THE DETERMINATION OF THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN THE STATE VARIABLES:

PRESSURE AND VOLUME

EULA RUSSEA VELASQUEZ, CHRISTINE JOY VILLANUEVA, ZANDRA MIKAELA

VILLANUEVA, PSYCHE JANE MAR VILLEGAS, MARK NICHOLAS YOW
GROUP 8
2B-BC

Abstract

In this experiment, Boyle’s Law was performed to validate the relationship between the
pressure and volume at constant temperature. It  has an inverse relationship between pressure and
volume. It is used to know the behaviour of gases and predict the result of a change in volume
and pressure, and only to the initial state of a fixed quantity of gas. Boyle’s law micro apparatus
were used which consists of  30 mL vial with cover, tetra pack straw and 1 mL of syringe. The
vial was filled with colored water then a syringe and straw was inserted in the vial cover. The
volume of the air in a syringe and the height of the liquid from the straw was recorded. Five
readings were done and the total volume of the air and total pressure was calculated. As observed
in the data collected, as the height of the water increases, the volume of the air in the syringe
decreases which shows that the relationship of pressure and volume are inversely proportional.

Introduction

Why does liquid fizz right up out of
a bottle whenever a soda is being opened? It
has to do with the carbon dioxide gas that is
added to the liquid to make it fizzy. Opening
the bottle releases the built-up pressure
inside, causing the gas-liquid mixture to rush
out the bottle.
physicist Robert Boyle in 1662, states that
the pressure (P) of a given quantity of gas at
constant temperature varies inversely with
its volume in equation form, PV=K, a
constant. The relationship was also found by
the French physicist Edme Mariotte in
1676. 

Boyle's law, also called Mariotte's According to Encyclopaedia

law, is a relationship of constant temperature Britinnica (2018)  As long as the
gas compression and expansion.This temperature remains constant, the same
empirical relationship, developed by amount of energy provided to the system
will continue throughout its activity and thus
the value of K will remain constant According to Helmenstine (2019),
theoretically. Nevertheless, the application because the temperature and the amount of
of force to a surface may not be due to the gas does not change, these terms will not
derivation of pressure as perpendicular force appear in the equation. What Boyle's law
applied and the probabilistic probability of means is that the volume of a mass of gas is
collisions with other particles by collision inversely proportional to its pressure. This
theory. For such values of V, be infinitely linear relationship between pressure and
constant, but have a limit when volume means doubling the volume of a
differentiating those values over a given given mass of gas decreases its pressure by
time. The pressure must decrease half. 
proportionally by forcing the volume V of  
the fixed quantity of gas to rise, keeping the
gas at the initially measured temperature. By
contrast, reducing the gas volume increases
the pressure. The law of Boyle is used to
predict the outcome of  introducing a change
in volume and pressure only, to the initial
state of a fixed quantity of gas.

 
Boyle's law is expressed as:
 
 
Figure 1. Relationship of volume and
Pi V i=Pf V f
pressure.
 
Equation 1. Boyle’s Law According to Lohner (2019), Boyle's
  Law can be observed in real-life when bike
Where:  Pi = initial pressure tires are being filled with air. When air is
Vi = initial volume pumped into the tire, the gas molecules
Pf = final pressure inside the tire get compressed and packed
Vf = final volume closer together. This increases the pressure
  of the gas, and it starts to push against the
walls of the tire. You can feel how the tire
becomes pressurized and tighter. Another
example is a soda bottle. To get carbon
dioxide gas into the liquid, the whole bottle
is usually pressurized with gas. As long as
the bottle is closed, it is very hard to
squeeze, as the gas is confined to a small
space and pushes against the bottle's walls.
When the cap is removed, however, the
available volume increases and some of the
gas escapes. At the same time its pressure
decreases.
Another important demonstration of
Boyle's law is one’s breathing. Inhaling and
exhaling basically means increasing and
decreasing the volume of human’s chest
cavity. This creates low pressure and high
pressure in the lungs, resulting in air getting
sucked into the lungs and leaving the lungs.  the sum of the volume of water used and the
level of the water was aligned to the mark.
Next, a 1mL syringe was inserted into the
vial cover beside the straw while the plunger
was positioned at 0.4 mL. 
For the initial reading, the volume of
air in the syringe was noted and the initial
height of water from 0.5cm mark was
recorded. For the second reading, the
plunger was pushed to 0.3mL. The water
level at the straw was raised. The volume of
air in the syringe was noted and the height of
liquid in the straw was measured using a
ruler. Three more determinations were
made.
Then, the total volume of air, the
volume of air in the syringe, and volume of
air in a vial was calculated. The volume of
air in the vial was calculated by subtracting
volume of water in the straw (v=𝜋r h) to the
2

Methodology
volume of vial, which is 32 mL. The total
First, the volume of the water inside volume of air is the sum of volume of air in
the 30ml vial was measured by filling it with vial and volume of air in the syringe. The
water up to the brim and was transferred to a total pressure was calculated as well. Lastly,
graduated cylinder. One-fourth of the water total pressure vs total volume was graphed. 
in the graduated cylinder was discarded
while the volume of the remaining liquid
was returned in the vial. The vial cover was
holed and inserted a straw with a 0.5cm
mark. The straw was adjusted so that the
 V=ᴨr2h

G. 7.93 7.89 7.52 7.51 7.39

Volume of 72 95 25 00 69

Results and Discussion air in vial

(mL)
Table 1. Pressure exerted by water and [A-(B+F)]

Volume of air in syringe. H. Total 8.33 8.19 7.62 7.58 7.39

volume of 72 95 25 00 69
1 2 3 4 5 air
(G+C)
A. 32 32 32 32 32
Volume of I. 746. 746. 746. 746. 746.

vial (mL) Atmosphe 10 10 10 10 10

ric
B. 24 24 24 24 24
Pressure
Volume of
(mmHg)
water
used (mL) J. Total 746. 746. 748. 748. 749.
pressure 47 69 91 99 65
C. 0.4 0.3 0.1 0.07 0.0
(mmHg)
Volume of
D x 
air in
0.0741mm
syringe
H2O+ 1
(mL)
K. Boyle’s 6.2 6.1 5.7 5.7 5.5
D. Height 5 8 38 39 48
Law x x x x x
of water
constant 103 103 103 103 103
in straw
JxH
(mm)

E. 4 4 4 4 4
Table 1 shows the results of the
Diameter
pressure that is being exerted by the water
of straw
(mm) and the volume of air in the syringe,

F. 0.06 0.10 0.47 0.49 0.60 respectively at 25°C and 746.10 mmHg
Volume of 28 05 75 00 31 atmospheric pressure. 
water in Through this experiment, a gas law is
the straw
being applied, specifically Boyle’s Law.
(mL)
Looking at a molecular level, the pressure
depends on the number of molecules that is
hitting the surface of a container (Smith,
2000).
Figure 2. Relationship between pressure
exerted by water and volume of air in the
syringe.
By looking at Figure 2, it shows
evidently that when the height of water in
the straw increases, the volume of air in the
syringe which is the pressure that is exerted
by it, decreases. This is due to the less space
for molecules to move when the volume
decreases, thus, molecules collide more
often. Therefore, the relationship of pressure
and volume are inversely proportional.
This can be supported by an
equipment designed to verify Boyle’s law.
An Arduino board programmed as a
pressure and temperature sensor is installed
in a closed container connected to a syringe.
The volume of the container can be adjusted
by moving the piston. Reading pressure,
volume and temperature, this device allows
a practical test of the ideal gas equation for
the air inside. The results show a linear
relationship between the volume and the
reciprocal of pressure at constant
temperature. The same trend is seen at
different temperatures. (Poolchack and
Kanchanapusakit, 2018).
References
Encyclopaedia Britinnica (2018).
Boyle’s Law. Retrieved on 12 October 2019,
https://www.britannica.com/science/Boyles-
law.
Helmenstine, T. (2019). The Formula
of Boyle’s Law. Retrieved on 14 October
2019, from
https://www.thoughtco.com/formula-for-
boyles-law-604280
 Lohner, S. (2019). In and Out:
Demonstrating Boyle’s Law. Retrieved on
14 October 2019, from
https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/i
n-and-out-demonstrating-boyles-law/ 
Poolchak, P., & Kanchanapusakit,
W. (2018, December). An equipment design
to verify Boyle’s law. In Journal of Physics:
Conference Series (Vol. 1144, No. 1, p.
012075). IOP Publishing.
Smith, S. (2000). Fundamentals of
Chemistry. Retrieved on 13 October 2019,
from
http://www.chem.uiuc.edu/rogers/Text9/Tx9
5/tx95.html.