the habit of critical thinking?
A. Asking low level questions
B. A willingness to suspend judgment until sufficient evidence is represented
C. Asking convergent questions
D. Blind obedience to authority
69. Multiple intelligences can be used to explain children's reading performance. Which group tends to be good readers?
A. linguistically intelligent group
B. spatially intelligent group
C. existentially intelligent group
D. kinesthetically intelligent group
70. Teachers should avoid _____ in assigning student performance-based ratings.
A. arbitrarines and bias
B. unnecessary deductions
C. partiality and calculation
D. unnecessary evaluation
71. Which of the following is NOT a guidance role of the classroom teacher?
A. Psychological Test Administrator
B. ListenerAdviser
C. Human Potential Discoverer
D. Total Development Facilitator
72. Watson applied classical conditioning in his experiments and the results showed that behavior is learned through
stimulus-response associations, specifically the development of emotional responses to certain stimuli. This helps is in
_____.
A. interpreting reflexes as emotions
B. understanding fears, phobias, and love
C. connecting observable behavior to stimulus
D. understanding the role of overt behavior
73. Who claimed that children are natural learners and therefore, must be taught in natural settings?
A. Piaget
B. Froebel
C. Montessori
D. Kohlberg
74. the benefit of "reading aloud" is that children learn _____.
A. new vocabulary in meaningful contexts
B. to value the presence of their friends as they read together
C. to make predictions by examining pictures and listening for clues
D. to use their imaginations to explore new ideas as they listen to books
75. What does a negatively skewed score contribution imply?
A. The scores congregate on the left side of the normal contribution curve.
B. The scores are widespread.
C. The students must be academically poor.
D. The score congregate on the right side of the normal contribution curve.
76. A high school graduate was refused admission to a university on the grounds that he failed the admission test. The
student insisted that he had the right to be admitted and the act of the univeristy was a violation of his right to
education. Was the student correct?
A. No, the university may refuse the student in its exercise of academic freedom.
B. Yes, education is everyone's right.
C. Yes, especially if he belongs to the Indigenous Peoples' group.
D. No, if the university is exclusively for girls.
77. Which of the following is a correct statement on service contracting scheme?
A. It increases access to education.
B. It works against quality education.
C. It discriminates against private schools.
D. it is not cost-effective.
78. Student M obtained an NSAT percentile rank of 80. This indicates that _____.
A. he surpassed in performance 80% of her fellow examinees
B. he got a score of 80
C. he surpassed in performance 20% of her fellow examinees
D. he answered 80 items correctly
79. Teachers are encouraged to make use of authentic assessment. Which goes with authentic assessment?
A. unrealistic performances
B. de-contextualized drills
C. real world application of lessons learned
D. answering high multiple choice test items
80. Global students learn with short bursts of energy. To maintain concentration they require ______.
A. frequent reminder that they need to concentrate
B. frequent and intermittent breaks
C. short and easy reading materials
D. music while studying
81. A child was punished for cheating in an exam. For sure the child wont cheat again in short span of time, but this does
not guarantee that the child won’t cheat ever again. Based on Thorndike’s theory on punishment and learning, this
shows that _____.
A. punishment strengthens a response
B. punishment doesn’t remove a response
C. punishment removes response
D. punishment weakens a response
82. Faith, hope, and love are values now and forever whether they will be valued by people or not. Upon what
philosophy is this anchored?
 A. Idealism
B. Existentialism
C. Realism
D. Pragmatism
83. In a grade distribution, what does the normal curve mean?
A. a large number of students receiving low grades and very few students with high marks
B. a large number of more or less average students and very few students receiving low and high grades
C. a large number of students with high grades and very few with low grades
D. all of the students have average grades
84. Lecturer C narrates: "I observe that when there is an English-speaking foreigner in class, more often than not, his
classmates perceive him to be superior." To which Filipino trait does this point?
A. hospitality
B. friendliness
C. colonial mentality
D. lack of confidence
85. Which violates this brain-based principle of teaching-learning: "Each child's brain is unique and vastly different from
one another."
A. giving ample opportunity for a pupil to explore even if the class creates "noise"
B. making a left-handed pupil write with his right hand as it is better this way
C. allowing open dialogue among students
D. employing MI teaching approaches
86. The child fainted in your class because she has not eaten her breakfast. What is the best thing for you to do in this
situation?
A. Ignore the situation
B. Comfort the child
C. Give the child food
D. Call the parent
87. Which one should teacher AVOID to produce an environment conducive for learning?
A. Tests
B. Seat plan
C. Individual competition
D. Games
88. You are convinced that whenever a student performs a desired behavior, provide reinforcement and soon the
student learns to perform the behavior on her own. On which principle is your conviction based?
A. cognitivism
B. behaviorism
C. constructivism
D. environmentalism
89. “Men are built not born.” This quotation by John Watson states that _____.
A. the ineffectiveness of training on a person’s development
B. the effect of environmental stimulation on a person’s development
C. the absence of genetic influence on a person’s development
D. the effect of heredity
90. Which order follows the basic rule in framing interaction?
A. call on a student, pause, ask the question
B. ask the question, call on a student, pause
 C. ask the question, pause, call on a student
D. call on a student, ask the question, pause
91. At the preoperational stage of Piaget's cognitive development theory, the child can see only his point of view and
assumes that everyone also has the same view as his. What is this tendency called?
A. transductive reasoning
B. animism
C. egocentrism
D. conservatism
92. "Vox Populi Est Supreme Lex" is a Latin expression that means what?
A. The Supreme Being is God
B. No one is above the law
C. The voice of the people is the supreme law
D. it is the popular choice
93. Which is not among the major targets of the Child-Friendly School System (CFSS)?
A. All school children are friendly.
B. All children 6-12 years old are enrolled in elementary schools.
C. All children complete their elementary education within six years.
D. All Grade 6 students pass the division, regional, and national tests.
94. Thorndike's law of effect states that a connection between stimulus and response is strengthened when the
consequence is _____.
A. repeated
B. negative
C. pleasurable
D. positive
95. Which is the most reliable tool of seeing the development in your pupils' ability to write?
A. portfolio asssessment
B. scoring rubric
C. interview of pupils
D. self-assessment
96. The Philippine constitution directs the teaching of religion in public schools on the following conditions except for?
A. option is expressed in writing
B. without cost to the government
C. with cost shouldered by the parents or guardians
D. given only at the option of parents or guardians
97. These are also known as “combination classes” organized in barrios/barangays where the required number of pupils
of the same grade levels has not met the required number to make a separate class thus the teacher apportions class
time for instruction to every grade level within class. These are ______.
A. extension classes
B. heterogeneous classes
C. multigrade classes
D. homogeneous classes
98. After reading and paraphrasing R. Frost's Stopping by the Woods on a Snowy Evening, Teacher M asked the class to
share any insight derived from this poem. On which assumption about the learner is Teacher M's act of asking the class
to share their insight based?
A. Learners are producers of knowledge, not only passive recipients of information.
B. Learners are meant to interact with one another.
 C. Learners are like empty receptacles waiting to be filled up.
D. Learners have multiple intelligence and varied learning styles.
99. "Do not cheat. Cheating does not pay. If you do, you cheat yourself." says the voiceless voice from within you. In the
context of Freud's theory, which is at work
A. id alone
B. superego alone
C. ego alone
D. Id and ego interaction
100. Which of the following assessment tools would you recommend if one should adhere to constructivist theory of
learning?
I. Constructed response test
II. Performance test
III. Checklist of a motor screening test
IV. Observation test
A. I and II
B. II and III
C. I, II, and III
D. I, II, and IV
101. The test in English and Mathematics showed poor results in comprehension and problem-solving questions. How
may the data be used for better learners' performance?
A. Use context clues in vocabulary building.
B. Give more exercises/situations on comprehension questions.
C. Determine weakness in grammatical structures.
D. Involve parents in guiding learners' developing good study habits.
102. Which of the following may be the assumption/s of behaviorists?
I. The mind of a newborn child is a blank slate.
II. All behaviors are determined by environmental events.
III. The child has a certain degree of freedom not to allow himself to be shaped by his environment.
A. III only
B. I and II
C. I and III
D. II only
103. _____ supports equitable access but on the other hand, quality might be compromised. A. Open admission B.
School accreditation C. Deregulated tuition fee D. Selective retention
104. If you want your students to develop reading comprehension and learning strategies which one should you
employ?
A. reciprocal teaching
B. cooperative learning
C. peer tutoring
D. mastery learning
105. What statement is FALSE with reference to Article VIII “The Teacher and the Learners” of the Code of Ethics of
Professional Teachers?
A. A teacher shall not accept favors or gifts from learners, their parents, or others in their behalf in exchange for
requested concessions, especially if undeserved,
B. A teacher shall not inflict corporal punishment or offending learners nor make deductions from their scholastic
ratings as a punishment for acts which are clearly not manifestation of poor scholarship.
 C. In a situation where mutual attraction and subsequent love develop between teacher and the learner, the teacher
shall exercise utmost professional discretion to avoid scandal, gossip, and preferential treatment of the learner.
D. A teacher shall maintain at all ties a dignified personality, which could serve as model worthy of emulation by
learners, peers and others.
106. In the light of the modern concept of teaching, which is a characteristic of effective teaching?
A. pouring information to the learners
B. allowing learners to learn on their own
C. developing abilities to address the future
D. removing the physical presence of the teacher
107. One facet of understanding, an evidence of learning is perspective. Which is an indicator of perspective?
A. A bright student refuses to consider that there is another correct solution to the problem apart from hers.
B. A student explains the arguments for and against the acquittal of Hubert Webb and group.
C. A teacher cannot accept opinions different from hers.
D. A mother cannot understand why her child's performance is below par.
108. Which among the indicators could be most useful for assessing quality of schooling?
A. participation rate
B. cohort survival rate
C. net enrollment rate
D. drop-out rate
109. The discrimination index of a test item is +0.48. What does this mean?
A. An equal number from the lower and upper group got the item correctly.
B. More from the upper group got the item wrongly.
C. More from the lower group got the item correctly.
D. More from the upper group got the item correctly.
110. Which of the following is NOT an example of a teacher’s nonverbal communication?
A. eye contact
B. gestures
C. pauses
D. voice
111. Which is a valid assessment tool if you want to find out how well your students can speak extemporaneously?
A. performance test in extemporaneous speaking
B. written quiz on how to deliver extemporaneous speech
C. display of speeches delivered
D. writing speeches
112. Professionalization of teachers and teaching as promulgated in Presidential Decree No. 1006, defines teaching as
profession concerned with classroom institution ______.
A. by teachers on fulltime basis
B. at the tertiary level in both public and private institutions
C. at the elementary and secondary levels in both public and private schools
D. by teachers of permanent status
113. Teacher U asked her pupils to create a story out of the given pictures. Which projective technique did Teacher U
use?
A. Rorschach test
B. narrative
C. thematic apperception test
D. reflective
114. The Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers stipulates that educational institutions shall offer quality education for
all Filipino citizens. How is quality education defined in R.A. 9155?
A. Relevance and excellence of education are emphasized to meet the needs and aspirations of an individual and
society.
B. All school-aged children should be provided free and compulsory education.
C. Children with special needs should be mainstreamed with regular classes in the public schools.
D. Public and private basic education schools should provide relevant education.
115. Teacher A discovered that his pupils are very good in dramatizing. Which tool must have helped him discover his
pupils’ strength?
A. Portfolio assessment
B. Performance test
C. Journal entry
D. Paper-and-pencil test
116. Which appropriate teaching practice flows from this research finding on the brain: The brain's emotional center is
tied into its ability to learn.
A. Create a learning environment that encourages students to explore their feelings and ideas freely.
B. Come up with highly competitive games where winners will feel happy.
C. Tell students to participate in class activities or else won't receive plus points in class recitation. D. To establish
discipline, be judgmental in attitude.
117. Your percentile rank in class is 60%. What does this mean?
A. You got 40% of the test items wrongly.
B. You scored less than 60% of the class.
C. You got 60% of the test items correctly.
D. You scored better than 60% of the class.
118. Which test item is in the highest level of Bloom's taxonomy of objectives?
A. Explain how a tree functions in relation to the ecosystem.
B. Explain how trees receive nutrients.
C. Rate three different methods of controlling tree growth.
D. Write a paragraph that observes coherence, unity, and variety.
119. In qualitative social and behavioral studies, "the investigator is a part of the study." What are implied in this
statement?
I. The researcher processes and analyzes the data himself.
II Data interpretation depends on the orientation of the researcher.
III. The investigator is the only source of information.
IV. Data gathering may be done by others but the analysis is done by the researcher.
A. I and IV
B. II and III
C. I, II, and IV
D. I, II, III, and IV
120. The observable manifestation of student's feelings, thoughts, or attitude are summed up as behavior. Every high
school teacher is expected to contribute to the assessment of the student's behavior but the grade is reflected in _____.
A. Good Manners and Right Conduct
B. Values Education
C. co-curricular activities
D. curricular activities
121. Which must be present for self-evaluation to succeed?
 A. consensus between teacher and student regarding evaluation results
B. teacher's approval of self-evaluation results
C. teacher's monitoring of self-evaluation process
D. student's intrinsic motivation to learn
122. The instructions for a test are made simple, clear and concise. This is part of which of the following characteristics
of a good test?
A. objectivity
B. economy
C. administrability
D. scorability
123. What is the mean of this score distribution: 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10?
A. 7
B. 6
C. 8.5
D. 7.5
124. The Early Childhood Care and Development Act provides for the promotion of the rights of children for survival and
development. Which of the following statements is not among its objectives?
A. Enhance the role of parents as the primary caregivers and educators of their children form birth onward.
B. Facilitate a smooth transition from care and education provided at home to community or school-based setting and
primary schools.
C. Assist the LGUs in their endeavor to prepare the child for adulthood.
D. Enhance the physical, social, emotional, cognitive, psychological, spiritual, and language development of young
children.
125. Which of the following represents a minuscule curriculum?
A. textbook that learners use
B. lesson plan that teachers prepare
C. reference materials that supplement the text
D. lecture notes of the teacher
126. Bernadette enjoyed the roller coaster when they went to Enchanted Kingdom. Just at the sight of a roller coaster,
she gets excited. Which theory explains Bernadette's behavior?
A. operant conditioning
B. attribution theory
C. Pavlovian conditioning
D. social learning theory
127. What objectives do effective leaders foster?
I. Attainable
II.Measurable
III.Results-oriented
IV. Specific
V. Time-bound
A. II, III, and IV
B. I, II, III, IV, and V
C. I, IV, and V
D. I, II, III, and IV
128. Thomasites are _____.
A. the soldiers who doubted the success of the public educational system to be set in the Philippines
 B. the first American teacher recruits to help establish the public educational system in the Philippines
C. the first religious group who came to the Philippines on board the US transport named Thomas.
D. the devotees of St. Thomas Aquinas who came to evangelize
129. Which is an underlying assumption of the social cognitive theory?
A. People are social by nature.
B. People learn by observing others.
C. People learn by trial-and-error.
D. People learn by association.
130. Researchers found that when a child is engaged in a learning experience, a number of areas of the brain are
simultaneously activated. What is an application of this in the teaching-learning process?
I. Make use of field trips, guest speakers
II. Do multicultural units of study
III. Stick to the "left brain and right brain" approach
A. II only
B. I only
C. I and III
D. I and II
131. Here is a score distribution: 98, 93, 93, 93, 90, 88, 87, 85, 85, 85, 70, 51, 34, 34, 34, 20, 18, 15, 12, 9, 8, 6, 3, 1.
Which is the range?
A. 93
B. 85
C. 97
D. between 51 and 34
132. Which tool should a teacher use if she wants to locate areas which are adversely affecting the performance of a
significant number of students?
A. problem checklist
B. self-report technique
C. autobiography
D. cumulative record
133. Which activity works best with self-expressive people?
A. metaphors
B. kinesthetic activities
C. inquiry
D. independent study
134. centralization : Education Act of 1901 :: decentralization : _____
A. R.A. 9155
B. R.A. 9293
C. R.A. 7836
D. R.A. 7722
135. Piagetian tasks state that thinking becomes more logical and abstract as children reach the formal operations stage.
What is an educational implication of this finding?
A. Expect hypothetical reasoning from learners between 12 to 15 years of age.
B. Engage children in analogical reasoning as early as preschool to train them for HOTS.
C. Learners who are not capable of logical reasoning from ages 8 to 11 lag behind in their cognitive development.
D. Let children be children.
136. This embodies the teacher’s duties and responsibilities as well as proper behavior in performing them.
A. Code of Ethics for Teachers
B. Magna Carta for Public School Teachers
C. Bill of Rights
D. Philippine Constitution of 1987
137. The class was asked to share their insights about the poem. The ability to come up with an insight stems from the
ability to _____.
A. comprehend the subject that is being studied
B. analyze the parts of a whole
C. evaluate the worthiness of a thing
D. relate and organize things and ideas
138. Which is not a characteristic of authentic assessment?
A. focused on lifelike, meaningful, relevant types of student learning
B. offers opportunities to study problem intensively
C. easy to complete
D. fruitful in terms of genuine learning
139. Schools should develop in the students the ability to adapt to a changing world. This is adhereance to the
philosophy of _____.
A. essentialism
B. perennialism
C. progressivism
D. reconstructionism
140. The teacher’s first task in the selection of media in teaching is to determine the ______.
A. choice of the students
B. availability of the media
C. objectives of the lesson
D. technique to be used
141. With which goals of educational institutions as provided for by the Constitution is the development of work skills
aligned?
A. To develop moral character
B. To teach the duties of citizenship
C. To inculcate love of country
D. To develop vocational efficiency
142. Median is to point as standard deviation is to _____.
A. area
B. volume
C. distance
D. square
143. Who is the forerunner of the presence of the Language Acquisition Device?
A. Watson
B. Chomsky
C. Gardner
D. Piaget
144. Which of the following statements best describes metacognition as a strategy for curriculum augmentation?
A. It is learning how to learn and thinking about how one thinks.
B. It is learning strategies for success.
C. It is learning through interaction with the environment.
D. It is learning through computer-aided instruction.
145. Which psychological theory states that the mind insists on finding patterns in things that contribute to the
development of insight?
A. Piaget's psychology
B. Kohlberg's psychology
C. Gestalt psychology
D. Bruner's psychology
146. Which is not a characteristic of an analytic learner?
A. learns whole to part
B. enjoys memorizing
C. works on details
D. sequences objects in order
147. The concepts of trust vs. maturity, autonomy vs. self-doubt, and initiative vs. guilt are most closely related with the
works of __________.
A. Erikson
B. Piaget
C. Freud
D. Jung
148. Ask to do a learning task, Joe hesitates and says "Mahirap. Ayaw ko. 'Di ko kaya!" (It's difficult. I don't like it. I can't
do it.) Is it possible to motivate this type of student?
A. Yes, he can do something with his ability.
B. Yes, he can change the nature of the job.
C. No, it is impossible to motivate a student who himself is not motivated.
D. No, motivation is totally dependent on the student. No person outside him can influence him.
149. As of the Republic Act 7836 the licensure exam for teachers is with the _____.
A. Commission on Higher Education
B. Professional Regulation Commission
C. Department of Education
D. Civil Service Commission
150. Filipinization is violated if _____.
A. an educational institution is owned by a corporation of which 40% of the capital is owned by Filipino Citizens
B. an educational institution owned by a religious order
C. an American serving as president of the educational institution
D. an educational institution owned by a charitable institution
Answer Key
1. B
2. B
3. A
4. C
5. A
6. A
7. D
8. A
9. C
10. C
11. D
12. B
13. C
14. B
15. D
16. C
17. A
18. C
19. D
20. A
21. B
22. C
23. C
24. B
25. A
26. A
27. D
28. D
29. A
30. B
31. C
32. A
33. C
34. B
35. D
36. C
37. B
38. D
39. D
40. A
41. B
42. D
43. A
44. C
45. A
46. B
47. A
48. D
49. D
50. D
51. B
52. B
53. A
54. C
55. C
56. A
57. A
58. A
59. C
60. A
61. A
62. B
63. B
64. B
65. B
66. C
67. B
68. B
69. A
70. A
71. A
72. B
73. C
74. B
75. D
76. A
77. A
78. A
79. C
80. B
81. B
82. A
83. B
84. C
85. B
86. C
87. C
88. B
89. B
90. C
91. C
92. C
93. D
94. D
95. A
96. B
97. C
98. A
99. B
100. A
101. B
102. B
103. A
104. A
105. D
106. B
107. B
108. B
109. D
110. D
111. A
112. C
113. C
114. A
115. B
116. A
117. D
118. D
119. A
120. B
121. D
122. C
123. A
124. C
125. B
126. C
127. B
128. C
129. B
130. D
131. C
132. A
133. B
134. A
135. A
136. A
137. D
138. C
139. D
140. C
141. D
142. B
143. D
144. A
145. C
146. A
147. A
148. A
149. B
150. C

PROPONENTS

1.Wilhelm Wundt=Father of modern psychology ( pasearch nito medyo confuse ito)

2.Sigmund Freud=Father of psychoanalysis,

psycho sexual Theory

3.Johann Heinrich=Father of education and

pedagogy

4.Ivan Pavlov=classical conditioning

5.Burrhus F. Skinner=operant conditioning(in

strument)

6.Edward Lee Thorndike=Law of learning (law of

readiness, law of exercise & law of effect)

7.Albert Bandura=social cognitive learning

theory(Modelling)

8.David Ausubel=meaningful learning

9.Jerome Bruner=Discovery Learning,Spiral

Curriculum

10.Wolfgang,Kohler,Kurt Kuffka,Max

Wertheimer=Gestalt Theory

11.Kurt Levin=life space concept

12.Kohler=problem solving by Insight

13.Urie Brofenbrenner=Ecological Theory

14.Sandra Bem=Gender Schema Theory

15.Howard Gardner=Theory of multiple

intelligence

16.Elliot Turriel=Social Domain Theory

17.Robert Sternberg=TriarchicTheory

Intelligence

18.Lawrence Kohlberg=Moral Development

Theory

19.Erik Erikson=Psychosocial Development

Theory

20.Ma. Montessori= Transfer of Learning

21.Edward Paul Torrance=Creative Problem

Solving

22.Chomsky=Linguistic Aquisition Development

(LAD)

23.Jean Piaget=Cognitive Learning Theory

24.John Watson=Behavioral Theory

25.Edward Tolman=Purposive Behaviorism

26.Bernard Weiner=Attribution Theory

27.Daniel Goleman=Emotional Intelligence

Notable Names in Education

• Socrates- " know thy self "

• Plato- wrote the " Republic"

• Aristotle- Father of Modern Sciences

• Cicero-wrote the " Oratore"

• Quintillian- wrote " Institution Oratoria" he was a famous grammaticus

• Anselm- Father of Scholasticism

• Abelard- spearheaded Conceptualism

• St.Tomas Aquinas- wrote " Summa Theologiae

• Erasmus - suggested that education be in accordance with the needa of society,he was a humanist who advocated the
importance of studying the character of the child.

• Ascham- wrote the " Schoolmaster" condemning brutal punishment in English Schools during his time .

• John Amos Comenius- Fath

PHILOSOPHICAL FOUNDATIONS OF EDUCATION

● IDEALISM 👉 Plato (own ideas) nothing exist except in the mind of a man/ what we want the world to be

● REALISM 👉 Aristotle;Herbart; Comenius; Pestalozzi; Montessori; Hobbes; Bacon; Locke

▶ (experience) fully mastery of knowledge

● BEHAVIORISM 👉 always guided by standards/by procedure; purpose is to modify the behavior

● EXISTENTIALISM 👉 Kierkegaard; Sartre; "Man shapes his being as he lives"

▶Focuses on self/individual

● PRAGMATISM/EXPERIMENTALISM 👉William James; John Dewey - learn from experiences through interaction to the
environment
▶Emphasizes the needs and interests of the children

● PERENNIALISM 👉 Robert Hutchins

▶focuses on unchanging/universal truths

● ESSENTIALISM 👉 William Bagley - teaching the basic/essential knowledge

▶ Focuses on basic skills and knowledge

● PROGRESSIVISM 👉 Dewey/Pestalozzi (process of development)

▶focuses on the whole child and the cultivation of individuality

● CONSTRUCTIVISM👉Jean Piaget
▶Focused on how humans make meaning in relation to the interaction b/w their experiences and their ideas. Nature of
knowledge w/c represents an epistemological stance.
● SOCIAL RECONSTRUCTIONISM 👉 George Counts - recognized that education was the means of preparing people for
creating his new social order
▶highlights social reform as the aim of education

➡ ACCULTURATION - learning other culture; the passing of customs, beliefs and tradition through interaction and
reading.

➡ ENCULTURATION - the passing of group's custom, beliefs and traditions from one generation to the next generation

➡ Convergent questions - are those that typically have one correct answer.

➡ Divergent questions - also called open-ended questions are used to encourage many answers and generate greater
participation of students. Higher order thinking skills; to think more creatively.

➡ 90 days - enrolled bills becomes a law

➡ 30 days - "lapse"

1. Which Republic Act provides government assistance to students and teachers in private education?
a. RA 7836 c. RA 6728
b. RA 7784 d. RA 6675

2. In the preamble of the CODE of ethics for Professional Teachers, which of the following teacher descriptions is
included in the Code of Ethics for Professional Teachers?
a. A. With satisfactory teaching performance
b. Passed the licensure exams for teachers
c. Duly licensed professional
d. Persons of dignity and reputation

3. Which stage according to Erickson is the stage of trust and mistrust?

a. Young adulthood c. Adolescence
b. Early childhood d. Infancy

4. In the history of education system, including that of the Philippines, which system was first and last remained a
partner of other systems of education?
a. Formal b. Non-formal c. Informal d. Pre-school

5. Who among the following subscribe to the theory that the good, the true and the beautiful are universally valid in all
places at all times?
a. Realists and idealists
b. Realist and existentialists
c. Pragmatists and idealists
d. Pragmatists and realists
6. The 1987 Constitution mandates the state to encourage among others self-learning, independent and out-of-school
study programs particularly those that respond to community needs. Which is an off shoot of this mandate?
a. Institutionalization of early childhood care and development
b. Principal empowerment program
c. Multi-grade teaching
d. Practices of community-based learning

7. Authors claim that education is given greater in the 1987 Philippine Constitution than in the past Constitution. Which
article provision on education is found only in the 1987 Constitution?
a. Support to teacher education
b. Provision on assigning the highest budget priority to education
c. The establishment of the integrated system of education
d. The creation of CHED

8. According to Hurlock, studies of children’s play revealed that toy play reaches its peak during the
a. Middle childhood years
b. Early childhood years
c. Babyhood
d. Late childhood

9. In a DECS memorandum issued last 1998, the new name for multi-grade class is:
a. A.Friendly school c. Paaralan ng bahay
b. School-of-the-future d. Escuela nueva

10. The student-centered curriculum belongs to which group of educators?

a. Reconstructionist-Essentialist
b. Progressivist, Perennialist
c. Perennialist, Essentialist
d. Progressivist, Reconstructionist

11. Daniel Goleman talks about emotional intelligence. Which of the following characterize a student with a high degree
of emotional intelligence?
a. Sensitive to points of view and feeling of others
b. Prodded by others
c. Obsessed with achieving at any cost
d. Unable to delay gratification

12. The history of curriculum development includes the hidden curriculum approach. Which is the content emphasis of
the hidden curriculum?
a. Students experiences and activities
b. Implicit processes and social norms
c. Student needs and interest
d. Introspection and choice

13. Teacher T is concerned with conceptual matters since reality is mental teacher T’s thinking is quite-
a. Realistic c. Existential
b. Pragmatic d. Idealistic

14. The authoritarian setting in the Filipino home is reinforced by a classroom teacher who-
a. Asks open –ended questions
b. Encourages pupils to ask questions
c. Prescribes what pupils should do
d. Is open to suggestions

15. A number of researches found that the effects of maternal employment on children’s achievement are-
a. Hardly established
b. Positive and negative
c. Fully established
d. Negative

16. Which one correctly describes the phenomenon of latchkey children?

a. They turn to empty homes after school either to sit by the television or to roam the streets
b. They are truant school children
c. They are engaged in child labor
d. They are engaged in child labor

17. Teacher Q regards the student as a spiritual entity and as part of the larger spiritual universe. To what philosophy
does teacher Q subscribe?
a. Idealism c. Realism
b. Existentialism d. Pragmatism

18. The 1987 Constitution mandates the state to assign the highest budgetary priority to-
a. Health c. Social work
b. Education d. Defense

19. Moral development in early childhood is characterized by-

a. Questioning rules
b. Willful disobedience of rules
c. Acting out of conviction
d. Acting without knowing why they do so

20. According to Piaget, by adolescence boys and girls must have reached what stage?
a. Concrete operations stage
b. Sensorimotor stage
c. Formal operations stage
d. Pre-operational stage

21. Ruth dances well. She can figure out how something works or how to fix something that is broken, without asking for
help. Based on Garden’s theory of multiple intelligence under what intelligence is she strong?
a. Musical
b. Logical-mathematical
c. Spatial intelligence
d. Kinesthetic intelligence

22. Who among the following believes that learning requires disciplined attention regular homework, and respect for
legitimate authority?
a. Reconstructionist c. Essetialist
b. Perennialist d. Progressivist

23. Which developmental task is expected of the adolescent according to havughurst?

a. Achieving new and more mature relations with age-mates of both sexes
b. Skilled games
c. Getting started in an occupation
d. Learning to get along with age-mates

24. Mr. Roy wants his pupils to be creative. Which of the following will he REFRAIN from doing?
a. Heighten the student’s sense of unusual
b. Develops students’ ability to recognize and analyze problems and relationships
c. Encourage sustained attention in an area of interest
d. Develop solely skill mastery

25. The creation of Student’s Loan Fund to give equal opportunity to all persons who desire to pursue higher education
is the essence of:
a. RA 6014 c. RA 6655
b. RA 7836 d. RA 7784

26. In his/her teaching, Teacher D moves from particular instances to tentative generalizations that are Subjected to
further verification . Teacher D engages himself/herself in:
a. Intuition
b. Inductive logic
c. Deductive logic
d. Philosophical analysis

27. Which of the correct statement of emotional intelligence is based on Daniel Goleman’s theory?
a. Emotional intelligence is feeling approximately and effectively
b. Emotional intelligence id being nice to people
c. Emotional intelligence is giving free rein to feeling
d. Emotional intelligence changes less considerably than IQ through life.

28. Which of the following is not a subject-centered curriculum?

a. Perennialist c. Values-centered
b. Back-to-basics d. Subject area

29. Which program is assisted financially by the World Bank and OECF and is meant for the improvement of elementary
education in the SRA provinces?
a. Program for Decentralized Education
b. First Elementary Education Project
c. Kinesthetic intelligence
d. Second Elementary Education Project
30. Mr. Z, A fifty-five year old American citizen, even though very educationally qualified to be president an educational
institution in third country cannot be appointed as President because: He_____
a. Does not belong to a religious group
b. Is nearing retirement
c. Is not Filipino Citizen
d. Is not an official of a corporation

31. Which of the following is not a hazard to the mastery of developmental tasks?
a. Unfavorable social judgment
b. Bypassing of stage of development as a result of failure to master the tasks for that stage of development
c. Crisis when individuals pass from on stage to another
d. Inappropriate or impossible expectations

32. Teacher U emphasizes to her students the importance of deep personal reflection on one’s commitments and
choices. Teacher U subscribes to which Philosophy?
a. Realism c. Existentialism
b. Idealism d. Pragmatism

33. The constitutional provision on language has the following aims, Except:
a. To make Filipino the national language and medium of instruction and official communication
b. To make the regional dialect as auxiliary media of instructions in regional schools
c. To make Filipino the sole medium of instruction
d. To maintain English as a second language

34. Which periods in the life span of an individual are characterized by growth spurt?
a. Early childhood and adolescence
b. Prenatal period and early childhood
c. Early childhood
d. Pre-natal and puberty

35. The introduction of non-formal education in line with the Constitutional Provision on:
a. Protection of teachers
b. Promoting the rights of all citizens to make quality education accessible to all
c. Optional religious instructions
d. Promoting the rights of all citizens to quality education at all levels

36. Teacher X is often times frustrated. The students in her class hardly volunteer to recite and to do other learning-
related task. This is a proof of the Filipino’s:
a. Sense of humor
b. Lack of resourcefulness
c. Lack of reflection
d. Passivity and lack of initiative

37. The tendency to emphasize so much on school beautification to the detriment of pupil’s performance illustrated the:
a. Filipino’s sense of humor
b. Filipino’s lack of reflection
c. Filipino’s love for “ Porma” at the expense of substance
d. Filipino’s lack of seriousness

38. A president body to study Philippines education created by virtue of Executive Order No. 46 during the incumbency
of DECS secretary Andrew Gonzales with an aim to study Philippine Education is the:
a. Presidential Commission on Educational Reform
b. Philippine Commission to Survey Philippine Education
c. Survey to outcomes of elementary Education
d. Commission on Philippine Education

39. Which is a danger signal of adolescent mal-adjustment?

a. Inappropriate body-build
b. Irresponsibility as shown in neglect of studies in favor of having a good time
c. Attraction to the opposite sex
d. Prolonged treatment as children

40. To democratize access to secondary education, public secondary education was made free. In whose presidency was
this implemented?
a. Ferdinand Marcos c. Corazon Aquino
b. Joseph Estrada d. Fidel Ramos

41. Which is not a characteristic of democratic discipline?

a. Child obeys blindly
b. Child understands the meaning of rules
c. Child is given punishment us related to the misdeed
d. Child has opportunity to express his/her opinion

42. The three A’s of happiness according to Hurlock are:

a. Adjustments, affection, altruism
b. Attitude, ability, adjustment
c. Acceptance, affection, and achievement
d. Affection, ability, attitude
43. Babyhood is often referred to as a “ Critical period” in the development of personality because:
a. At this time the foundations are laid upon which the adult personality structure will be built
b. Changes in the personality pattern take place
c. The brain grows and develops at such an accelerated rate during babyhood
d. At this time the baby is exposed to many hazards both physical and psychological

44. Who among the following stressed the processes of experiences and problem solving?
a. Plato c. Dewey
b. Hegel d. Aristotle

45. Teacher L believes that creation of knowledge in by way of the learners’ interaction with their environment. Teacher
L is more of:
a. An idealist c. An existentialis
b. A pragmatist d. A realist

46. To reach out clientele who cannot be in the classroom for one reason or another, which of the following was
established
a. Non-formal education
b. Informal education
c. Pre-school education
d. formal education

47. The encouragement of self-learning, independent, and out-of-school study programs as stated in the 1987
constitution has given rise to:
a. The implementation of open universities and distance learning programs
b. Institutionalization of early childhood care and development
c. The conduct of NEAT and NSAT
d. The clamor for a Grade VII

48. Which of the following statement on developmental tasks is wrong?

a. Failure to master developmental tasks at a certain developmental stage has far reaching consequences in a person’s
development
b. The mastery of development tasks is a result of physical maturation, societal pressure and individual’s aspiration
c. There are essential skills expected to be acquired and mastered in each developmental stage
d. Retirees are not expected to work on mastering certain develop mental tasks

49. The 1987 Philippines Constitution states the following, Except:

a. The official languages of the Philippines are Filipino and English
b. The national language of the Philippines is Filipino
c. Filipino is the Tagalog of the Tagalog –speaking provinces
d. The government shall initiate and sustain the use of Filipino as a medium of official communication and as a language
of instruction in the education system

50. Which among the following has been said to play an irreplaceable role in the education of the young?
a. Community c. Church
b. School d. Home

51. For the drill method to be effective there should be:

a. Much practice on a few skills
b. Little practices on few skills
c. Much practice on many skills
d. Little practice on many skills

52. Which of the following classroom management practices runs counter to the reality therapy approach of William
Glasser?
a. The teacher asks a misbehaving student what he or she is doing
b. Teacher requires the students to prepare a plan in writing and sign it as means of increasing personal motivation to
maintain and fulfill the plan
c. The teacher evaluates pupil’s behavior as good or bad
d. Teacher assists the students in making realistic plans to change behavior

53. Which of the following does not apply to mastery learning?

a. It makes use of varied instructional time for different groups of students
b. It makes use of norm-reference tests
c. It is effective in teaching basic skills
d. It requires the use of carefully crafted instructional objective

54. The teacher’s role in problem solving methods is:

a. To test the conclusions
b. To set up the problem
c. To propose ways of obtaining the needed data
d. To help the learners what is it that is being solved

55. To nurture creativity in student, teacher should:

a. Vary the length and difficulty of question
b. Allow for one-minute wait-time
c. Ask convergent questions
d. Emphasize the necessity of giving right answers

56. The content of a good lesson plan is self-sufficient. This means that:
a. The content should match with student’s aptitude
b. The content should help students learn how to learn
c. The content should be broad and treated thoroughly
d. The content should be verifiable

57. Which one can NOT help individuals reduce their own fears about change?
a. Reflect on the extent of change in one’s life so far and how it has coped with
b. Identify shortfalls in skills or knowledge and take action to remedy them
c. Identify skills which will be useful in a new situation
d. Keep feeling of anxiety to themselves

58. The following are generating thinking skills, Except:

a. Connecting new ideas c. Classifying
b. Predicting d. Inferring

59. Mrs. Valdez wants to generates as many ideas as she can as the class is about to embark on a community outreach
program. Which of the following will she employ?
a. role playing c. brainwashing
b. brainstorming d. simulation

60. Which teaching practice will most likely decrease learner’s attention?
a. Questioning
b. Assessing learning as an integral part of instruction
c. Assessing learning as an integral part of instruction
d. Teaching by telling
61. For efficiency, if in the process of teaching a teacher realizes that too little has been planned, which of the following
may she NOT do?
a. Discuss possible problems of the new assignment.
b. Pose additional questions to explore various facets of the content
c. Drill the students on the major points of the lesson.
d. Give a quiz

62. Correct practice makes perfect. This maxim is based on Thorndike’s law of exercise and the finding that
reinforcement of a response increases the likelihood its occurrence. Whose research finding is the underlined
statement?
a. Skinner c. Palo
b. Bruner d. Lewin

63. Here is a lesson objective: Given a microscope and a slide, the students must be able to focus the prepared slide.
Applying Robert F. Mager’s principle, which does this lesson objective lack?
a. Criterion measure c. Performance
b. Condition d. time element

64. Which is a focusing thinking skill?

a. Identifying key concepts
b. Summarizing
c. Obtaining information
d. Clarifying through inquiry

65. In the use of television in the classroom, which of the following should be avoided?
a. The TV program lasts the whole class period.
b. There is a pre-viewing orientation
c. Select programs that match the learners’ level of interest and maturity
d. Life should be left on if students are to take notes

66. Based on Victor Lowenfield’s classification, which sequence in the developmental stages of children in art is
followed?
a. Scribbling stage, pre-schematic stage, schematic stage, dawning realism stage, pseudo-realistic stage
b. Scribbling stage, pre-schematic stage, schematic stage, pseudorealistic stage, dawning realism stage
c. Pre-schematic stage, schematic stage, scribbling stage, pseudorealistic stage, dawning realism stage
d. Pre-schematic, schematic stage, scribbling dawning realism stage, pseudo-realistic stage

67. In relation to teacher’s ratings research suggests the following, Except one:
a. Teachers favor self-evaluation over all other forms of evaluation
b. Peer and supervisory evaluation are not reliable
c. Student raters of teachers are more reliable and valid than other raters
d. Student work and test outcomes are supplementary sources for evaluating teachers

68. Suppose defined 3 levels of computer-assisted instruction: dialogue, tutoring, practice-drill. Which ones are two
higher levels in the correct order?
a. Tutoring and dialogue
b. Practices-drill and tutoring
c. Dialogue and tutoring
d. Practice-drill and dialogue

69. In what condition is the use of the lecture method appropriate?

a. Higher cognitive learning is sought
b. The information is not available
c. The subject matter is quite easy
d. Long term learning is desired

70. Which refers to the time when students learn at a maximum level?
a. Wait time c. Allocated time
b. Engaged time d. Academic learning time

71. What is a sign of the underachiever in the classroom?

a. Resist authority and carry on a power struggle with a teacher.
b. Holds back from class participant unless sure of self
c. Frustrated about quality of work
d. Minimum work output.

72. If after calling on a number of students, a teacher is unable to obtain the desired response, what should teacher do
a. Ask leading questions
b. Re-teach parts of the lesson that need re-teaching
c. Probe student’s answers.
d. Rephrase the questions

73. For global competitiveness, a school must embark on a proactive change. Which one is a characteristic of proactive
change?
a. radical and inventive c. late in the game
b. imitative of others d. problem-driven

74. Which guideline on the use of the chalkboard should a teacher AVOID?
a. Establish routine uses for the chalkboard
b. While writing, proceed from right to left
c. Don’t talk to the chalkboard while writing on it
d. Limit your board writing to major ideas

75. To teach the democratic process to the pupils, Mabuhay Elementary School decided that the election of class and
school officers shall be patterned after local election of the class and school officers shall be patterned after local
election process. There are qualifications set for candidates, limited period for campaign and rules for postingcampaign
materials, etc. Which of the following did the school use?
a. Simulation c. Role playing
b. Philips 66 d. Symposium

76. Which is NOT a characteristic of preventive discipline.

a. Proactive c. Inventive
b. Anticipatory d. Reactive.

77. One criterion that has been proposed in the selection and organization of content in the development section of a
lesson plan is balance. When does lesson content possess balance.
a. The content should have practical application for the learners
b. The content is not cluttered by masses of more trivial content
c. The content should enable the learners to experience the broad sweep of content and give them the opportunity to
go deeper
d. The content should help student learns how to learn

78. The burnout malady gets worse if a teacher doesn’t intervene to change whatever areas he or she can control.
Which one can renew a teachers enthusiasm.
a. Engage in self-pity
b. Stick to the job
c. Judge someone else as wrong
d. Initiate changes in job.

79. Although learning can take place anywhere and anytime, the more systematic the teacher, the greater the
probability for success. This points out the need for teachers to:
a. Specify their objectives
b. Plan their lessons
c. Set their teaching priorities
d. Select their instructional materials

80. Below are teachers effective classroom management practices, Except One.
a. Teachers make sure students understand and follow rules and procedures
b. Disruptive behavior is handled every weekend
c. Teachers clearly establish consequences for not following rules
d. Teachers spend more time in the beginning of the year explaining and reminding students of rules.

81. A teacher’s summary of a lesson serves the following functions except;

a. It links the parts of the less
b. It makes provisions for full participation of the students
c. It clinches the basic ideas or concepts of the lesson
d. It brings together the information that has been discussed

82. Which ones are projected visuals?

a. Graphs on a book c. Realias
b. Models d. Slides

83. The lesson is on the pros and cons of capital punishment. Mr. Milan wants to do high level thinking and to develop a
view of capital punishment from a different perspective. Which technique will be most appropriate?
a. Lecture c. Role playing
b. Simulation d. Panel discussion
84. Which is used to emphasize individualized instruction?
a. Tutorial group c. Inquiry group
b. Philips 66 d. Task group

85. Here a question: FROM THE DATA PRESENTED FORM GENERALIZATIONS THAT ARE SUPPORTED BY THE DATA. Under
what type of question does this test item fall?
a. Evaluate c. Divergent
b. Convergent d. Application

86. Ms. Estira cannot bring her pupils to the sea for a lesson on marine community. Which of the following will be closest
to an actual experience of marine community?
a. Motion picture on marine community
b. Description of marine community
c. Pictures of marine community
d. Taped lesson of marine community

87. Which can NoT help organizations reduces fears about change?
a. By training people in new skills
b. By keeping people informed about plans
c. By cladestine moves
d. By consultation

88. After a lesson in air pollution, teacher C gives each pupil mimeographed sheets, which contain statements to which
each is expected to react. Examples of these statements are. Do you in any way contribute to air pollution? What
solutions do you propose to minimize, if not eliminate, air pollution. Then the students are grouped for sharing.
In this case what does the teacher make use of
a. Value sheet c. Rank ordering
b. Conflict story d. Contrived incident

89. Which orders consist of the goal-oriented instructional model?

a. Pre-assessment, specification of objectives, pre-assessment, instruction, evaluation
b. Specification of objectives, pre-assessment, instruction evaluation
c. Pre-assessment, specification of objectives, instruction, evaluation
d. Specification of objectives, evaluation, pre-assessment, instruction

90. Teacher B’s lesson was on abortion. She wanted to get her student’s maximum participation and reaction. She
showed slides on abortion accompanied by an audiotape that presented the reasons for and against abortion. Teacher
took a stand in favor of abortion and came up with all her justifications. At the end, however, she made clear her stand
on abortion. Which did the teacher use?
a. She made use of value clarifying discussion
b. She made use of contrived incident
c. She made use of simulation
d. She played the role of the devil’s advocate

91. In on of the pages of her reference material, Ms. Estrada finds the life cycle of a frog. Assuming that the following are
available to her, the quickest way to effectively present the life cycle of a frog to the class is by way of
a. An overhead projector
b. An opaque projector
c. Describing the life cycle
d. A drawing on the chalkboard

92. Below are questions that must be considered in developing appropriate learning activities/ experience, Except one
a. Do the experiences encourage pupils to inquire further?
b. Do the experiences save the pupils from learning difficulties?
c. Can be experiences profit the pupils?
d. Are the experiences in accordance with an increasing amount of learning?

93. Which order of the senses goes with an increasing amount of learning?
a. Sight, hearing, touch, taste and smell
b. Taste and smell, sight , touch, hearing
c. Taste and smell, touch, sight, hearing
d. Taste and smell, touch, hearing, sight

94. Which of the following statements on peer tutoring is true?

a. Teacher has time with more severe learning problems
b. The atmosphere is threatening
c. The social skills of pear tutors are not enhanced
d. the peer tutor’s achievement goes down

95. A lesson in Philippines history was presented by Mrs. Palaroan by making her class view a videotape on EDSA
revolution. The videotape which Mrs. Palaroan used in class points to what property of instructional media?
a. Manipulative c. Fixative
b. Multi-sensory d. Distributive

96. Read the following teacher-student- situation. Teacher: Why is the process called photosynthesis? Student: I don’t
know. Which questioning technique should the teacher use?
a. Concept c. Clarification
b. Prompting d. Multiple response

97. Miss Lee’s objective is to focus student’s attention on and quickly create interest in a problem or concept. She makes
use of:
a. Task group c. Tutorial group
b. Panel discussion d. Philips 66

98. The content of the lesson must be feasible. This means that:
a. The lesson should be interesting to the student
b. The lesson must be within the capacity of the students
c. The teacher must considered the time needed and resources available
d. The lesson must be useful

99. Which questioning behavior is appropriate:

a. Not allowing a student to complete a long response
b. Repeating all student’s response
c. Allowing choral responses
d. Asking varied questions

100. Research on teacher effective practices has shown the following except:
a. Planning has title impact on student learning
b. Questioning strategies are ineffective monitoring technique
c. Teaching procedures on classroom routines early in the school year are essential
d. Directives should be few and best delivered in a casual manner

101. Teacher Y wants to measure student’s ability to organize thoughts and ideas. Which type of test is most
appropriate?
a. Objectives test
b. Limited response essay
c. Extended response essay
d. Short answer type of test

102. Which of the following refers to organized services specially designed to improve the adjustment of students?
a. Group growth sessions c. Cumulative records
b. Test profiles d. Guidance program

103. Which tests survey existing problems of academic progress?

a. Achievement tests c. Problem checklist
b. Interest inventories d. Aptitude tests

104. Which of the following statements about guidance is NOT true?

a. Guidance is a continuous process
b. Guidance is concerned with “ Whole” student, not only with his or her intellectual and academic aspect
c. Guidance is telling a student what is best for him, and advising him about what he should do
d. Guidance is primary concerned with prevention rather than cure

105. Which of the following is NOT a guidance service?

a. Psychological testing
b. Counseling
c. Observation
d. Education placement

106. Which of the following tests is given at the end of instruction?

a. Summative c. formative test
b. Placement test d. diagnostic test

107. Special or exceptional students are such in certain aspects, Except for one:
a. Sensory abilities
b. Gender orientation
c. Mental characteristics
d. Communication abilities
108. Information from achievement tests can be used in the following, Except in:
a. Grading a student
b. Labeling pupils
c. Establishing proficiency
d. Giving feedback regarding effectiveness of learning

109. Which of the following occurs when the teachers have a general tendency to rate all individuals’ performance at
approximately the same position on the rating scale?
a. Personal bias error c. Logical error
b. Halo effect d. Severity error

110. The environment must be interactive to facilitate learning, which of the following situations is an example of this?
a. The class copies a list of facts concerning the habitat of insects
b. The teacher lectures on the habitat of insects
c. The class goes out and discovers the habitat of insects
d. The teacher shows posters of the habitat of insects

111. When teachers, administrators and counselors come together to synthesize or coordinate in interpreting data
about a student for the purpose of a more intensive study, this is called
a. Longitudinal study c. Case conference
b. Case study d. Case analysis

112. Which type of test can help teachers predict the probability of success of students in certain areas or endeavors?
a. Achievement c. Aptitude
b. Intelligence d. Personality

113. Which of the following correctly describes dyslexia?

a. A. It is a developmental expressive writing disorder
b. It is a developmental arithmetic disorder
c. It is a developmental reading disorder
d. It is a developmental articulation disorder

114. Free and compulsory education as mandated in the 1987 constitution holds true for_____________
a. Elementary and secondary education
b. Education in the primary grades
c. All children of school age
d. Grade VI pupils
115. Readiness pretests is give at the beginning of an instructional unit is a:
a. Summative tests c. Placement test
b. Formative test d. Diagnostic test

116. The distribution of the scores is negatively skewed. This means that:
a. Most of the score are low
b. Most of the scores are high
c. The score are concentrated on the left of the distribution curve and most of the score are low
d. The scores are concentrated on the left of the distribution curve

117. Aside from professional competence, what other important qualification must a teacher have for guidance work?
a. Similar cultural background with the students
b. Personal qualities, such as warmth, open-mindedness, interest in people
c. Affiliation with a professional group
d. Several year of experience as teacher

118. Which of the following is meant to determine student performance at the beginning of instruction?
a. Diagnostic assessment
b. Placement assessment
c. Summative assessment
d. Summative assessment

119. Mean is to central tendency as standard deviation is to:

a. Discrimination c. Correlation
b. Level of difficulty d. Variability

120. The following characterize school guidance programs, Except one:

a. A part of every school activity
b. Separate from the general life of the school
c. A function sheared by all
d. Located in every part of the school

121. Which factor is most likely to make a school’s guidance program succeed?
a. Administrative support
b. The availability of the specialist
c. The favorable attitude of teachers toward guidance
d. Located in every part of the school

122. The results if this type of test serve as basis for remedial instruction. What is the type of test referred to?
a. Prognotic test c. Diagnostic test
b. Speed test d. Achievement test

123. The difficulty index of a test item is 1. This implies that:

a. The test item must be moderate in difficulty because 50% got the item correctly and 50% got it wrongly
b. The test item must be very difficult because nobody got the item correctly
c. The test item must be neither difficult because nor easy because this depends on the ability of the students
d. The test item must be very easy because everybody got the item correctly

124. In his conduct of item analysis Mr. Milanes discovered that a significant greater number from the lower group of
the class that from the upper group got item number 10 correctly. This implies that:
a. The test item is reliable
b. The test item has a negative discriminating power
c. The item has a positive discrimination power
d. The tests item is valid
125. Guidance is concerned with
a. All students, even if some seem not to have problems
b. Students who manifests undesirable behavior only
c. Underachieving students only
d. Students with emotional problems only

126. Which statement explains the primary focus of the non-directive approach in counseling?
a. It focuses in the person’s responsibility and capacity to discover more appropriate behavior
b. It places confidence in a person’s ability to deal with his or her needs through a realistic process
c. it helps confidence to develop a more rational to deal with his or her needs through a realistic process
d. it modifies behavior by providing appropriate learning conditions and experiences

127. An algebra test was designed to measure what the students learned at the end of the course. It was also to predict
success in future mathematics subjects. This algebra test functioned as-
a. Diagnostic and placement test
b. An aptitude test
c. An achievement test
d. An aptitude and an achievement test

128. Giftedness is a form of exceptionality. Students who fall under this category demonstrate high performance in
special areas, such as those below-
a. Athletic prowess c. General intellectual ability
b. Creative thinking d. Visual and performing arts

129. Which of the following is the least stable measure of central tendency?
a. Median and mode c. Median
b. Mode d. Mean

130. Which assessment is concerned with identifying learning difficulties during instruction
a. Summative assessment
b. Placement assessment
c. Formative assessment
d. Visual and performing arts

131. These are significant information about a student, gathered through the use of various techniques, assembled,
summarized and organized in such a way that they may be used effectively:
a. Cumulative records
b. Test profile
c. Personal inventories
d. Case studies

132. Research findings show that autism is

a. Either more prevalent among girls or among boys depending on their nationality
b. Equally prevalent among boys and girls
c. More prevalent among boys than among girls
d. More prevalent among girls than among boys

133. In interpreting test results which statements are true?

I. A raw score itself is meaningless but becomes meaningful once it is interpreted
II. An analysis of test results is useless without interpretation
III. Test result interpretation is possible without analysis
IV. The use of statistical techniques gives meaning to student’s scores
a. I, II, IV c. I, III, IV
b. I, II, III d. II, III, IV

134. This guidance service to help students carry out their plans and act on their choices so that they become adjusted
to their chosen field or career is called:
a. Counseling c. placement
b. information d. follow-up

135. The tendency for the rather to use only the lower end of rating scale in rating performance is referred to as
a. Personal bias error c. Generosity error
b. Severity error d. logical error

136. What must be employed to continuously strengthen a school guidance program

a. Assignment of responsibilities
b. research
c. Evaluation
d. Program Planning

137. Which tests are given before instruction?

a. Placement c. Summative
b. Formative d. Achievement

138. The operation “Return to the basics” saw its embodiment in the _________
a. National Elementary Achievement Test
b. New Secondary Education Curriculum
c. National Secondary Achievement Test
d. New Elementary School Curriculum

139. The following are computed difficulty indices: 1, . 80, .50, .30 which one indicates the most difficulty item?
a. 30 b. 50 c. 1 d. 80

140. Which of the following explains why the plateau phenomenon of ten found in human being does NOT exist in
animal learning experiments?
a. Animals are unable to profit from errors
b. The incentive in animal learning is constant
c. Animals have weak incentive in learning
d. Animals are unable to spurt in learning

141. All are components of remedial guidance in the classroom, Except:

a. Dealing with discipline problems
b. Dealing with poor study habits and skills
c. Dealing with underachievement
d. Dealing with career choices or vocational plans

142. Which method provides a more or less objective assessment of different aspects of an individual?
a. Home visits
b. Counseling interview
c. Observations
d. Standardized testing

143. Which of the following behavior indicates that a child has developed conventional maturity? The behavior is based
on _________
a. The desire to avoid severe physical punishment by a superior authority
b. Personal decisions based on his satisfaction
c. The expectations of the group or society in general to gain approval
d. Internalized ideals to avoid self condemnation rather than social censure

144. A school guidance program should arise mainly out of:

a. The curriculum and other programs of the school
b. The school administrator’s directives from his/her perceptions
c. The students’ needs and the problems
d. The availability of guidance resources in the schools

145. A test in which the options are dependent upon a foundation of some sort such as graphical representation,
paragraph, and pictures is:
a. Contained-options test
b. Setting-and-options test
c. Structured-response
d. Stem-and-options test

146. In the scoring of essay tests, experts advise teachers to score all answer to an easy question before going to the
next question for which reason?
a. It reduce the chances that ratings will be influenced by a halo effect
b. It is more convenient
c. It is easier to apply the criteria more uniformly when considering only a single task at a time when going from task to
task for each student
d. Checking is faster this way

147. Whose performance does stanine of 5 represent?

a. Performance of the upper 40%
b. Performance of the upper 20%
c. Performance of the lower 20%
d. Performance of the middle 20%

148. In making and reporting observations of students’ behavior, which ones should be avoided?
a. Descriptions of student’s gestures and expressions
b. The names of other students with whom the one being observed interact
c. Opinions and judgment about students
d. Direct quotations of student’s statements

149. This is the stage when the learner become confused and starts to experience identity crisis. This is the
____________
a. Late childhood stage
b. Early childhood stage
c. Early adulthood stage
d. Adolescent stage

150. All are basic functions of psychological tests EXCEPT ONE.

a. For selection or admission
b. Identification of students who need special attention
c. For promotion or acceleration
d. Integration of life experiences and future directions of students

151. Upon what shall a teacher base the evaluation of the learner’s scholarship
a. Merit, learner’s scholarship
b. Merit, quality of performance
c. Merit, attendance
d. Quality of performance, learner’s scholarship

152. The following are some of what a professional teachers may NOT do EXCEPT:
a. Accept remuneration from tutorials other than what is authorized for such service
b. Make deductions from student’s scholastic ratings as a punishment
c. Base the evaluation of the learner’s work on merit and quality of academic performance
d. Inflict corporal punishment an offending learners

153. The value of education, deference to authority, and filial piety in the Philippines in an influenced of
a. Taoist tradition c. Buddhist tradition
b. Confucianist tradition d. Hindu tradition

154. Which statement regarding teacher’s ethical behavior is wrong?

a. A teacher may not fall in love with his/her students
b. Teachers shall support one another at all times when the best interest of the learners, the school, or the profession at
stake
c. A teachers may submit to the proper authorities any justifiable criticisms against an associate
d. It is every teacher’s responsibility to seek correctives for any unprofessional and unethical conduct of any associate

155. Which is the first and foremost concern of a teacher? The interest and welfare of:
a. Learners
b. Colleagues
c. Parents
d. The teaching profession
156. The ideal society in the context of Plato is one where:
a. There is hope c. Justice reigns
b. Love prevails d. Faith matters

157. The survivors of a shipwreck are now packed in a lifeboat which may capsize unless partly deloaded. Which of the
following acts will be morally justifiable?
a. Pushing the young and old ones and leaving them behind to drown
b. Trying to save everyone as much as possible
c. Shooting some passengers and leaving them behind
d. Doing nothing and waiting for the boat to capsize

158. For the advocates of value clarification, values are

a. Universal c. Objective
b. Personal d. Unchanging

159. With regard to business, which does the Code of Ethics NOT say about teachers?
a. A teacher shall maintain a good reputation with respect to debts loans and other financial matters
b. No teachers shall be financially interested in any commercial venture involving textbooks and other school
commodities where he/she can exercise official influence
c. no teacher shall act as agent of textbooks and other school commodities where he/she can exercise official influence
d. a teacher may not engage in any kind of business

160. The more consumeristics a person is, the more he/she gets attached to this material world, the farther he is from
the universal self, the more miserable he/she becomes. This is a teaching
a. Confucianism c. Hinduism
b. Taoism d. Buddhism

161. Who believed that there should be less reliance on the school, and the world of work?
a. Paolo Freire c. Paul Goodman
b. Ivan Illich d. Jean Paul Sartre

162. Human dignity is inherent in every person. This means that

a. The inner worth of a person depends on what he has
b. The inner worth of a person depends on how he/she looks
c. The inner worth of a person depends on what he can do
d. The inner worth of a person is in him/her she looks

163. Which of the following runs counter to the development of honesty and accountability?
a. Being vigilant about weights and measures used in the markets
b. Equal payment of government employee’s productivity pay
c. Payment of just wages to workers and employees
d. Transparent in operations of the barangay and
other organizations through public reporting

164. Which are said to be our wellspring of excellence?

a. Third largest English-speaking nation, tiger economy, inventor of people’s power revolution
b. Tiger economy, superior human resources
c. Tiger largest English-speaking nation, superior human resources, inventor of people’s power revolution
d. Tiger economy, the inventor of people’s power revolution, superior, human resources

165. Which among these goals for change was proposed by the moral Recovery Program?
a. A sense of justice and outrage over its violation, a sense of national pride, a sense of seriousness
b. A sense of national guide, a sense of seriousness, sense of common good
c. A sense of national guide, a sense of seriousness, sense of national justice and outrage over its violation
d. A sense of national guide, a sense of the common good, a sense of justice and outrage over its violation

166. The code of ethics for teachers states that school officials shall encourage and attend to the professional growth of
all teachers. According to the Code school officials can do this by:
a. Giving them due recognition for meritorious performance by allowing them to participate in conferences and training
programs ecommending teachers for promotion
b. Recommending teachers for promotion, organizing teachers in a professional organization
c. Allowing them to participate in conferences and training programs
d. Organizing teachers into a professional organization, giving them due recognition for meritorious performance and
recommending teachers for promotion

167. Which thrust on value formation is intended to help the students identify and be aware of their values?
a. Analysis c. Value inculcation
b. Value clarification d. Moral development

168. The idea that there should be less reliance on the school and greater use of education potential of the community
and the world of work is the essence of:
a. Community-based education
b. Formal education
c. Multi-grade teaching
d. Mobile teaching

169. It is said that the big drama development is played out in small scenes. Which one does not serve as a further
explanation of this statement?
a. Ordinary things done by ordinary people are the solid building blocks on which a nation develops
b. Details can make a significant difference
c. Much of our personal development and progress of the nation depends on how extraordinary well we do the ordinary
things
d. Let us give attention to major things because they are the ones that matter

170. Which of the following characteristics does not apply to Plato’s just society?
a. The artists are creative
b. The leaders are wise
c. The soldiers are courageous
d. The working class are temperant

171. Martin Buber’s “ dialogic principle” requires as restructuring of society which can be achieved by:
a. Communism which cannot tolerate multiplicity and freedom
b. Fascism which cannot allow dialogue
c. Democracy which requires centralistic political set up
d. Democratic socialism which advocates a genuine dialogue life

172. Which of the following statements about society is TRUE?

a. Revolution produce the opposite of their goals
b. Ethnic cleansing leads to social unanimity
c. “ Social education “ leads to a mature society
d. Cooperative education is a means to Social education?

173. Which of the following statements defines ethics?

a. The science of correct thinking
b. The study of being a general
c. The study of the nature of human knowledge
d. The study of rightness or wrongness of human knowledge

174. Which of the following dose not characterize fascism?

a. A government of laws and not of men
b. Rigid hierarchy and authority of single leader
c. Militarist, nationalist and dictatorial regime
d. It justifies any of its means by its end

175. Which of the following is not Anarchism?

a. Freedom and responsibility
b. Social organization without hierarchy
c. Extreme view of individual freedom
d. Destruction of the state and its supporting
institution

176. In which of the following acts would you attribute responsibility?

a. A barkeeper sells liquor to a minor not knowing he is an adult
b. A barkeeper sells liquor to a minor not knowing it is illegal to do so
c. A barkeeper sells liquor to a client not knowing it is contaminated with poison
d. A barkeeper sells liquor not knowing it would cause the death of a diabetic person

177. The values of the people are revealed in the following approaches, Except One
a. When they are asked to choose freely among alternative
b. When they act out what they choose but for a short while and not repeatedly
c. When they act out what they choose
d. When they are asked to choose among alternatives

178. To attain harmony in society people must rule their subjects with benevolence . whose teaching was this?
a. Mohammad c. Buddha
b. Kung-fu-zu d. Lao Tzu
179. The concept that school failed to encourage positive learning and were opposed to the production of
independently-minded adults was popularized by:
a. Paolo Freire c. Paul Goodman
b. John Dewey d. Ivan Illich

180. Which type of conscience is possessed by one who is extremely rigorous and is constantly afraid of committing evil?
a. Scrupulous c. Certain conscience
b. Lax conscience d. Certain conscience

181. The following EXCEPT ONE are the strength of Filipino character
a. Pakikipagkapwa-tao c. Frankness
b. Family orientation d. Joy of humor

182. Which of the following is the Aristotlelian definition of happiness?

a. One’s ultimate achievements in life
b. A state made perfectly the aggregation of good things
c. The satisfaction of all desires and the absence of pain
d. The experience of the fulfillment of possibilities

183. One of the following statements about passion is NOT TRUE?

a. Passion does not affect voluntariness
b. Passion may completely destroy freedom
c. passion tends to blind the judgment of the intellect
d. passion cannot affect freedom

184. Which does not characterize a non-violent society?

a. Solves problems in non-adversarial way
b. Prefers indigenous ways of solving problems
c. A passive society
d. Solves problems in a non-confrontational way

185. Which statement holds true of values clarification?

a. Values are objective; no person has the right set of values to pass on to others
b. It is meant to help students get at their own feelings, ideas, and belief’s; no person has the right set of values to pass
on to others
c. No person has the right set of values to pass on to others; values are independent of time
d. Values are independent of time, place, and persons; meant to help students get at their own feelings and ideas
186. Based on the Code of Ethics for teachers, which of the following may teachers Not do?
a. Welcomes the opportunity to lead in barangay
b. Studies and understands local customs and traditions
c. Deducts points from students scholastic ratings as a form of punishment
d. Attends church and worship of his choice joy and humor

187. Which type of justice implies the duty of one individual to give another what he is due?
a. International justice
b. Distributive justice
c. Social justice
d. Commutative justice
188. It is said that our level of achievement is always lower than our level of aspir