ABE BOARD EXAM REVIEW 2021

Agricultural Machinery Design

Design of Machine Elements
Outline
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Strength, Stress and Strain

Hooke's Law
Fα ΔL
F = -kΔL
Simple and Direct Stress
𝐹 S - Stress
𝑆𝑡 = 𝑆𝑐 =
𝐴 F- force
𝐹 A – cross sectional area
𝑆𝑠 = T – torque
𝐴
𝑇𝑐 16𝑇 16𝑇𝐷𝑜 D – diameter
𝑆𝑠 = = = c – shaft radius
𝐽 π𝐷3 π[𝐷𝑜4 − 𝐷𝑖4 ]
J – polar moment of inertia = π𝐷 4 /32
𝑀𝑐 𝑀 𝑀 32𝑀 M – moment
𝑆𝐵 = = = =
𝐼 𝐼/𝑐 𝑍 π𝐷3 I – moment of inertia = π𝐷 4 /64
𝑦
ΔL= 𝐸 𝐿 = 𝑘𝐸 (𝑡2 − 𝑡1 ) E = Modulus of elasticity
Z =I/c =section modulus = π𝐷 3 /32
Δ𝐿 𝑆 𝐹/𝐴 𝐹𝐿 L – length
𝜀= = SE 𝐸= = Δ𝐿 =
𝐿 𝜀 Δ𝐿/𝐿 𝐴𝐸 k- coefficient of thermal expansion
Elements of Agricultural Machines
Shafts and Keys/Splines

Keyway

𝑃 = 2𝜋TN = Tω

𝑇𝑐 16𝑇 𝑇𝐿 𝑇 𝑭 − 𝒕𝒂𝒏𝒈𝒆𝒏𝒕𝒊𝒂𝒍
𝑆𝑆 = 𝐽
= π𝐷3 and θ = 𝐽𝐺 (angular twist/torsional deflection) 𝐹= 𝒇𝒐𝒓𝒄𝒆
𝑤
𝑟
𝐹
𝑆𝑆 =
𝑤𝐿
Shafts and Keys/Splines
Shafts and Keys/Splines

𝟐𝟓𝒌𝑵−𝒎 𝒓𝒆𝒗 𝟏𝒎𝒊𝒏

𝑷 = 𝟐𝝅𝑻𝑵; = 𝟐𝝅 𝑻 𝟏, 𝟒𝟓𝟎 𝒎𝒊𝒏 ; 𝑻 = 𝟎. 𝟏𝟔𝟓 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝒔 𝟔𝟎𝒔𝒆𝒄

𝟏𝟔𝑻 𝒌𝑵 𝟏𝟔(𝟎.𝟏𝟔𝟓 𝒌𝑵−𝒎)

𝑺𝑺 = π𝐷3 ; 𝟕, 𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝑚2 = ; 𝐷 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟕 𝒎 = 𝟐. 𝟖 𝒊𝒏
π𝐷3
Shafts and Keys/Splines
½
Shafts and Keys/Splines
½

𝟕.𝟒𝟔𝒌𝑵−𝒎 𝒓𝒆𝒗 𝟏𝒎𝒊𝒏

𝑷 = 𝟐𝝅𝑻𝑵; = 𝟐𝝅 𝑻 𝟏, 𝟏𝟏𝟎 𝒎𝒊𝒏 ; 𝑻 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟔𝟒 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝒔 𝟔𝟎𝒔𝒆𝒄

𝑻𝑳 π 𝟑𝟐 𝟎.𝟎𝟔𝟒 𝒌𝑵−𝒎 𝟎.𝟓𝒎

𝜽= ; 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖 = 𝟖𝟐𝟕𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒌𝑵 ; 𝐷 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟒𝟏𝒎
𝑱𝑮 180 𝜋𝐷4
𝒎𝟐
Shafts and Keys/Splines
Shafts and Keys/Splines

𝑻𝒄 𝑻𝑳 𝒄 𝑳
𝑺𝑺 = ;𝜽 = 𝑱𝑻 = 𝑺 ; 𝑱𝑻 = 𝜽𝑮
𝑱 𝑱𝑮 𝑺

𝒄 𝑳 𝒄 (𝟎.𝟓𝒎)
= 𝜽𝑮 ; = π ; 𝐜 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟕 𝐦 = 𝟎. 𝟔𝟖
𝑺𝑺 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟐 𝟐(𝟏𝟖𝟎)𝟖𝟑𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟐

𝟏𝟔𝑻 𝟏𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝐤𝐍/𝐦𝟐 (𝛑)(𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝟕𝐦)𝟑

𝑺𝑺 = π𝐷3
;T= 𝟏𝟔
; T=0.096 kN-m
𝟔𝟎𝒓𝒑𝒎 𝟏𝒎𝒊𝒏
𝑷 = 𝟐𝝅𝑻𝑵; 𝑷 = 𝟐𝝅 𝟎. 𝟎𝟗𝟔𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎 𝟐𝟎𝒉𝒛 ; 𝑷 = 𝟏𝟐. 𝟏𝒌𝑾
𝟏𝒉𝒛 𝟔𝟎𝒔𝒆𝒄
Shafts and Keys/Splines
Shafts and Keys/Splines

𝟑𝟎𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎 𝒓𝒆𝒗 𝟏𝒎𝒊𝒏

𝑷 = 𝟐𝝅𝑻𝑵; = 𝟐𝝅 𝑻 𝟏, 𝟐𝟎𝟎 ; 𝑻 = 𝟎. 𝟐𝟒 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝒔 𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝟔𝟎𝒔𝒆𝒄
𝑻 𝟎. 𝟐𝟒 𝒌𝑵 − 𝒎
𝑭= ;𝑭 = ; 𝐹 = 𝟏𝟎. 𝟕 𝒌𝑵
𝑹 𝟎. 𝟎𝟐𝟐𝟓𝒎
𝑭 𝟏𝟎.𝟕𝒌𝑵
𝑺𝒔 = 𝒘𝑳 𝑺𝒔 = (𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝒎)(𝟎.𝟎𝟔𝟕𝟓𝒎) 𝑺𝒔

𝑻𝒄 𝟑𝟐(𝟎.𝟐𝟒 𝒌𝑵−𝒎)(𝟎.𝟎𝟐𝟓𝒎)
𝑺𝒔 = 𝑺𝒔 = 𝑺𝒔
𝑱 𝜋(0.045𝑚)4
Couplings
Flywheel

Bolts and Screw

Spring

𝟖𝑭𝑫𝒎 𝟖𝑭𝑪𝟑 𝒏
𝑺𝒔 = 𝑲 𝒚=
𝝅𝒅𝟑 𝑮𝒅
𝟒𝑪−𝟏 𝟎.𝟔𝟏𝟓
K-spring factor = 𝟒𝑪−𝟒 + 𝑪

𝑫𝒎
C = spring index = 𝒅
𝑫𝒐 +𝑫𝒊
𝑫𝒎 = spring mean diameter =
𝟐
n=no.of active coils
Spring
Spring

𝐊=1.145
𝟖𝑭𝑫𝒎 𝟖(𝟎.𝟏𝟓𝟎𝒌𝑵)(𝟏𝟎𝒅)
𝑺𝒔 = 𝑲 𝟏𝟕𝟎𝟎𝟎𝟎𝒌𝑵/𝒎𝟐 = 𝒅
𝝅𝒅𝟑 (𝝅𝒅𝟑 )

𝟖𝑭𝑪𝟑 𝒏 𝟖(𝟎.𝟏𝟓𝟎𝒌𝑵)𝟏𝟎𝟑 𝒏
𝒚= = 𝒏
𝑮𝒅 80000000𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 (𝟎.𝟎𝟎𝟒𝟕𝒎)
Spring
Spring

𝒄= 0.1m/0.0095m = 10.5

𝟖𝑭𝑪𝟑 𝒏 𝟖(𝟎.𝟗𝟖𝟏𝒌𝑵)𝟏𝟎.𝟓𝟑 (𝟏𝟖)

𝒚= 𝐲= 𝒚 = 𝟏𝟖𝐜𝐦
𝑮𝒅 90000000𝑘𝑁/𝑚2 (𝟎.𝟎𝟏𝒎)
Belt drives and Roller Chains

𝑵𝟏
Speed ratio = 𝑵𝟐
Speed and Diameter
𝑵𝟏 𝑫𝟏 = 𝑵𝟐 𝑫𝟐
Power transmitted
𝑷 = (𝑻𝟏 −𝑻𝟐 )𝒗
T1-torque at tight side
T2-torque at slack side
𝟐 𝟐
v-belt speed (m/s) = πdn
𝑫𝟐 − 𝑫𝟏 𝑫𝟐 + 𝑫𝟏
𝑳 = 𝟐𝑪 + 𝟏. 𝟓𝟕 𝑫𝟐 + 𝑫𝟏 + 𝑳 = 𝟐𝑪 + 𝟏. 𝟓𝟕 𝑫𝟐 + 𝑫𝟏 + Net belt pull
𝟒𝑪 𝟒𝑪 𝑻𝟏 − 𝑻𝟐 = 2T/d
𝑹−𝒓 𝑫𝟐 −𝑫𝟏 𝑹+𝒓 𝑫𝟐 +𝑫𝟏 Tension Ratio
θ = π ± 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 π± θ = π ± 𝟐𝒔𝒊𝒏−𝟏 π±
𝑪 𝑪 𝑪 𝑪 T1/T2 = 𝒆𝒇θ
Belt drives and Roller Chains
Length of chain
𝟐
𝐓+𝐭
𝑳 = 𝟐𝐂 + 𝐓 + 𝐭 +
𝟒𝟎𝐂

𝒁𝒏 )(𝑽𝒏 )
Belt drives and Roller Chains
Belt drives and Roller Chains

𝑁1𝐷1 = 𝑁2𝐷2; 12 1250 = 𝐷2(900); N2 = 9.2 inches

𝑫𝟐 −𝑫𝟏 𝟏𝟐−𝟗.𝟐
θ π− ;θ π− ;θ 𝟑. 𝟎𝟗 𝒓𝒂𝒅
𝑪 𝟓𝟓.𝟏𝟐
𝑚 1250𝑟𝑒𝑣 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑃 = 2𝜋𝑇𝑁; 14.92𝑘𝑁 − = 2𝜋𝑇 ; 𝑻 = 𝟏𝟏𝟒𝑵 − 𝒎
𝑠 𝑚𝑖𝑛 60𝑠𝑒𝑐
T1/T2 = 𝑒 𝑓𝜃 ; T1/T2= 𝑒 (0.35)(3.09) ; T1= 4.38T2

1250𝑟𝑒𝑣 𝑚𝑖𝑛
𝑣= 𝜋𝑑𝑛; 𝑣 = 𝜋 0.047𝑚 𝑚𝑖𝑛 60𝑠𝑒𝑐
= 𝟑. 𝟏𝒎/𝒔
𝑃 = (𝑇1 −𝑇2 )𝑣; (14.92kN − m/s)/(3.1m/s) = (𝑇1 −𝑇2 ); (𝑇1 −𝑇2 ) = 𝟒. 𝟖𝟓𝐤𝐍
𝑻𝟏 = 𝟔. 𝟑 𝒌𝑵
𝑻𝟐 = 𝟏. 𝟒𝟓𝒌𝑵
Belt drives and Roller Chains
Belt drives and Roller Chains

(𝟏𝟓 𝒕𝒆𝒆𝒕𝒉)(𝟐𝟒𝟎𝟎 𝒓𝒑𝒎)

𝒁𝟏 = = 𝟔𝟕 𝐭𝐞𝐞𝐭𝐡
𝟓𝟒𝟎 𝒓𝒑𝒎
Belt drives and Roller Chains
Belt drives and Roller Chains

𝒁𝒏 )(𝑽𝒏 )

𝟐𝟒𝟐𝒎
𝑴𝒂𝒙 𝒑𝒐𝒘𝒆𝒓 = 𝟗. 𝟑𝟒 𝒌𝑵 𝟏. = 𝟏𝟏. 𝟔 𝒌𝑾
𝒔
𝒎 𝟐𝟎𝟎𝒓𝒆𝒗 𝟏𝒎𝒊𝒏
𝑷 = 𝟐π𝑻𝑵; 𝟏𝟏. 𝟔𝒌𝑵 = 𝟐π𝑻 ; 𝑻 = 𝟓𝟓𝟑. 𝟗 𝑵 − 𝒎
𝒔 𝒎𝒊𝒏 𝟔𝟎𝒔𝒆𝒄