Lessons and need to review for quiz tomorrow.

● Introduction: The concept of politics and governance

● Meaning of governance
● The 7 characteristics of Good Governance

L1: INTRODUCTION: THE CONCEPT OF POLITICS AND GOVERNANCE

Politikos for the citizens

Different views about politics

A. Politics as the art of government
- Practical application of knowledge attaining a particular objective

B. Politics as public affairs

- The government offices (department and agencies) they are responsible for the
collective oraganization of community life. (STATE)

C. Politics as compromise and consensus

- Politics is seen as particular means of resolving conflicts that is by
COMPROMISE

D. Politics as powers
- In politics, power is usually thought of as a relationship: that is as the ability to
influence the behavior of others.

Political science - a systematic and academic views of politics.

● Social science discipline that deals with systems of government and the
analysis of political activity and political behavior.
● Scientic methodology in the investigation
● Intersects many other branches of social sciences

BRANCHES OF POLITICAL SCIENCE

● Political theory of political philosophy
- Refers to general views or specific ethic, political belief or attitude about politics
● Comparative potitics (COMPARING)
- Compares and analyze
● Public administration
 - Study of implementation of government policy and public service.
- The management of public programs
● International relations
- Political-economic interaction between nation-state as well, as intergovernmental
and transnational organization
● Public law
- Relationship between individual and government

L2: MEANING OF GOVERNANCE

- Formal institutions through which a group of people is ruled or governed.

(Mendoza, 1999)

Classifications of government
2 types of classification of government

● Unitary System (CENTRALIZED)

- The power of government to the national.
- central government
- Malacanang

● Federal System (DECENTRALIZED)

- Shared between the national state and local levels.
- US Government

As to possess the power to govern

* A Government of “One”

Autocracy - The power and authority to rule are in the hands of a single leader

2 types of Autocracy
● Totalitarian Dictatorship
- A SINGLE LEADER seeks to control all aspects of social and economic life
- Fidel Castro (Cuba- communist country)

● Dictatorial Rule
- Country is ruled by ONE PERSON or an political entity and exercised through
various mechanism
- Ferdinand Marcos Sr.
Monarchy - Kings and Queens

2 types of Monarchy
● Absolute Monarcy
- Have complete and UNLIMITED POWER
- Queen Elizabeth

● Constitutional Monarchy
- Serves mainly as Ceremonial leaders of their governement
- Salman Tin Abdulaliz

A Government of “Few”
● Aristocracy
- Greek word “Aristokratia”
- Rules of the best

● Oligarchy
- Rule of the wealthy
- Aristotle used term “Oligarenia”

A Government of “Many”

Democracy - Majority of the people, the power is vested

2 types of Democracy
● Direct Democracy
- People govern themselves by voting on issues

● Representative Democracy
- The people elect representatives and give them power to make laws and
conduct government.

As to source of “Power”
● Hereditary (Napapasa o namamana)
- The monarch inherits the crown according to a fixed rule.

● Elective
 - The voters selects the rule

As to “Political Structure”
● Presidential / Republican
- Presidents as the highest official and head of the executive branch

● Parliamentary
- Headed by Prime ministers

L3: THE 7 CHARACTERISTICS OF GOOD GOVERNANCE

Governance - Process by which laws and policies are enacted by the government
through the implementation of programs that upholds the general welfare.

7 Characteristics

1. Rule of law
- Requires the people give habitual obedience to the law
- Governments acts within the limits of power

2. Transparency
- Means that people can access information regarding decision-making process
and implementation

3. Responsive
- Institutions and process should serve all the stakeholders in a timely and
appropriate manner so that each of them can appreciate and take in the
process of governance.

4. Consensus oriented
- When the decisions are made after taking into consideration the different
perspectives

5. Equity and Inclusiveness

- Everyone has a stake in society, no one should feel alienated
- Those who have less in life should have more in law.

6. Efficiency and Effectiveness

- Requires that the institution, process, and actors meet the need of society in a
way that available RESOURCES are USED WELL

7. Accountability
- Responsibility of one’s action most especially when their acts affects public
interest.

8. Participation
- Active involvement of all concerned and interested sectors in the decision
making.