Science

Quarter 4 – Module1
Gas Law (Boyle’s Law)

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 Lesson I Volume and Pressure at Constant
Temperature of a Gas
(Boyle’s Law)

What I Need to Know

Gas is a very interesting state of matter. Unlike solids and liquids, gases cannot be
seen and touched but they surround us. Gases have a very huge impact in our life.Do you think
organisms would be able to survive without the air we breath? The air we breath is a mixture of
gases: 78% nitrogen (N2), 21% oxygen (O2), and 1% of other gases. Gases are very interesting
because each of them has a different chemical property but share common physical properties.

This module offers interesting discussion about gases related to chemistry.In grade 9,
you have learned how chemical bonding occurs and how particles rearrange to form new
substances.Analyze the bonding characteristics which results to a variety of compounds. In grade
10 Chemistry, you will investigate how gases behave in different conditions based on the
knowledge of the motion and distances between gas particles. Explain behavior of gases using the
assumptions in the Kinetic Molecular Theory. Learn the relationships between volume,temperature
and pressure using established gas laws.

It is based on Deped’s Most Essential Learning Competency (MELC) for Science 10,
Quarter 4 , week 1.

Learning competency :

Investigate the relationship between :Volume and Pressure at constant Temperature of a gas

Thus,you are expected to:

1.Name the variables involved in Boyle’s Law

2.Describe the relationship between Volume and Pressure when Temperature is

constant.

3.Cite Boyle’s law applications in real life situations.

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 What I Know
PRE-ASSESSMENT
Directions: Read and answer carefully the questions on a separate sheet of paper.
1. Which example has particles that can be drawn closer to occupy smaller volume?
A. Air inside the syringe B. Block of wood C. Fruit juice D. Ice cube
2.Which of the following phenomena does NOT involve the application of gas pressure?
A. Blowing a balloon B. Falling leaves C. Rising hot air balloons D. Knotting
3.Last summer vacation, the Cruz family decided to go to Pagudpod, Ilocos Norte to have a
beach party. On their way to Ilocos, all of them were surprised when the tire suddenly
exploded. What is the probable explanation for the blown out tire during a long summer
drive?
A. High temperature causes a decrease in volume.
B. The pressure of the gas inside the tire is increased.
C. The mass of the gases inside the tire increases causing a blown out tire.
D. The volume of gases increases as the temperature increases, causing a blown out tire.
4.Each of the containers is air tight and has the same number of gas molecules. Which
container has the highest pressure?

A. B. C. D.
5.What gas law explains the mechanism of gas compressor?
A. Avogadro’s law B.Boyle’s law C. Charle’s law D. Gay-Lussac’s law
6.How does the temperature affect the average kinetic energy of gas molecules? As the
temperature decreases the average kinetic energy of gas molecules _______.
A. decreases B. fluctuates C. increases D. remains the same
7.Which graph shows the correct relationship between volume and pressure?

A. B. C. D.
8.Which of the material is used to measure the atmospheric pressure?
A.Anemometer B.Barometer C.Spectrometer D.Thermometer
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9. What are the variables involved in Boyle’s law?
I. Moles II.Pressure III.Temperature IV.Volume
A. I & II B. I & III C. II & III D. II & IV
10.If 100 ml of H2 gas was collected at 760 mm of Hg, what is the new volume of gas when
the barometer reads 745 mm of Hg at the same temperature?
A. 100 ml B. 101 ml C. 102 ml D. 105 ml

What’s In

A recall from the grade 9 Chemistry lesson.

Directions:
Fill in the crossword puzzle. Be guided with the statements below.
Write the correct answer of crossword puzzle on a separate sheet.

ACROSS DOWN
1.The most abundant element in air. 2.Bond that occurs in atoms with opposite
charges
3.Gasses that are generally unreactive and do not 4.Chemical substances made up of two or
readily form compounds. more elements chemically bound together in
a fixed ratio.
5.It deals on the interaction of matter, the 6.Used symbols in representing
laws and the chemical changes it undergoes. expressions in Science and Math.
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4 3

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 What’s New

Activity 1:Boyle’s Law

Objective/s:
Investigate the relationship between volume and pressure of gases at constant
temperature.
Materials:
25 ml syringe 3 set of weights ( books of the same kind)
ruler used cardboard in 5” by 3”
Procedure:
1. Fill the syringe with air by pulling the plunger. See to it that the volume reading is at
approximately 25.0 ml.
2. Paste a 5” by 3” cardboard at the end of the plunger.This will serve as the holder of
the weights.
3. Hold the syringe firmly in an upside down position.
4. Get the initial volume reading and carefully place one at a time the different weights
to the plunger. ( Be sure to get the mass of each book)
5. Record the mass and volume reading using table 5.
Table 5. Observation on Volume Changes
Trial Volume (cm3) Mass (g) Pressure (Nm2)
Initial Reading 25 0 0
1 21 10
2 19 20
3 16 30
Note: P = Force/Area d = 20mm 𝝅 = 3.14
Force= mass (kg) x acceleration due to gravity ( 9.8m/s2)
𝑨 = 𝝅𝒓𝟐
Guide Questions:
1.What happens to the volume of the syringe as the set of weights is added on top of
it?
2.What happens to the pressure on the syringe when the set of weights is added?
Conclusion:
______________________________________________________.

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Activity 2: You and I
Objectives:
Plot the volume and pressure of the activity performed.
Describe the relationship between pressure and volume when temperature is constant.
Material/s:
Data of activity number 1
Procedure:
1. Fill in table 5.
2. Compute the needed data in the table.
3. Graph the pressure and volume variables, volume at y-axis, the dependent and
pressure at x-axis,the independent variable.

GUIDE QUESTIONS:
1.Describe the graph?
2.What is the relationship between volume and pressure of gases at constant
temperature?

Conclusion:
______________________________________________________
______________________________________________________.

What is It

Gas
is a very interesting state of matter. Unlike solids and liquids, gases cannot be seen and
touched but they surround us.The interesting properties and various uses of gases,scientists
such as Robert Boyle and Jacques Charles made significant discoveries about gases. A gas
has no definite shape because the forces between its molecules are so small that they can
move freely and randomly. It can also compress or expand depending on its environment.
Because gases are invisible to the naked eye, they can be observed through four physical
properties: pressure, volume, amount of gas, and temperature.

Pressure
Did you know that gases exert pressure on our skin? But because humans have already
adapted to the amount of pressure exerted by gases, this physical property is negligible.
Pressure (P) can be defined as force applied per unit area. One standard unit of pressure is
pascal (Pa), which is defined as one newton per square meter (1Pa=1 N/m2)

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In equation: P = F/A where: P= pressure F=force A = area

Atmospheric Pressure
Is the pressure exerted by the Earth’s atmosphere and can be measured using a
barometer. This apparatus was invented by Evangelista Torricelli in the 17 th century.
Torricelli’s barometer is made up of a glass tube measuring 760 millimeters long.It is closed
at one end and is filled with mercury. If the atmospheric pressure is more than the weight of
the mercury, the mercury level rises, and vice versa.

Common Units for Volume and Pressure

Variable SI unit Metric Unit English Unit
3)
Volume Cubic meter(m Liter (L) Quart (qt)
Cubic decimeter (dm3) Milliliter (ml) Gallon (gal)
Cubic centimeter (cm3)
Pressure Pascal (Pa) atmosphere (atm) torr
millimeters of lb/in2 (psi)
mercury (mmHg)
centimeter of
mercury(cm Hg)
Volume units and their equivalents
1ml=1cm3 1L= 1dm3 1m3=1000L
Pressure units and their equivalents
1 atm= 760mmHg=76cmHg=760 torr=101325Pa=14.6956psi
Temperature units and their equivalents
00C=273.15K 00C= 320F

Volume
Volume (V) is generally described as the space occupied by a given matter. As for
gases, they do not have definite shape but occupy the space of the container. If we fill a
balloon with gas, the gas molecules will spread evenly in the balloon and take up the available
space.
Temperature
Temperature (T) is the hotness or coldness ( or the average kinetic energy) of an
object and can be measured using a thermometer. For gases, as the temperature increases,
the kinetic energy gets higher.Lord Kelvin identified -273.150C as the absolute zero or lowest
attainable temperature. Absolute zero scale is known to be Kelvin temperature scale.
0K = -273.150C. Thus, the freezing point of water becomes 273.15K or 00C
Celsius to Kelvin Formula : K=0C+273.15

Gas Law Relationships

The gas laws are the product of century’s worth of experimentation. Many scientists
have studied the behavior of gases at various conditions but only a few of them were
recognized until the present time. The gas laws presented in the following discussion were
named after the scientists who made significant contributions in explaining the relationship of
the four physical properties of gases and their uses in everyday life.

Boyle’s Law: The Volume-Pressure Relationship

Robert Boyle(1627-1691) was a British chemist who made a significant contribution
in Chemistry and Physics. He studied the relationship of volume and pressure at constant
temperature.It states that at constant temperature and fixed amount of gas, pressure is
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inversely proportional to volume. It means that when the pressure is high, the volume of the
gas decreases. Conversely, if the pressure is low, the volume increases.
v
o
L
u
m
e

pressure

A graph showing the relationship between pressure and volume

Equation: at constant T P1V1=P2V2

Word Problem:
Example 1. At room temperature, a gas occupies 2.8 L at a pressure of 2.5 atm.
What will be its final volume if the pressure is decreased to 1.3 atm?
Given:
V1= 2.8L V2=? P1 = 2.5 atm P2 = 1.3 atm
Equation:
P1V1=P2V2
Solution:
(2.5atm)2.8L
V2= P1V1/ P2 V2=
(1.3atm)
7L
V2= V2= 5.38 L
1.3

Answer: The final volume of the gas is 5.38L. Notice that the decrease in pressure
causes an increase in volume.
Example 2.A tank of oxygen has an initial volume of 300ml and a pressure of 8.2 atm. What
is the final pressure in torr if the volume is doubly increased?
Given:
V1= 300 ml V2= (300ml)(2) =600ml
P1 = 8.2 atm P2 = ?
Equation:
P1V1=P2V2
Solution: 2,460 atm
P 1V1
P2= P2=
V2 (600)

P2= (8.2atm)300ml P2= 4.1 atm

(600ml)

Conversion: 760torr
= 4.1 atm x P2=3116 torr
1 atm

Answer:
The final pressure of the gas is 3166 torr.
Application
The spray cans used for air fresheners or paint use the concept of Boyle’s law,
pressing the spray can increase the pressure inside it. Thus, the liquid inside the can escapes
through the nozzle.
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 Gas particle have a very weak intermolecular force of attraction, hence they move as
far as possible from each other.They have the tendency to occupy all the spaces they are
contained in. If the pressure is increased, the volume will be decreased forcing the gas
particles to move closer to one another.

KMT on Boyle’s Law

When the volume of a gas decreased, more molecules are crowded in a smaller space.
At constant temperature, the average kinetic energy of the molecules remains the same. So
the gas molecules move with a fairly constant velocity. In a space crowded with more
molecules,more molecules will strike a given area of the wall in a given time.Because of the
shorter distance, a given molecule will also strike the same unit area in a greater number of
times. Thus, gas pressure increases as volume decreases at a given temperature.
When a gas expands, its molecules move in a larger volume. With no change in
average kinetic energy of the molecules, there will be less number of collisions by molecules
with a given area of the wall. Thus, we observe that pressure decreases as volume increases
for a given amount of gas at constant temperature.

Directions: Write TRUE if the postulate is accurate and FALSE if the postulate is flawed.
1. The molecules of a gas occupy negligible volume.
2. Collisions between molecules are perfectly elastic ( that is, no energy is gained nor lost
during the collision).
3. There are negligible, attractive or repulsive forces between molecules.
4. The average kinetic energy of a molecule is constant.
5. When the volume decreases the pressure also decreases.

What I Have Learned

Synthesis
⚫ The gas laws relate the physical properties of volume, pressure, temperature, and amount
of moles to each other.
⚫ Gas is one of the phases of matter. It has no definite shape and size. It can be compressed
easily.
⚫ Properties of gases, include mass, volume, temperature, and pressure.
O The amount of a gas or its mass could be expressed in moles or grams. The mass of

gasses is negligible.
O the volume of a gas is the amount of space occupied by the gases. Gases have the

tendency to occupy all the spaces of the container that they are confined. They have
weak intermolecular force of attraction hence, they are arranged as far away as
possible from each other.

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 O The temperature of a gas is the measure of the hotness or coldness of an object. It is
proportional to the average kinetic energy of its molecules. It can be measured in
Celsius or Kelvin, Kelvin is the absolute scale.
O The pressure of a confined gas is the average effect of the forces of the colliding

molecules. It can be measured in atmosphere, torr, psi, cmHg or mmHg.

⚫ A gas that obeys the assumptions of the Kinetic Molecular Theory is an ideal gas.
⚫ Not all gases behave ideally. Most of the gases found in nature conform to the principles
of Boyle’s law, Charle’s law, Gay-Lussac’s law, Avogadro’s law, and Combined Gas law.
⚫ The behavior of the gas molecules can be explained by the Kinetic Molecular Theory. It
states that:
a) Gases are composed of molecules. The distances from molecule to molecule are far
greater than the molecules’ dimensions. These molecules can be considered as
spherical bodies which possess negligible mass and volume.
b) Gas molecules are always in constant random motion and they frequently collide with
each other and with the walls of the container. Collisions among molecules are perfectly
elastic, that is, energy may transfer from molecule to molecule as the result of collision,
but the total energy of all the molecules in the system remains the same/constant.
c) There is negligible attractive or repulsive force between or among gas molecules.
d) Movement of gas molecules is affected by temperature. The average kinetic of the
molecules is directly related to the temperature of gas.

What I Can Do

1. Graph the given values and describe the relationship of the two variables.

Volume (L) Pressure(atm)

6.0 1
3.0 2
2.0 3
1.5 4
1.2 5
1.0 6

2. Plot the values in a graphing paper.

3. What does the relationship of the two variables mean?

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 Assessment

Post Test
A.Directions: Write the letter of the correct answer on a sheet of paper.
1. Jane can still pump air in the party balloon even though it is already inflated. What
explains this phenomenon?
A. Air inside the balloon is hot
B. Balloons are made up of plastics
C. Air molecules can be compressed
D. Balloons look better if its size is bigger
2.What will happen if an aerosol can is heated? The can will_____.
A. deform B. explode C. stay the same D.tarnish
3. Each container with varying volume has 1.0 mole of oxygen gas at 30.0 0C. In which
container will pressure be the lowest?

4. Which is an application of Boyle’s law?

A. Burst tire B. Hot air balloon C. LPG D. Spray can
5. What will happen to the container’s volume if pressure applied increases?
A. added B. decreases C. increases D.stays the same
6. Which pair has elements that are fluids?
I. Gases II. Liquids III. Plasma IV. Solids
A. I and II B. I and III C. II and III D. II and IV
7. Which property is exhibited by gases when the volume of their containers is decreased?
A.Availability B. Compressibility C.Diffusibility D. Solubility
8. A barometer is used to measure ________ pressure?
A. Air B.Blood C. Earth D. Water
9.Which is the equivalent of 2.5 atm in mmHg?.
A. 760mmHg B. 1,520mmHg C. 1,900mmHg D. 2000mmHg
10.A gas tank can hold 25.0 L of helium (He) gas at a pressure of 6.0 atm. How many liters
will the gas occupy if the pressure was decreased to 0.50 atm at constant temperature?
Eq.: P1V1=P2V2
A. 100 L B. 150 L C. 200 L D. 300 L

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 Make a short comic strip about Boyle’s law, introducing the scientist who investigated the
law, its description and uses.

References
Books:
SCIENCE 10 Learner’s Module, Department of Education, Republic of the Philippines
SCIENCE 10 Teacher’s Guide, Department of Education, Republic of the Philippines
Connecting Science A progressive Approach, Grade 10 Based on the K to 12 BEC
Diwa, Science for the 21st Century Learner ,K to 12 Curriculum Compilation
Diwa,Exploring Science and Technology Chemistry
Chemistry Textbook, DepEd by Rabago

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