JENNY M. MIRABONA GENERAL CHEMISTRY 1 MS.

ROSE KRISTINE ROVELO

GRADE 11 – STEM 4 (Q4_LP2) SUBJECT TEACHER
JUNE 1, 2022

PROPERTIES OF GASES & GAS LAWS

LESSON 1: PROPERTIES OF GASES

ACTIVITY 1: Identify Me

1. Given the illustrations A-D below, can you identify their uses?
The illustration in letter A, shows breathing; in illustration B shows an LPG that used in cooking;
in illustration C shows an air/medical ventilator that is used in aiding patents especially when
they’re having a hard time in breathing; and in illustration D shows a carbonated drinks that is
usually called “soft drinks” which contains dissolved gas.

2. What would an empty balloon look like? Does an automobile run if its tires are deflated?
An empty balloon would be look like flat and not distended. An automobile can still run even if
its tires are deflated, but it would run slower than the normal where its tires are not deflated.

3. Given the diagrams A-D below, identify the physical/observable property of gases.
In the diagram A, the gasses occupy the entire volume of the container. In diagram B, the gasses
have a high compressibility due to most of the volume of a gas is composed of the large
amounts of empty space between the gas particles. In diagram C, the gasses readily mix with
other gasses in the same container. And in diagram D, the gasses have a small/low density
compared to liquids and solids.

ACTIVITY 2: Unit Conversions

1. The pressure outside a jet plane flying at a high altitude falls considerably below standard
atmospheric pressure. Therefore, the air inside the cabin must be pressurized to protect the
passengers. What is the pressure in atmospheres (atm) in the cabin if the barometer reading is
688 mmHg? What will be this pressure in Pascal (Pa) and in bar?

 Given: mmHg = 688; Find: atm, Pa, bar

1 𝑎𝑡𝑚
 atm = 688 mmHg (760 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔) = 0.91 atm
101.325 𝑃𝑎
 Pa = 688 mmHg (760 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔) = 91,725.79 Pa
1.013 𝑏𝑎𝑟
 bar = 688 mmHg (760 𝑚𝑚𝐻𝑔) = 0.92 bar

2. Oxygen gas produced from electrolysis was taken out from the apparatus with a reading of 25.5
mL volume of water displaced from the syringe. What is this volume in cubic centimeter, (cm 3),
and liters, (L)?
 Given: mL = 25.5; Find: cm3, L
1 𝑐𝑚3 1𝐿
 cm3 = 25.5 mL ( 1 𝑚𝐿 ) = 25.5 cm3 L = 25.5 mL (1𝑜𝑜𝑜 𝑚𝐿) = 0.0255 L
 3. The temperature of a gas at standard ambient temperature, SATP is 25OC. What is this
temperature in Kelvin, (K), and degrees Fahrenheit, (OF)?
 Given: 25℃; Find: K, ℉
 K = ℃+ 273.15 = 25 + 273.15 K = 298.15 K
 ℉ = 1.8 (25) + 32℉ = 77℉

ACTIVITY 3: LET’S LEVEL UP!

1. At STP (273K, 760 mmHg), 44.0 grams of CO2 occupies a volume of 22.4L
a) How many moles of CO2 are there in the sample?
1 𝑚𝑜𝑙
 nCO2 = 44.0 g CO2 (44.0 𝑔) = 1 mol CO2
b) What are the STP units in OC and Pa?
101.325 𝑃𝑎
 ℃ = 273 – 273 = 0℃ Pa = 1 atm ( ) = 101, 325 Pa
1 𝑎𝑡𝑚
c) How many cubic centimeters are there in a 22.4 L of gas?
1000𝑐𝑐
 Cc = 22.4L ( )= 22,400 cc
1𝐿

LESSON 2: GAS LAWS: Boyle’s Law, Charles’ Law, Gay-Lussac Law

& Avogadro’s Law

ACTIVITY 1: Recalling Daily Experience with Gases

Conditions Gas Law Explanation

When you squeeze the

bubble wrap the pressure
Boyle’s law inside the bubble increased
and its volume decreased
resulting in the bursting of
the bubble

High temperature causes the

Charles’ Law volume of the gas to increase
inside the car tire.
 Decreasing the pressure upon
opening the lid increases the
Boyle’s Law volume of the dissolved gas
inside the can.

Different amounts of gas

Avogadro’s Law would occupy different
volumes.

Lower temperature causes

Charles’ Law the volume to decrease, and
higher temperatures cause
the volume to increase.

The higher the temperature,

Gay-Lussac / Amonton’s Law the higher the pressure
exerted by the water vapor.

ACTIVITY 2. Figure & Graph Analysis

Questions:
1. In graph & figure A, what can you say about the relationship between the volume and pressure?
At what conditions of temperature and number of moles is this relationship true?
In graph and figure A, the pressure is inversely proportional to the volume at constant
temperature and the number of moles. Because as pressure increases, the volume decreases
and/or if the pressure is decreased, the volume will increase.
 2. In graph & figure B, what can you say about the relationship between temperature and
pressure? At what conditions of volume and number of moles is this relationship true?
In graph & figure B, the temperature is directly proportional to the volume at constant pressure
and the number of moles. Because, as the temperature increases, the volume also increases
and/or if the temperature is decreased, the volume will also decrease.

3. In graph & figure C, what can you say about the relationship between the volume and
temperature? At what conditions of pressure and number of moles is this relationship true?
In graph & figure C, the temperature is directly proportional to the pressure at constant volume
and number of moles. Because, as the temperature increases, the pressure also increases
and/or if the temperature is decreased, the pressure will also decrease.

4. In graph & figure D, what can you say about the relationship between the volume and amount
of substance (moles)? At what conditions of temperature and pressure is this relationship true?
At constant pressure and temperature, the amount of substance (n) is directly proportional to
the volume in the graph &figure D. Because, as the amount of substance is increased, the
volume also increases and/or if the amount of substance is decreased, the volume will also
decrease.

ACTIVITY 3: LET’S LEVEL UP!

A.
1. The gas in an aerosol can is under a pressure of 3.00 atm at a temperature of 25oC. It is
dangerous to dispose an aerosol can by incineration since the increase in temperature might
cause the aerosol can to explode. What would the pressure in the aerosol be if the temperature
in the incinerator is 845oC?
 Given: Initial pressure = 3.00 atm
Initial pressure = 3.00 atm
Initial temperature = 25OC = 298.15 K
Final temperature = 845OC = 1,118.15 K
Unknown quantity: final pressure

Solution:
 The temperature has increased; therefore, the pressure will also increase.
1118.15 𝐾
Final pressure = 3.00 atm ( 298.15 𝐾 ) = 11.25 atm

2. A given amount of oxygen gas has a volume of 25.0 L at a temperature of 37 oC and a pressure
of 1.65 atm. At what temperature would this gas occupy a volume of 27.0 L at a pressure of 2.0
atm? (Note: For this problem, there are two sets of ratios you need to use. Just follow the
relationships of the different properties that has been discussed)
 Given: Initial volume = 25.0 L
Initial temperature = 37OC = 310.15 K
Initial pressure = 1.65 atm
Final volume = 27.0 L
Final pressure = 1.0 atm
Unknown quantity = final temperature
Solution:
 The volume has increased; therefore, the temperature will also increase.
 The pressure has decreased; therefore, the temperature will also decrease.

27.0 𝐿 1.0 𝑎𝑡𝑚

Final temperature = 310.15 K (25.0 𝐿) (1.65 𝑎𝑡𝑚) = (310.15K)(1.08)(0.61) = 204.33 K

B.

1 The gas in an aerosol can is under a pressure of 3.00 atm at a temperature of 25oC. It is
dangerous to dispose an aerosol can by incineration since the increase in temperature might
cause the aerosol can to explode. What would the pressure in the aerosol be if the
temperature in the incinerator is 845oC?
𝑉1 𝑃1 (2.5 𝐿)(1.5 𝑎𝑡𝑚)
 V2 = =[ ] = 3.75 L
𝑃2 1.0 𝑎𝑡𝑚
 The pressure in the aerosol be if the temperature in the incinerator is 845 oC, is 3.75L.

2. A given amount of oxygen gas has a volume of 25.0 L at a temperature of 37 oC and a pressure
of 1.65 atm. At what temperature would this gas occupy a volume of 27.0 L at a pressure of 2.0
atm?
𝑇1 𝑉2 (310.15 𝐾)(22.0 𝐿)
 T2 = =[ ]= 272.93K
𝑉1 25.0 𝐿
 The temperature would the gas occupy a volume of 27.0 L at a pressure of 2.0 atm is 272.93K
3. A gas sample occupies a volume of 2.5 L at a pressure of 1.5 atm. What would be the volume
of the gas if its pressure is reduced to 1 atm at the same temperature.
𝑛1 𝑉2 (1.75 𝑚𝑜𝑙)(20.0 𝐿)
 n2 = 𝑉1
=[ 10.0 𝐿
]= 3.5 mol
 The volume of the gas if its pressure is reduced to 1 atm at the same temperature is 3.5 mol.

4. A given amount of oxygen gas has a volume of 25.0 L at a temperature of 37oC and a pressure
of 1.0 atm. At what temperature would this gas occupy a volume of 22.0 L at a pressure of 1.0
atm?
𝑃1 𝑇2 (3.00 𝑎𝑡𝑚)(1118.15 𝐾)
 P2 = 𝑇1
=[ 298.15 𝐾
]= 11.25 atm
 The temperature would this gas occupy a volume of 22.0 L at a pressure of 1.0 atm is 11.25 atm.

5. A 1.75 mole of a gas sample occupies a 10.0 L flask at 25oC and 1 atm pressure. If the same gas
is transferred to a 20.0 L volume flask making sure that no amount of gas escapes, how many
moles would contain the flask if the temperature and pressure are held constant?
𝑇1 𝑉2 𝑃2 (310.15 𝐾)(27.0 𝐿)(1.0 𝑎𝑡𝑚)
 T2 = 𝑉1 𝑃1
=[ (25.0 𝐿)(1.65 𝑎𝑡𝑚)
]= 204.33 K
 There would be 204.33 K moles that would contain the flask if the temperature and pressure are
held constant.
Lesson 3: MORE GAS LAWS: Ideal Gas Law & Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures

ACTIVITY 1. Ideal Gas Calculations

2. Calculate the volume that will be occupied by 20.0 g carbon dioxide at 25oC and 1.25 atm.
 Given : mC = 20.0g; T=25OC = 298.15K; P=1.25 atm; Find V
20.0𝑔
 nc = (12.01𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙) = 1.67 mol C
𝑛𝑅𝑇 (1.67𝑚𝑜𝑙)(0.0821𝐿.𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝑚𝑜𝑙.𝐾 )(298.15𝐾)
 V= 𝑃
=[ 1.25 𝑎𝑡𝑚
] = 32.70 L

3. What would be the pressure of 6.40 g oxygen gas in a vessel with a volume of 4.5 L at 20oC?
 Given: mO=6.40g; V=4.5L; T=20OC=293.15 K; Find P
6.40 𝑔
 nO = ( )= 0.4 mol
16.0 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙

𝑛𝑅𝑇 (0.4𝑚𝑜𝑙)(0.0821𝐿.𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝑚𝑜𝑙.𝐾 )(293.15𝐾)
 P= 𝑉
=[ 4.5 𝐿
] = 2.14 atm
4. What is a gas’s temperature in Celsius degree when it has a volume of 25 L, 203 mol, and 143.5
atm?
 Given: V=25L; n=203 mol; P=143.5 atm; Find T in OC
𝑃𝑉 (143.5𝑎𝑡𝑚)(25𝐿)
 T= =[ ] = 215.26 K
𝑛𝑅 (203 𝑚𝑜𝑙)(0.0821𝐿.𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝑚𝑜𝑙.𝐾 )
 TC = 215.26 K – 273.15 = -57.89OC
5. A chemist has synthesized a greenish-yellow gaseous compound of chlorine and oxygen and finds
that its density is 7.71 g/L at 36 oC and 2.88 atm. Calculate the molar mass of the compound and
determine its molar mass.
 Given: d=7.71g/L; T=36OC = 309.15K; P=2.88 atm; Find MM
𝑑𝑅𝑇 (7.71𝑔/𝐿 )(0.0821𝐿.𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝑚𝑜𝑙.𝐾 )(309.15𝐾)
 MM = 𝑃
=[ 2.88 𝑎𝑡𝑚
] = 67.95 g/mol
6. What is the density of nitrogen gas (N2) at 248.0 Torr and 18º C?
 Given: P=248.0 torr = 0.33 atm; T=18OC=291.15 K; Find density (d)
 MMN2 = 2(14.0g/mol) = 28g/mol
28𝑔
𝑃(𝑀𝑀) (0.33𝑎𝑡𝑚)( )
 D= =[ 𝑚𝑜𝑙
]= 0.39 g/L
𝑅𝑇 (291.15𝐾)(0.0821𝐿.𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝑚𝑜𝑙.𝐾)

ACTIVITY 2. Dalton’s Law of Partial Pressures Calculations

1 In a laboratory, oxygen gas was collected by the water displacement method at atmospheric
pressure of 96.8 kPa and a temperature of 22OC. If the partial pressure exerted by water vapor at
this temperature is 2.64 kPa, what is the partial pressure of dry oxygen in atm?
 Given: PT = 96.8 kPa; PH2O = 2.64 kPa; Find PO2
PT = PH2O + PO2
PO2 = PT – PO2
= 96.8 kPa – 2.64 kPa
1 𝑎𝑡𝑚
= 94.16 kPa (101.33 𝑘𝑃𝑎) = 0.93 atm
ACTIVITY 3: LET’S LEVEL UP!
1
Pressure (P) Volume (V) Temperature (T) Moles (n)
2.15 atm 900 mL 36oC 13.12 mol
248.04 cmHg 1.5 L 25oC 0.2 mol
900 torr 38.61 L 300K 1.85 mol
70 cmHg 750 mL 5.63K 2.0 mol

2 A mixture of a gas containing 2.00g of CO2, 3.00g of Ne, 4.00g of SO2 is confined in a 50.0L cylinder
at 70.0OC. Calculate the a) total pressure of the mixture and b) partial pressure of each gas. (Hint:
use the ideal gas equation to solve for the total pressure of the gas)
 Given: 𝑚𝐶𝑂2 =2.00g; 𝑚𝑁𝑒 =3.00g; 𝑚𝑆𝑂2 = 4.00g; V=50.0L; T=70.0OC
 Find: a) total pressure of the mixture and, b) partial pressure of each gas.
3.00 𝑔 2.00 𝑔
 𝑛𝑁𝑒 = ( ) = 0.15 mol 𝑛𝐶𝑂2 = ( )= 0.045 mol
20.18 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙 44.01 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙
4.00 𝑔
 𝑛𝑆𝑂2 = ( ) =0.062mol
64.06 𝑔/𝑚𝑜𝑙

 𝑛 𝑇𝑜𝑡𝑎𝑙 = 0.15 mol + 0.045 mol + 0.062 mol = 0.257 mol

𝑛𝑇 RT (0.257𝑚𝑜𝑙)(0.0821𝐿.𝑎𝑡𝑚
𝑚𝑜𝑙.𝐾 )(343.15𝐾)
 a.) PT = =[ ] = 0.14 atm
𝑉 50.0 𝐿
0.15 𝑚𝑜𝑙 0.062 𝑚𝑜𝑙 0.045𝑚𝑜𝑙
 XNe = = 0.58 XSO2 = = 0.24 XCO2 = = 0.18
0.257 𝑚𝑜𝑙 0.257 𝑚𝑜𝑙 0.257𝑚𝑜𝑙
 PNe = (0.58)(0.14 atm) = 0.08 atm
 PSO2 = (0.24)(0.14 atm) = 0.034 atm
 PCO2 = (0.18)(0.14 atm) = 0.025 atm

REFLECTION:

1. How do the properties of gas mixtures, like the atmosphere, compare with those of other
homogeneous mixtures such as aqueous solutions?
 Gas is a state of matter which diffuses freely in all directions. Thus, they fill up the entire space
available irrespective of the quantity. The particles it contains do not have a specific shape
and volume compared to solids and liquids. Their molecules are loosely held making a lot of
space between them to move freely and continually. Gases are really compressible unlike
solids and liquids. They also have a lower density compared to solids and liquids and also
gases respond to changes in temperature and pressure in roughly the same way,
expanding or shrinking by predictable quantities.

2. How is the study of the reactions of gases similar to and different from other reactions you
might have studied?
 The reaction of gases are similar to previous reactions that I have studied before, which
are similar in terms of its components, compounds, and compositions. And they differ in
terms of their laws, calculations, formulas and also their properties.
3. What are some beneficial applications of gases and some problems associated with gases?
 Gases are really useful to us, especially in the industrial processes where it includes
many sectors such as medical applications, steel making, oil refining, fertilizers,
semi-conductors and a lot more. There are also a number of risks when using gas
such as explosion, poisoning, fire, suffocation and a lot more.